Habitat selection, movement, and food preferences of Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta) in an agri-forested landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 743-750
Author(s):  
S.D. Wallace ◽  
G.J. Forbes ◽  
J.J. Nocera
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ecological Trap ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Glyptemys Insculpta ◽  
Wood Turtles

Wood Turtles (Glyptemys insculpta (Le Conte, 1830)) can use agricultural fields for basking and feeding, but hayfields can be an ecological trap due to mortality associated with agricultural machinery. It is unclear if hayfields are selected habitat or simply occur adjacent to used waterways. We sought to investigate Wood Turtle habitat selection at the third- and fourth-order scales in an agri-forested landscape and quantify food abundance (berries, fungi, and gastropods–worms) among habitat types. To quantify habitat selection by Wood Turtles, we radio-tracked 23 adults from May to November of 2018. We measured habitat features at each turtle location and three random sites within 50 m. At the third order, turtles primarily selected for edge habitat and selected hayfields over forest. At the fourth order, turtles selected for low canopy cover and presence of woody debris. Earthworms (suborder Lumbricina) were abundant within hayfields, and berries and fungi were abundant in forests. Turtles abandoned hayfields at the end of July, likely due to the emergence of food within the forest. Food availability likely influences their habitat use during the season, and hayfields provide a food source that entices Wood Turtles during the prime hay harvest period, which likely increases the risk of machinery-related mortality.

Riparian habitat disturbed by reservoir management does not function as an ecological trap for the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Quinlan ◽  
D.J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ecological Trap ◽  
Riparian Habitat ◽  
Yellow Warbler ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Selection Decisions ◽  
Yellow Warblers ◽  
Setophaga Petechia

Ecological traps arise when anthropogenic change creates habitat that appears suitable but when selected reduces the fitness of an individual. We evaluated whether riparian habitat within the drawdown zone of the Arrow Lakes Reservoir, British Columbia, creates an ecological trap for Yellow Warblers ( Setophaga petechia (L., 1766)) by investigating habitat preferences and the fitness consequences of habitat selection decisions. Preferences were inferred by examining how habitat variables influenced settlement order, and comparing habitat at nest sites and random locations. Males preferred to settle in territories with more riparian shrub and tree cover, higher shrub diversity, and less high canopy cover. Females built nests in taller shrubs surrounded by a greater density of shrub stems. Habitat preferences were positively associated with fitness: nest sites in taller shrubs surrounded by higher shrub-stem densities were more likely to avoid predation and fledge young, whereas territories with more riparian cover, higher shrub diversity, and less high canopy cover had higher annual productivity. We therefore found no evidence that riparian habitat affected by reservoir operations functions as an ecological trap. Current habitat selection decisions may be associated with fitness because Yellow Warblers are adapted to breeding in a heterogeneous environment subject to periodic flooding.

scholarly journals Thermoregulation and habitat selection in wood turtles Glyptemys insculpta: chasing the sun slowly

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dubois ◽  
G. Blouin-Demers ◽  
B. Shipley ◽  
D. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Glyptemys Insculpta ◽  
Wood Turtles

Habitat selection by the wood turtle (Clemmys insculpta) at the northern limit of its range

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Arvisais ◽  
Esther Lévesque ◽  
Jean-Claude Bourgeois ◽  
Claude Daigle ◽  
Denis Masse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Wood Turtles ◽  
Wood Turtle

We characterized the chronology of habitat use by the wood turtle, Clemmys insculpta (LeC., 1829), in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada. We also determined if this species used habitats according to availability within a home range and identified habitat features influencing habitat selection. Habitats were characterized for 20 wood turtles followed weekly by telemetry during the active season of 1997. Turtles used a great diversity of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Alder (Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng.) stands were the most used terrestrial habitats throughout the active season. Habitat use varied according to activity period. Indeed, wood turtles used aquatic habitats and alder stands during prenesting and prehibernation activity periods, whereas all habitat types were used during nesting and postnesting activity periods. Wood turtles did not use habitats randomly within their home ranges, suggesting that they selected them. Wood turtles seemed to select mixed forest stands that were relatively young (16 years), short (1–4 m), had low arborescent cover (25%), moderate cover of the upper shrub layer (35%), and low total canopy closure (0%–50%). This knowledge will be helpful in the establishment of future conservation measures.

Children’s Recall of Approximations to English

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carrow ◽  
Michael Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Index ◽  
General Linguistic

As a general index of language development, the recall of first through fourth order approximations to English was examined in four, five, six, and seven year olds and adults. Data suggested that recall improved with age, and increases in approximation to English were accompanied by increases in recall for six and seven year olds and adults. Recall improved for four and five year olds through the third order but declined at the fourth. The latter finding was attributed to deficits in semantic structures and memory processes in four and five year olds. The former finding was interpreted as an index of the development of general linguistic processes.

Vapour-liquid equilibrium in the isobutyl formate-isobutyl alcohol and n-butyl formate-isobutyl alcohol systems at atmospheric pressure

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3501-3508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Linek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
The Third

Isobaric vapour-liquid equilibria in the isobutyl formate-isobutyl alcohol and n-butyl formate-isobutyl alcohol systems have been measured at atmospheric pressure. A modified circulation still of the Gillespie type has been used for the measurements. The experimental data have been correlated by means of the third- and fourth-order Margules equations.

Relationships between riverine fish and woody debris: implications for lowland rivers

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Crook ◽  
A. I. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Lowland Rivers ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Riverine Fish

This paper reviews studies of relationships between riverine fish and woody debris at micro- and meso-habitat scales, and discusses the potential functions of instream structure for lowland river fish. Experimental research, mainly in North America, has identified three main functions of woody debris as microhabitat for fish in upland streams: overhead cover that decreases predation risk both vertically and horizontally; horizontal visual isolation that reduces contact between fish; and velocity refuge which minimizes energetic costs. As with habitat features in other aquatic environments, increasing spatial complexity of woody debris may modify predator–prey interactions and provide greater surface areas for the growth of prey items. Woody debris may also provide spatial reference points for riverine fish to assist them in orienting within their surroundings. Lowland rivers differ from upland streams in terms of a number of physical variables, including turbidity, depth and water turbulence. Relationships between fish and woody debris in lowland rivers are likely to rely on mechanisms different to those in upland streams. Recent initiatives involving the reintroduction of woody debris into previously cleared lowland rivers to replace lost fish habitat are a positive development for lowland river restoration. However, if woody debris reintroduction is to maximally benefit lowland river fisheries, there is a requirement for better understanding of the ecological functions of woody debris in lowland rivers.

Habitat selection of sympatric Siberian Grouse and Hazel Grouse in natural and exploited forests of the lower Amur region

Ornis Fennica ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-161
Author(s):  
Tobias Ludwig ◽  
Ralf Siano ◽  
Alexander V. Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Empirical Modelling ◽  
Hazel Grouse ◽  
Pioneer Trees ◽  
Selection Of

The Siberian Grouse (Falcipennis falcipennis), which is endemic to the “dark-needle” taiga of the Russian Far East, is one of the least studied grouse species in the world. We examined post-breeding habitat selection of Siberian Grouse and contrasted it with that of the better examined Hazel Grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) in two areas near Komsomolsk na Amure, Russia. To infer species-specific preferences, we used field sampling, logistic regression, and AIC model selection, and compared late summer habitats of Siberian Grouse and Hazel Grouse in a mountain- and hilly area in the dark needle taiga. Our study is the first to explain Siberian Grouse habitat relationships with an empirical modelling approach. Results indicate proportions of coniferous/ pioneer trees forest and rejuvenation to be the most important covariates separating Siberian and Hazel Grouse observation sites in forests from both areas. Siberian Grouse tended to select sites with low proportions of pioneer trees and rejuvenation but availability of dwarf shrubs. Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) appeared to be of high importance for the presence of Siberian Grouse in both regions. Hazel Grouse were common in places dominated by pioneer trees with high canopy cover, and high proportions of grass/herb cover. Hazel Grouse also occurred more often in forest sites with dense vertical layering and rejuvenation. Modern forestry, which results in increasing amounts of forests at younger successional stages, is likely to favour the Hazel Grouse at the expense of the Siberian Grouse.

scholarly journals Linearization of symmetrical and asymmetrical two-way Doherty amplifier

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Atanaskovic ◽  
Natasa Males-Ilic ◽  
Bratislav Milovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Order ◽  
Linearization Technique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Simulation Process ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Carrier Cell ◽  
Fifth Order ◽  
Doherty Amplifier

The linearization effects on two-way Doherty amplifiers are presented in this paper. Symmetrical Doherty amplifier with the additional circuit for linearization has been realized and measurements of the linearization influence on the third- and fifth-order intermodulation products have been carried out. Asymmetrical Doherty amplifier has been designed and effects of the applied linearization technique have been considered through the simulation process. The linearization approach uses the fundamental signals? second harmonics and fourth-order nonlinear signals that are extracted at the output of the peaking cell, adjusted in amplitude and phase and injected at the input and output of the carrier cell in Doherty amplifier.

scholarly journals Habitat selection when killing primary versus alternative prey species supports prey specialization in an apex predator

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cristescu ◽  
S Bose ◽  
LM Elbroch ◽  
ML Allen ◽  
Heiko Wittmer
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Apparent Competition ◽  
Selection Function ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus Columbianus ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Selection Of

© 2019 The Zoological Society of London Many predators specialize on one or several prey species that they select from the range of potential prey. Predator specialization on primary versus alternative prey is driven in part by encounter rates with prey and a predator’s habitat selection. Although habitat selection changes with behavioural state, this has not been well-recognized in the resource selection function (RSF) literature to date, often because auxiliary data on the predator’s behavioural states (e.g. hunting) are absent. We monitored habitat selection of pumas Puma concolor in a multi-prey system in northern California, where pumas specialized on black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus columbianus. We employed multiple RSF analyses on different datasets to test the following three hypotheses: (1) Pumas utilize habitats in proportion to their availability; (2) Pumas select specific habitat features when killing black-tailed deer, their primary prey; (3) Pumas do not select distinct habitats from those identified under hypothesis 1 when killing alternative prey. We found that pumas in our study selected for specific habitats and habitat features in general, but that their selection was more pronounced when killing black-tailed deer. In summer, kill sites of deer were associated with rugged terrain, but gentle slopes and northerly aspects. In winter, pumas killed deer at low elevations, on gentle slopes and on northerly and westerly aspects. Overall, evidence suggested that pumas tracked their primary prey across seasonal migrations, which were short in distance but resulted in pronounced changes in elevation. When killing alternative prey, pumas showed little evidence of habitat selection, suggesting they may kill alternative prey opportunistically. Our results hold implications for how data should be partitioned when modelling baseline habitat selection of predators, hunting habitat selection and predation risk for prey species, as well as for how we model ecological processes such as apparent competition.

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