In attempting to present some observations on the kind of information on the Earth’s resources which may be obtained from spacecraft and space satellites, I think I should explain that I speak as a geographer with research interests in the field of biogeography/geobotany where I have been concerned with the use of vegetation in mineral exploration work and in the assessment of land potential for agricultural and other uses. In the course of this work I have come to appreciate major problems of regional or even continental dimensions and have become aware of the great potential offered by suitably equipped Earth resources satellites for providing information which would assist their solution. At the same time I have come to recognize the great contribution which Earth resources satellites can make in the fields of agriculture, forestry and conservation, topographical and geological mapping, hydrology, oceanography, land use and urban planning, to mention but a few. As a setting for my subsequent remarks I would like to state what I believe to be the relative positions of the U. S. A. and the U. S. S. R. on the one hand and this country and certain West European countries on the other with regard to the acquisition of information from Earth resources satellites. America and Russia have led the world in space research. They have the resources, the facilities and the technical know-how for placing spacecraft and satellites in orbit. For the effective development of Earth resources satellites, however, ground control information is essential. Here this country, together with member and former member countries of the Commonwealth possesses a body of people scattered through universities, government departments and organizations, commerce and industry whose firsthand knowledge of remote terrain in many parts of the world is unrivalled. This knowledge harnessed into an Earth resources satellites programme could enable this country to make a leading contribution to the development of the less developed parts of the world and at the same time materially assist the economy of this country.