Patterns in apparent survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr in relation to variable ice conditions throughout winter

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1744-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
Richard A. Cunjak
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Parr

Apparent within-site survival of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) parr, individually tagged with passive integrated transponders, was not constant throughout the winter period in a 3-year study (2003–2006) in Catamaran Brook, New Brunswick, Canada. Highest decline in apparent survival (19.4%–33.3% of the study population) occurred prior to any ice formation and coincided with early winter acclimatization period (dynamic temperature and discharge regime). Stream discharge and parr maturity were identified to be relevant factors explaining emigration prior to ice formation. Apparent survival was improved during the period affected by subsurface ice and considerably better when surface ice was prevailing, with a decline in population size between 0% and 15.4%. Overall, observed within-site winter mortality was low (4.4%), and the majority of the loss of tagged salmon parr occurred because of emigration. On average, the within-site population of tagged salmon parr declined by 31.7% over the whole winter (November–April). Our data suggest that anthropogenic impacts, like climate change or river regulation, are likely to affect the apparent survival rate and distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon because of their effects on natural ice regime in streams.

Feeding by Hatchery-Reared and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr in Streams

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sosiak ◽  
R. G. Randall ◽  
J. A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Salmon Parr

Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were captured 1–3 mo after release in streams, along with wild parr from the same streams. Identification of their stomach contents showed total number of organisms and number of taxa per stomach were greater and there was a higher index of stomach fullness in wild than in hatchery parr resident ≤ 2 mo in a stream. Wild parr consumed more Brachycentridae, Hydroptilidae, Diptera, and Plecoptera than did hatchery parr, but sometimes less Odontoceridae and Heptageniidae. These differences may have arisen from size-dependent food selection, the effects of feeding experience, or possible microhabitat differences between wild and hatchery parr. Key words: salmon parr, hatchery-reared, wild, feeding

Degradation of DDT in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2321-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Greer ◽  
U. Paim
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

As indicated by thin-layer chromatography, hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon parr degraded DDT, absorbed from aqueous suspensions, to DDE and TDE within 9 hr. DDT adsorbed on external surfaces of the salmon was not degraded.

Potential for dispersal of Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) by sea-running stages of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): field and laboratory studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnulf Soleng ◽  
Tor A Bakke ◽  
Lars P Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Water Dispersal ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Salmon Smolt

Population growth of Gyrodactylus salaris increased exponentially on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in laboratory experiments conducted at 12.0°C. Furthermore, G. salaris was transmitted successfully from salmon smolt to parr at 0.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 20.0%° salinity and reproduced in fresh water after direct transfer from 7.5%° (16 days), 20.0%° (4 and 8 h), and 33.0%° (5, 15, and 30 min). No G. salaris were observed on salmon parr exposed to 33.0%° for 60 min. The prevalence of G. salaris on wild salmon smolts caught approximately 25 km from the river mouth in the Drammensfjord (surface salinity 2.0-3.5%°) was 71.2% compared with 88.0% on those from the neighbouring River Lierelva. Adult wild salmon caught as prespawners, spawners, and postspawners (kelts) in the River Drammenselva were infected with G. salaris. The prevalence and abundance increased from autumn to spring, in contrast with earlier studies on salmon parr, demonstrating the possible importance of adult salmon as reservoirs for G. salaris during winter. The results support the hypothesis of brackish water dispersal of G. salaris by infected salmonids migrating in estuaries and fjords. The use of salt as a disinfectant against G. salaris in hatcheries, and the stocking of possibly infected fish into brackish and seawater, should also be reexamined.

Migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in a large hydropower reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1463-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda B. Babin ◽  
Mouhamed Ndong ◽  
Katy Haralampides ◽  
Stephan Peake ◽  
Ross Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Model Migration ◽  
Migratory Timing ◽  
Hydropower Reservoir ◽  
Additional Losses

Migration rates, delay, timing, and success of acoustic-tagged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) presmolts (n = 120) and smolts (n = 57) are reported as they moved through the large Mactaquac Generating Station (MGS) reservoir and subsequently the lower Saint John River (SJR). The potential relationship between fish movements and the MGS operations was examined directly and via a hydrodynamic model. Migration rates were 15.4–29.3 km·day−1 within the river sections and 5.0–13.3 km·day−1 through the reservoir, a significant reduction of 32%–57%. Migratory timing was temporally mismatched with dam operations such that only a few (n = 3) smolts had the option of dam passage via spill. Migration success estimated as apparent survival was high through the reservoir (81%–100%), declined by 8%–32% during passage at the MGS, and additional losses (27%–55%) occurred during the migration to the lower SJR, such that overall survival to the estuary for the groups tagged as autumn presmolts was 61%–65%, and survival for those tagged as spring smolts was 6%–10%.

Energy-related juvenile winter mortality in a northern population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2358-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders G Finstad ◽  
Ola Ugedal ◽  
Torbjørn Forseth ◽  
Tor F Næsje
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Successive Sampling ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Body Energy

By comparing the population frequency distributions for specific somatic energy between samplings using quantile–quantile (QQ) plots, we tested for energy-related mortality of juvenile (2- and 3-year-old) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sampled at monthly intervals throughout three consecutive winters in a Norwegian river located at 70°N. Between several of the sampling periods, changes in the distributions of specific energy were observed corresponding to removal of low-energy individuals. By using energetic modelling we demonstrated that metabolic processes or feeding could not be responsible for the shifts in the shape of the energy distributions and that negative-energy-dependent mortality was the most likely explanation for the observations. No changes in mean size of the fish or in the shape of the size distributions were observed between successive sampling periods, indicating that mortality was linked to levels of storage energy rather than to body size per se. Our study indicated a critical body energy level for survival of juvenile salmon at approximately 4400–4800 J·g–1, corresponding to a depletion of storage lipids.

Effects of silt and very fine sand dynamics in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) redds on embryo hatching success

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1450-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mylène Levasseur ◽  
Normand E Bergeron ◽  
Michel F Lapointe ◽  
Francis Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Fine Sediment ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Local Intensity

We conducted a 2-year field experiment examining the survival to hatching of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in relation to the seasonal and spatial variations of silt and very fine sand (SVFS; <0.125 mm) content within a large set of artificial redds at two spawning sites of the Sainte-Marguerite River, Quebec, Canada. Each artificial redd consisted of an infiltration cube (30 cm × 30 cm × 20 cm) buried in a morpho-sedimentological unit resembling a salmon redd. One hundred fertilized Atlantic salmon eggs were inserted in a number of infiltration cubes during redd construction. The results indicate no significant relation between survival to hatching in spring and values of the sand index or total percent fine sediment <2 mm in redds at that time. However, the proportion of SVFS in the redds explained 83% of the variation in embryo survival, with a threshold at approximately 0.2% SVFS, above which survival dropped sharply below 50%. Infiltration of these very fine fractions mostly occurred under ice cover, during the low-flow winter period. However, during the spring flood period, infiltration-flushing patterns varied spatially and reflected spatial differences in local intensity of bed-load transport and fine sediment availability.

Selection by Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) of Shade Related to Water Depth

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. John Gibson ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Salmon Parr

Salmon parr and small brook trout were observed in two stream tanks providing choices of cover. One tank was shallow (24–29 cm) and the other deep (43–50 cm). In the shallow tank brook trout occurred most frequently in shade. When salmon were the sole species, they were most frequently in shade, but were mostly away from shade in the presence of trout. This selection for shade was not evident by either species in the deep tank.

Influence of Body Size on Silvering of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) at Parr–Smolt Transformation

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Johnston ◽  
J. G. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Negligible Influence ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

Large yearling Atlantic salmon parr turn silvery more quickly than small parr when held under a series of controlled temperature and photoperiod regimes. Photoperiod appeared to exert a negligible influence on silvering, and water temperature was the main controlling variable.

Effects of ice on behaviour of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1488-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommi Linnansaari ◽  
Richard A. Cunjak
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
Ice Period ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

The behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr was compared among three periods of winter (pre-ice period, PI; period of subsurface ice, SSI; period of surface ice, SI). Salmon parr remained nocturnal regardless of the ice conditions. The level of nocturnal activity was similar during PI and SI periods but was significantly reduced during the SSI period. Immobility was also highest during the SSI period, but was only partly attributable to salmon parr being trapped under ice. No differences in daytime activity among ice periods were observed. Two nocturnal movement tactics were observed: (i) “emerge–settle–return” and (ii) “emerge–move–return”. The tactics were used similarly during PI and SSI periods, but the “move” tactic was predominant during the SI period. Atlantic salmon parr showed a strong tendency to return to their “home stone” after a period of activity. Homing was reduced during the SSI period, but the distance moved to a new home stone was typically <10 m. In general, salmon parr were able to cope well with subsurface and surface ice.

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