Incorporation of strontium, cadmium, and barium in juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) scales reflects water chemistry

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K Wells ◽  
Gretchen E Bath ◽  
Simon R Thorrold ◽  
Cynthia M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Leiostomus Xanthurus ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Ambient Water Temperature ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Highly Correlated

We investigated the hypothesis that strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca), cadmium:calcium (Cd:Ca), and barium:calcium (Ba:Ca) composition in scales reflects that of the ambient seawater in which fish were reared under controlled experimental conditions. Juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) were held in replicate tanks containing four different concentrations of Sr, Cd, and Ba maintained at either 20 or 25°C for a total of 42 days. The elemental composition of scales from these fish was analyzed at the termination of the experiment, using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sr, Cd, and Ba levels in the scales, expressed as ratios to Ca, were linearly related to environmental concentrations, indicating that the elements were incorporated in constant proportions to levels in the ambient water. Temperature had no measurable effect on the uptake of Sr, Cd, or Ba into the scales. Finally, Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca ratios in scales were highly correlated with levels in the otoliths from the same treatment. In all, Sr:Ca, Cd:Ca, and Ba:Ca signatures in scales appear to be representative of the ambient environment and, therefore, may be useful for quantifying life-history characteristics of individual fish.

Alteration and dissolution of Na-montmorillonite in simulated groundwaters

2012 ◽  
Vol 1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Myllykylä ◽  
M. Tanhua-Tyrkkö ◽  
A. Bouchet
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Fresh Waters ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACTThis study aims at gaining a better understanding of the behaviour of montmorillonite in contact with different ground waters; alteration of montmorillonite and possible formation of secondary minerals. Batch experiments were conducted with purified Swy-2 montmorillonite in simulated fresh (I=0.05 M, pH 8) and saline (I=0.1 M, pH 11) waters at 25 and 60ºC in anaerobic (Ar(g)) conditions. The concentrations of Al, Fe; Mg and Si were analysed from ultra-filtered solution samples with HR-ICP-MS (High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). The amount of released Si depended strongly on the experimental conditions. The Si concentrations at 60oC in the saline and fresh waters showed a difference greater than an order of magnitude. The initial purified montmorillonite and the solid materials from experiments were analysed with XRD. The analysis indicated that the nature of smectite did not change, but the experimental conditions, more or less, modified the structure of montmorillonite, e.g., in fresh waters the XRD spectra showed peaks typical of mixed layer minerals, which can refer to the presence of either randomly ordered illite/smectite or randomly ordered collapsed smectite/ hydrated smectite layers. The dissolution of montmorillonite was studied also by modelling with TOUGHREACT. The experimental and modelled results were compared revealing a need to develop the model e.g. in respect of the evolution of pH.

Dissolution experiments of Na- and Ca-montmorillonite in groundwater simulants under anaerobic conditions

Clay Minerals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Myllykylä ◽  
M. Tanhua-Tyrkkö ◽  
A. Bouchet ◽  
M. Tiljander
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interlayer Cation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

AbstractThe effects of simulant groundwater composition, pH and temperature on the dissolution and alteration of Na- and Ca-montmorillonite have been studied. Prior to the experiments, Wyoming type Na-montmorillonite, Swy-2, was purified to decrease the amount of accessory minerals. For Ca-montmorillonite experiments, the interlayer cation Na+ of purified Swy-2 was exchanged with Ca2+. The batch experiments were conducted with the purified montmorillonites in simulated fresh and saline waters at 25°C and 60°C under anaerobic conditions in an Ar atmosphere. The concentrations of Si, Al, Fe and Mg were analysed from ultra-filtered solution samples with High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) as a function of dissolution time. The pH evolution was also measured. The solid smectite phases were analysed with X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD analyses indicated that the nature of the smectite mineral did not change over 140 days. However, the experimental conditions, more or less, modified the structure (e.g. the layer stacking of montmorilllonite; the partial dissolution of the smectite), which cannot be detected by XRD but was evidenced by chemical data, and can be considered as a possible contributor to the stacking faults of the montmorillonite. The log rates (mol g–1 s–1), based on the dissolved amount of Si, varied between –10.64 and –12.13 depending on the experimental conditions.

Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Investigating Nonlinear Response Observed in Pulse Counting Mode and Extending the Linear Dynamic Range by Compensating for Dead Time Related Count Losses on a Microsecond Timescale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Strenge ◽  
Carsten Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Dead Time ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Linear Dynamic Range ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

<p>The article demonstrates the importance of using a suitable approach to compensate for dead time relate count losses (a certain measurement artefact) whenever short, but potentially strong transient signals are to be analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Findings strongly support the theory that inadequate time resolution, and therefore insufficient compensation for these count losses, is one of the main reasons for size underestimation observed when analysing inorganic nanoparticles using ICP-MS, a topic still controversially discussed.</p>

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