Vapour-liquid equilibrium in the isobutyl formate-isobutyl alcohol and n-butyl formate-isobutyl alcohol systems at atmospheric pressure

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3501-3508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Linek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
The Third

Isobaric vapour-liquid equilibria in the isobutyl formate-isobutyl alcohol and n-butyl formate-isobutyl alcohol systems have been measured at atmospheric pressure. A modified circulation still of the Gillespie type has been used for the measurements. The experimental data have been correlated by means of the third- and fourth-order Margules equations.

Isothermal and isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium data in the tetrachloromethane-isobutyl alcohol system

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3509-3514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Linek ◽  
Jiřina Klimánková
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Order Equation ◽  
Isobutyl Alcohol ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
System A ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Alcohol System

Isothermal vapour-liquid equilibrium data at 65, 75 and 83°C and isobaric ones at 101.325 kPa have been measured in the tetrachloromethane-isobutyl alcohol system. A modified circulation still of the Gillespie type has been used for the measurements. The experimental data have been correlated by the Margules 3rd and 4th order equation.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM IN THE PROPIONIC ACID - ETHANOL - ETHYL PROPIONATE - WATER SYSTEM AND EXTRACTION PROCESSES WITH PARTICIPATION OF DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Toikka ◽  
A. A. Samarov ◽  
A. A. Sadaev ◽  
A. A. Senina ◽  
O. L. Lobacheva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Chemical Equilibrium ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Water System ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Ethyl Propionate

New experimental data on the chemical equilibrium in the propionic acid - ethanol - ethyl propionate - water system at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure are presented. Chemically equilibrium compositions corresponding to the liquid-liquid equilibrium were obtained by gas chromatographic analysis. Using the method of nuclear magnetic resonance, homogeneous chemically equilibrium compositions were determined and the concentration equilibrium constant is calculated. The surface of chemical equilibrium and the region of splitting chemically equilibrium compositions are represented in the square of the transformed concentration variables. Comparison of the data obtained in the work with the literature was carried out at 303.15 and 313.15 K. It was found that the region of such compositions decreases with increasing temperature, while the surface of chemical equilibrium does not change the shape and position in the concentration space in the temperature range 293.15-313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Liquid-liquid equilibrium compositions have also been obtained by gas chromatographic analysis for ethanol and ethyl propionate in the pseudo-ternary system using deep eutectic solvents (DES) based on choline chloride and glycerol / urea in whole range of concentration. The analysis of the extraction properties of DES showed the highest efficiency of DES based on choline chloride and urea. Experimental data on phase equilibrium are processed using Othmer-Tobias and Hand models. The calculated correlation coefficient (more than 0.99) indicates a high internal consistency of the experimental data obtained in this work.

Liquid–liquid equilibrium for the ternary systems of water + acetic acid +ethyl acetate at T=298.2K

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (SE) ◽  
pp. 623-629
Author(s):  
M. Manteghian ◽  
M. Shahbazi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Karl Fischer ◽  
Lle Data

(Liquid + liquid) equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary mixtures of {water (1) + acetic acid (2) + ethyl acetate (3)} were determined at T = 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure.  The concentration of each phase was determined by acidimetrictitration, the Karl Fischer technique. The reliability of the experimental data wasdetermined through the Othmer–Tobias and Hand plots. Distribution coefficients and separation factorswere evaluated over the immiscibility regions. The results show that ethyl acetate is satisfactory solvent for extraction of acetic acid from water.

Investigation of solid–liquid equilibrium of stevioside in different pure and binary mix solvents at various temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 815-823
Author(s):  
Behnaz Asadzadeh ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Weidong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Hoff Equation ◽  
Solid Liquid

The solubility of stevioside (a natural sweetener) in 12 pure solvents (methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-buthanol, 2-buthanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-propoxyethanol, 2-buthoxyethanol, water, and acetone) and in binary mixed solvents (2-ethoxyethanol + water) have been determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method at temperatures ranging from 288.15 to 328.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data, it was found that the solubility increased with the rising temperature in all selected solvents. The experimental data for the solubility of stevioside were correlated with Apelblat and non-random two-liquid (NRTL) models. It was found that the Apelblat model has the better quality in fitting the solubility data. Also, thermodynamic functions of dissolution, mixing and transfer process were calculated by the van’t Hoff equation. Furthermore, the crystal habits of stevioside in selected solvents were studied.

Children’s Recall of Approximations to English

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carrow ◽  
Michael Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Index ◽  
General Linguistic

As a general index of language development, the recall of first through fourth order approximations to English was examined in four, five, six, and seven year olds and adults. Data suggested that recall improved with age, and increases in approximation to English were accompanied by increases in recall for six and seven year olds and adults. Recall improved for four and five year olds through the third order but declined at the fourth. The latter finding was attributed to deficits in semantic structures and memory processes in four and five year olds. The former finding was interpreted as an index of the development of general linguistic processes.

Properties of Refrigerants from Cubic Equations of State

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viorel Feroiu ◽  
Dan Geana ◽  
Catinca Secuianu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Mixing Rules ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamic ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures

Vapour � liquid equilibrium, thermodynamic and volumetric properties were predicted for three pure hydrofluorocarbons: difluoromethane (R32), pentafluoroethane (R125) and 1,1,1,2 � tetrafluoroethane (R134a) as well as for binary and ternary mixtures of these refrigerants. Three cubic equations of state GEOS3C, SRK (Soave � Redlich � Kwong) and PR (Peng � Robinson) were used. A wide comparison with literature experimental data was made. For the refrigerant mixtures, classical van der Waals mixing rules without interaction parameters were used. The GEOS3C equation, with three parameters estimated by matching several points on the saturation curve (vapor pressure and corresponding liquid volumes), compares favorably to other equations in literature, being simple enough for applications.

Liquid-liquid equilibrium in binary glycols-toluene and glycols-xylene systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1686-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lumír Mandík ◽  
František Lešek
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Benzene Toluene

Liquid-liquid equilibria were determined in the following binary systems: 1,2-ethandiol/toluene, 1,2-ethandiol/xylene, 1,2-propandiol/toluene, 1,2-propandiol/xylene, 1,4-butandiol/toluene, 1,4-butandiol/xylene, 1,3-butandiol/toluene, 1,3-butandiol/xylene, 1,3-butandiol/p-xylene, 2,2'-dioxydiethanol/toluene, 2,2'-dioxydiethanol/xylene. The solubility of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propandiol in benzene, toluene and xylene was also measured. Critical solubility temperatures at atmospheric pressure were determined for systems containing 1,2-propandiol and 1,3-butandiol.

Isothermal and isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium data in the tetrachloromethane-sec-butyl alcohol system

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2446-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Linek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Correlation Equations ◽  
Wilson Equation ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Raoult’S Law ◽  
System A ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Alcohol System

Isothermal vapour-liquid equilibrium data at 65, 73 and 80 °C and isobaric ones at 101.3 kPa were measured in the tetrachloromethane-sec-butyl alcohol system. A modified circulation still of the Gillespie type was used for the measurements. Under the conditions of measurement, the system exhibits positive deviations from Raoult's law and minimum boiling-point azeotropes. The experimental data were fitted to a number of correlation equations, the most suitable being the Wilson equation.

Measured Film Cooling Effectiveness of Three Multihole Patterns

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Lin ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Gaoen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Analogy Method ◽  
Blowing Ratio ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coolant Injection

As an advanced cooling scheme to meet increasingly stringent combustor cooling requirements, multihole film cooling has received considerable attention. Experimental data of this cooling scheme are limited in the open literature in terms of different hole patterns and blowing ratios. The heat-mass transfer analogy method was employed to measure adiabatic film cooling effectiveness of three multihole patterns. Three hole patterns differed in streamwise row spacing (S), spanwise hole pitch (P), and hole inclination angle (α), with the first pattern S∕P=2 and α=30°, the second S∕P=1 and α=30°, and the third S∕P=2 and α=150°. Measurements were performed at different blow ratios (M=1-4). Streamwise coolant injection offers high cooling protection for downstream rows. Reverse coolant injection provides superior cooling protection for initial rows. The effect of blowing ratio on cooling effectiveness is small for streamwise injection but significant for reversion injection.

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