Evidence for the Two Creeks interstade in the Lake Huron basin

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame J. Larson ◽  
Thomas V. Lowell ◽  
Nathaniel E. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
Straits Of Mackinac ◽  
Continuous Deposition ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

New radiocarbon age dates for the Cheboygan bryophyte bed in northern lower Michigan indicate that the bed was not deposited during the Mackinaw interstade, as was previously proposed, but is correlative to the Two Creeks forest bed deposited during the Two Creeks interstade approximately 11 850 BP. Furthermore, the till overlying the bryophyte bed does not represent continuous deposition by ice throughout the Two Creeks interstade, as proposed by others, but represents deposition during the Greatlakean stade. A major implication resulting from the reassignment of the age of the Cheboygan bryophyte bed is that the Straits of Mackinac could have been ice free during the Two Creeks interstade and that during that time the Kirkfield phase of glacial Lake Algonquin may have extended into the Lake Michigan basin.

Glacial-Lake Outburst Erosion of the Grand Valley, Michigan, and Impacts on Glacial Lakes in the Lake Michigan Basin

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Kehew
Keyword(s):  
Lake Level ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Lake Michigan Lobe ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

AbstractGeomorphic and sedimentologic evidence in the Grand Valley, which drained the retreating Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and later acted as a spillway between lakes in the Huron and Erie basins and in the Michigan basin, suggests that at least one drainage event from glacial Lake Saginaw to glacial Lake Chicago was a catastrophic outburst that deeply incised the valley. Analysis of shoreline and outlet geomorphology at the Chicago outlet supports J H Bretz's hypothesis of episodic incision and lake-level change. Shoreline features of each lake level converge to separate outlet sills that decrease in elevation from the oldest to youngest lake phases. This evidence, coupled with the presence of boulder lags and other features consistent with outburst origin, suggests that the outlets were deepened by catastrophic outbursts at least twice. The first incision event is correlated with a linked series of floods that progressed from Huron and Erie basin lakes to glacial Lake Saginaw to glacial Lake Chicago and then to the Mississippi. The second downcutting event occurred after the Two Rivers Advance of the Lake Michigan Lobe. Outbursts from the eastern outlets of glacial Lake Agassiz to glacial Lake Algonquin are a possible cause for this period of downcutting at the Chicago outlets.

Late Quaternary Mollusks from Glacial Lake Algonquin, Nipissing, and Transitional Sediments from Southwestern Ontario, Canada

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Miller ◽  
P. F. Karrow ◽  
L. L. Kalas
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Transitional Age ◽  
Anodonta Grandis ◽  
Fluvial Environments ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Mollusks were studied from six sites in Lake Algonquin deposits (12,000-10,000 yr B.P.), five transitional (Lake Stanley low stage; 10,000 – 6000 yr B.P.), and six Nipissing stage sites (6000-4000 yr B.P.) east of Lake Huron in southwestern Ontario. The sites represent a variety of near-shore, lagoonal, estuarine, and fluvial environments. Eighteen species were limited to occurrences in Algonquin stage deposits; 8 were found only in the transitional age sites; and 14 species were restricted to Nipissing stage localities. With the possible exception of Goniobasis livescens, which occurred at five of the six Nipissing stage sites, the remaining stratigraphically limited species were usually restricted to one or two localities and probably cannot be used as zone fossils. Some cold-tolerant species (e.g., Anodonta grandis simpsoniana) were very early migrants into the study area, while others arrived later, apparently from eastern, southern, and western sources. Mollusks proved useful in paleoenvironmental reconstructions and to a lesser extent in biostratigraphic zonation.

Some problems of late Wisconsin history and geochronology in southeastern Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Terasmae
Keyword(s):  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Surficial Deposits ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Palynological studies and radiocarbon dating of sediments from about 20 lakes and bogs in southeastern Ontario have been used to establish a palynostratigraphic sequence of six pollen zones extending to approximately 12 000 years BP and indicating that deglaciation occurred between 12 500 and 11 500 years BP, probably during the Two Creeks interstadial interval.The glacial Lake Iroquois existed in the Lake Ontario basin from about 12 500 – 11 800 years BP while the Lake Ontario ice lobe was retreating northeastward, and the Kirkfield – Fenelon Falls outlet from glacial Lake Algonquin (in the Georgian Bay – Lake Huron basin) to Lake Iroquois opened about 12 000 years ago when the Dummer Moraine was deposited as a stagnant ice disintegration feature south of the Algonquin and Haliburton Highlands.Most radiocarbon dates (about 25) on marine shells, whale bone, and algae from Champlain Sea beach deposits are in the range of 10 000 – 11 800 years BP, indicating that the Champlain Sea episode is younger than glacial Lake Iroquois. However, a few Champlain Sea dates are older than 12 000 years BP and present an unresolved problem in geochronological correlation because they conflict with proposed deglaciation histories for southeastern Ontario.Late Wisconsin ice marginal positions are poorly known in southeastern Ontario and comprise another problem for further study.The end of glacial Lake Algonquin phase (the main drainage event in the North Bay area) probably occurred between 10 800 and 10 500 years BP, after the Champlain Sea had reached its maximum western limit in the Pembroke area (upper Ottawa River valley) as indicated by stratigraphic relationships of surficial deposits.

Evidence for the intra-Glenwood (Mackinaw) low-water phase of glacial Lake Chicago

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1236-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. William Monaghan ◽  
Ardith K. Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Far North ◽  
Straits Of Mackinac ◽  
Lake Deposits ◽  
Lake Michigan Lobe

A 14C age estimate of 13 470 ± 130 BP (ISGS-1378) from organic material at the base of transgressive lake deposits exposed in a southern Lake Michigan shore bluff near Riverside, Michigan, confirms that an intra-Glenwood low-water phase occurred in the Lake Michigan basin during the Mackinaw (Cary – Port Huron) Interstade. The altitude of organic material at Riverside suggests that the water plane was at or below modern lake level during the intra-Glenwood low-water phase. This observation indicates that drainage from the Lake Michigan basin was eastward, probably through the Straits of Mackinac into the Lake Huron basin. Such a drainage pattern implies that the correlative lake occupying the Lake Huron basin (Arkona low-water phase) must have had a level either congruent with or below that of the Lake Michigan basin. This lake system ultimately drained from the Lake Huron basin through a low eastern outlet (probably the Trent River lowland). The existence of low-level lakes at this time also indicates that the ice margin of the Lake Michigan lobe must have retreated at least as far north as the Straits of Mackinac region during the Mackinaw Interstade.

Paleohydrology of the upper Laurentian Great Lakes from the late glacial to early Holocene

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Breckenridge ◽  
Thomas C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Great Lakes Basin ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Freshwater Fluxes

AbstractBetween 10,500 and 9000 cal yr BP, δ18O values of benthic ostracodes within glaciolacustrine varves from Lake Superior range from − 18 to − 22‰ PDB. In contrast, coeval ostracode and bivalve records from the Lake Huron and Lake Michigan basins are characterized by extreme δ18O variations, ranging from values that reflect a source that is primarily glacial (∼ − 20‰ PDB) to much higher values characteristic of a regional meteoric source (∼ − 5‰ PDB). Re-evaluated age models for the Huron and Michigan records yield a more consistent δ18O stratigraphy. The striking feature of these records is a sharp drop in δ18O values between 9400 and 9000 cal yr BP. In the Huron basin, this low δ18O excursion was ascribed to the late Stanley lowstand, and in the Lake Michigan basin to Lake Agassiz flooding. Catastrophic flooding from Lake Agassiz is likely, but a second possibility is that the low δ18O excursion records the switching of overflow from the Lake Superior basin from an undocumented northern outlet back into the Great Lakes basin. Quantifying freshwater fluxes for this system remains difficult because the benthic ostracodes in the glaciolacustrine varves of Lake Superior and Lake Agassiz may not record the average δ18O value of surface water.

Revealing Uncertainty in Maps of Glacial Lake Algonquin

2002 ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Drzyzga ◽  
Ashton Shortridge ◽  
Randall Schaetzl
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Cisco diversity in a historical drainage of glacial Lake Algonquin

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 736-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Bell ◽  
Gabriel Piette-Lauzière ◽  
Julie Turgeon ◽  
Mark S. Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Hurdle Models ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Mysis Diluviana ◽  
Coregonus Artedi ◽  
Colonization Hypothesis ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Cisco (Coregonus artedi (sensu lato) Lesueur, 1818) forms matching in appearance to Blackfin Cisco from the Laurentian Great Lakes occur in four lakes in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, a historical drainage of glacial Lake Algonquin (precursor of lakes Michigan and Huron). Their occurrence may represent colonization from glacial Lake Algonquin drainage patterns 13 000 calibrated years BP or independent evolution within each lake. Gill-raker numbers, temperature at capture depth during lake stratification, and hurdle models of habitat distribution are summarized. Blackfin (nigripinnis-like) in the four lakes had higher gill-raker numbers than artedi-like cisco captured in nearby lakes or within the same lake. Two lakes have a bimodal gill-raker distribution that indicate co-occurrence of two forms. Blackfin occupied the hypolimnion with a peak depth distribution at 20–25 m. Maximum depth for blackfin was 35–40 m. The presence of the opossum shrimp (Mysis diluviana Audzijonyte and Väinölä, 2005) appears necessary for the occurrence of cisco diversity in lakes but not sufficient in all cases. The presence of two forms of cisco in at least two lakes points to the possibility of the colonization hypothesis or the ecological speciation hypothesis as accounting for this phenomenon. Genetic analysis is needed to determine which of these hypotheses best accounts for the occurrence of blackfin in Algonquin Park.

Proxy Evidence for Easterly Winds in Glacial Lake Algonquin, from the Black River Delta in Northern Lower Michigan

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Vader ◽  
Bailey K. Zeman ◽  
Randall J. Schaetzl ◽  
Kristina L. Anderson ◽  
Ryan W. Walquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Delta ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Early Holocene dune activity linked with final destruction of Glacial Lake Minong, eastern Upper Michigan, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry M. Loope ◽  
Walter L. Loope ◽  
Ronald J. Goble ◽  
Timothy G. Fisher ◽  
Harry M. Jol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Level ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Lake Sediment Core ◽  
Littoral Sediment ◽  
Dune Activity ◽  
Lake Minong ◽  
Water Level Decline

AbstractThe early Holocene final drainage of glacial Lake Minong is documented by 21 OSL ages on quartz sand from parabolic dunes and littoral terraces and one radiocarbon age from a lake sediment core adjacent to mapped paleoshorelines in interior eastern Upper Michigan. We employ a simple model wherein lake-level decline exposes unvegetated littoral sediment to deflation, resulting in dune building. Dunes formed subsequent to lake-level decline prior to stabilization by vegetation and provide minimum ages for lake-level decline. Optical ages range from 10.3 to 7.7 ka; 15 ages on dunes adjacent to the lowest Lake Minong shoreline suggest final water-level decline ∼ 9.1 ka. The clustering of optical ages from vertically separated dunes on both sides of the Nadoway–Gros Cap Barrier around 8.8 ka and a basal radiocarbon date behind the barrier (8120 ± 40 14C yr BP [9.1 cal ka BP]) support the hypothesis that the barrier was breached and the final lake-level drop to the Houghton Low occurred coincident with (1) high meltwater flux into the Superior basin and (2) an abrupt, negative shift in oxygen isotope values in Lake Huron.

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