Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat overlap with wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in natural streams: do habitat and landscape factors override competitive interactions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949-1959
Author(s):  
Scott D. Roloson ◽  
Kyle M. Knysh ◽  
Michael R.S. Coffin ◽  
Karen L. Gormley ◽  
Christina C. Pater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Habitat Overlap ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Natural Streams

The purpose of this study was to update rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion status, delineate factors that increase the invasion probability, and quantify habitat overlap between invasive rainbow trout and native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Analysis of landscape-level variables in 26 watersheds (14 with and 12 without rainbow trout) demonstrated that watershed slope, percent agricultural land use, and distance to the nearest rainbow trout population significantly increased the probability of rainbow trout establishment. Two independent reach-level fish community surveys were conducted by electrofishing in combination with habitat surveys. Reaches with rainbow trout had higher stream slope, Atlantic salmon were found in wider reaches with larger substrate, and brook trout were typically dominant in headwater reaches with finer substrate. Findings at multiple ecological scales illustrated that rainbow trout invasion success is positively influenced by the presence of high-slope habitat. Habitat separation of the three salmonid species indicates that competition with introduced rainbow trout may not be the most significant threat to native salmonid populations.

Effects of Two Insecticides on the Vulnerability of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr to Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Predation

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Hatfield ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The experiments were conducted in large outdoor concrete pools in which the salmon had access to a safe haven. After exposure for 24 hr to 1.0 ppm of the organophosphate insecticide, Sumithion, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were more vulnerable than unexposed fish to prédation by large brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Sumithion at 0.1 ppm, and DDT at 0.07 ppm, had no noticeable effect. The results, particularly for Sumithion, correlate well with previous laboratory work on the effect of insecticides on the learning ability of salmon.

The marine phase of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life cycle, with comparisons to Pacific salmon

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L P Hansen ◽  
T P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are distributed over large areas in the north Atlantic Ocean. They usually move very quickly from freshwater to oceanic areas, whereas there is considerable variation among Pacific salmon in early marine movements. In some areas, Atlantic salmon of exploitable size are sufficiently abundant that commercial high seas fisheries have developed. Such areas are off west Greenland, where North American and European fish are harvested, and in the Norwegian Sea, north of the Faroe Islands, where mainly European fish are exploited. Atlantic salmon feed on a wide range of large crustaceans, pelagic fish, and squid in the marine environment, supporting the hypothesis that Atlantic salmon are opportunistic feeders. In the ocean the salmon grow relatively quickly and the sea age when they become sexually mature depends on both genetics and on growing conditions. Natural marine mortality of salmon is highest during the first few months at sea and the major mortality factor is probably predation. However, marine mortality of Atlantic salmon has increased in recent years, apparently correlated with a decline in sea surface temperatures. Similar relationships between environmental conditions and the growth and survival of Pacific salmon have been reported. Atlantic salmon life histories most closely mimic stream-type chinook salmon or steelhead trout among the Pacific species. Finally, Atlantic and Pacific salmon return to their home rivers with high precision and possible mechanisms controlling the oceanic homing migration are presented and discussed.

Fyke Net Catches as Indices of the Abundance of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Fyke Nets

The catch per unit effort (CPUE) data of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fyke nets set in two small lakes in central Newfoundland were compared with population densities estimated with Schnabel multiple mark–recapture experiments each spring and fall from 1978 to 1982. The catchability of brook trout did not differ significantly between lakes or seasons, and CPUE was an index of the relative abundance of trout within and between lakes. In contrast, the catchability of Atlantic salmon differed greatly between lakes and varied seasonally, being greater in the spring but less in the fall than the catchability of brook trout. Comparisons of relative salmon abundance between lakes or of the relative abundance of brook trout to Atlantic salmon within or between lakes require a correction for seasonal differences in the catchability of salmon.

Selection by Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) of Shade Related to Water Depth

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. John Gibson ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Salmon Parr

Salmon parr and small brook trout were observed in two stream tanks providing choices of cover. One tank was shallow (24–29 cm) and the other deep (43–50 cm). In the shallow tank brook trout occurred most frequently in shade. When salmon were the sole species, they were most frequently in shade, but were mostly away from shade in the presence of trout. This selection for shade was not evident by either species in the deep tank.

Characterizing physical habitat preferences and thermal refuge occupancy of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) and Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) at high river temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan M. Wilbur ◽  
Antóin M. O'Sullivan ◽  
Kerry T. B. MacQuarrie ◽  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
R. Allen Curry
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Thermal Refuge

Temperature Selection of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) as Influenced by Various Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Exposure Levels

The effects of previous exposure to p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, and methoxychlor on temperature selection by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a horizontal temperature gradient were similar. Exposure to low concentrations resulted in no change or a decrease in selected temperatures as compared to control values of about 16 C. Exposure to higher concentrations raised selected temperatures. The concentrations of the substances required to produce a given effect varied as: p,p′-DDT≥p,p′-DDD> methoxychlor >o,p′-DDT>p,p′-DDE. Exposure levels of p,p′-DDA≤ 8 ppm did not alter temperature selection nor did exposure to Aroclor® 1254, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) preparation at 2 ppm. Aldrin lowered temperature selection at 0.1–0.15 ppm. In a vertical gradient, brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) previously exposed to p,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDD selected higher temperatures than controls.

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