Theoretical Study of N-Heterocyclic-Carbene–ZnX2 (X = H, Me, Et) Complexes

This article discusses the properties of as many as 30 carbene–ZnX2 (X = H, Me, Et) complexes featuring a zinc bond C⋯Zn. The group of carbenes is represented by imidazol-2-ylidene and its nine derivatives (labeled as IR), in which both hydrogen atoms of N-H bonds have been substituted by R groups with various spatial hindrances, from the smallest Me, iPr, tBu through Ph, Tol, and Xyl to the bulkiest Mes, Dipp, and Ad. The main goal is to study the relationship between type and size of R and X and both the strength of C⋯Zn and the torsional angle of the ZnX2 plane with respect to the plane of the imidazol-2-ylidene ring. Despite the considerable diversity of R and X, the range of dC⋯Zn is quite narrow: 2.12–2.20 Å. On the contrary, D0 is characterized by a fairly wide range of 18.5–27.4 kcal/mol. For the smallest carbenes, the ZnX2 molecule is either in the plane of the carbene or is only slightly twisted with respect to it. The twist angle becomes larger and more varied with the bulkier R. However, the value of this angle is not easy to predict because it results not only from the presence of steric effects but also from the possible presence of various interatomic interactions, such as dihydrogen bonds, tetrel bonds, agostic bonds, and hydrogen bonds. It has been shown that at least some of these interactions may have a non-negligible influence on the structure of the IR–ZnX2 complex. This fact should be taken into account in addition to the commonly discussed R⋯X steric repulsion.

The brine depth of the Khorat Basin in Thailand as indicated by high-resolution Br profile

Bromine contents of a 17-cm halite core from drilling hole of K203 in the Khorat Basin were analysed at 1 cm intervals (17 samples in total). The Br contents range from 99 to 184 ppm with a rapid variation. The K/Mg ratios of halite samples are tens of times higher than those of primary halite fluid inclusions. There is no positive correlation between Mg and Br contents, suggesting that fluid inclusions impose very little or negligible influence on Br contents of halites. The Br contents are not controlled by potash minerals either because the SEM examination shows no potash minerals and there is no relationship between K and Br contents. The Br contents of halite are thus primarily controlled by the Br concentrations of parent brines. The rapid variation of Br contents of halite within this section suggests a shallow saline pan wherein the giant Khorat evaporites were formed. This is contradictory to previous Br profiles of the Lower Salt Member which showed relatively stable and continuously increasing trends. The shallow saline pan model evidenced by high-resolution Br profile is consistent with sedimentary facies and salt mineral textures.

Visible Light Mediated Synthesis of Rutaecarpine Alkaloids Through C-N Cross-coupling Reaction

A visible-light-initiated cross-dehydrogenative-coupling amination is described, featuring metal- and photocatalyst-free, at room temperature, and using air as an oxidant. The reaction provides a facile approach for the synthesis of rutaecarpine and its derivatives. The substrates with electron-withdrawing groups give higher yields than those with electron-donating groups, but the substituent position has a negligible influence on the yield. Using binaphthyl-diyl hydrogen phosphate and dibenzyl phosphate as catalysts both deliver satisfying yields.This straight-forward light-driven strategy might be applicable to the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives.

DISADVANTAGES OF HEIGHT ACCURACY REGULATION IN SP 121.13330.2019 "AERODROMES", ACTUALIZED EDITION SNiP 32-03–96

Based on the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents governing the ful-fillment of engineering and geodetic surveys for construction, the disadvantages of standardizing the accuracy of heights in SP 121.13330.2019 "Aerodromes", actualized edition SNiP 32-03–96 are con-sidered. Attention is drawn to the ambiguity of the given norms for the accuracy of heights, which leads to their free interpretation when calculating the accuracy of the alignment base, the internal alignment network, layout work, and control geodetic measurements. Doubts are expressed to their validity. To illustrate the application of the established accuracy standards, there is given an example of calculating the accuracy of high-altitude layout works and control geodetic measurements, internal high-altitude layout networks and a grid base when constructing structural layers of artificial founda-tions and aerodrome coatings using the "negligible influence" method and taking into account the ac-curacy of technological processes. Here are suggestions on improving the quality of standardization of the accuracy of heights for the construction of airdromes.

Beyond halo mass: quenching galaxy mass assembly at the edge of filaments

We examine how the mass assembly of central galaxies depends on their location in the cosmic web. The Horizon-AGN simulation is analysed at z ∼ 2 using the DisPerSE code to extract multi-scale cosmic filaments. We find that the dependency of galaxy properties on large-scale environment is mostly inherited from the (large-scale) environmental dependency of their host halo mass. When adopting a residual analysis that removes the host halo mass effect, we detect a direct and non-negligible influence of cosmic filaments. Proximity to filaments enhances the build-up of stellar mass, a result in agreement with previous studies. However, our multi-scale analysis also reveals that, at the edge of filaments, star formation is suppressed. In addition, we find clues for compaction of the stellar distribution at close proximity to filaments. We suggest that gas transfer from the outside to the inside of the haloes (where galaxies reside) becomes less efficient closer to filaments, due to high angular momentum supply at the vorticity-rich edge of filaments. This quenching mechanism may partly explain the larger fraction of passive galaxies in filaments, as inferred from observations at lower redshifts.

Modelling of Flood Inundation due to Levee Breaches: Sensitivity of Flood Inundation against Breach Process Parameters

This paper analyses the sensitivity of flood inundation due to river levee breach against breach process parameters using the 1996 Awash River levee breach case at Wonji, Ethiopia. A parametric levee breach model integrated into the 2D hydrodynamic numerical model Telemac-2D is used to simulate a levee breach flood event at Wonji, Ethiopia. Levee breach process parameters are systemically varied to find out their effect on the flood inundation. The analysis of the model results shows that the flood inundation is sensitive to the final breach dimensions and breach location. However, the parameters describing the levee breach development have negligible influence on the flood inundation. This implies that final breach dimension and breach location in an event of levee breach are the most important and decisive parameters affecting the resulting inundation of the flood plain, and as such should be given due consideration when creating flood inundation maps due to levee breach.

The Effect of Parties on Voters’ Satisfaction with Democracy

Electoral ‘winners’ (i.e., voters casting a ballot for a party included in the post-electoral government) are acknowledged to be more satisfied with democracy than supporters of opposition parties. However, little is known about the influence of parties and their specifics on the boost in satisfaction with democracy experienced by their voters. To address this question, the research utilizes 17 surveys from 12 countries included in the European Social Survey rounds 1–8, for which a government replacement took place during the survey period. This allows this research to employ discontinuity design and examine the effect of two attributes related to parties—differences in party vote shares, and voters’ feeling of closeness to a party. The findings suggest that these factors have a negligible influence on voters’ satisfaction with democracy and only scant evidence is found that closeness to a party tends to increase their satisfaction. When voters’ attitudes from before and after a government replacement are compared, changes in government do not seem to strike voters as a surprise and thus they do not cause any sudden and lasting changes in the general attitudes of electorates. Nevertheless, this indicates a novel contribution to the literature: the effect of losing needs some time to fully develop until it results in a decrease in satisfaction level. Based on these findings, the research concludes that when it comes to parties’ characteristics, it is primarily the government/opposition status which determines voters’ degree of satisfaction with democracy.

The study of the generalized boson oscillator in a chiral conical space–time

Our work mainly study the relativistic generalized boson oscillator namely generalized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau (DKP) oscillator with the function [Formula: see text] considered as the Cornell potential under the chiral conical space–time background. We obtain the wave function and energy spectrum of radial equation by using commonly used the Nikiforov–Uvarov method. It is shows that the energy spectrum of the generalized DKP oscillator depend explicitly on the angular deficit [Formula: see text], related rotation parameter [Formula: see text] and torsion parameter [Formula: see text], which characterize the global structure of the metric in the chiral conical space–time. In addition, the Cornell potential parameters [Formula: see text] have non-negligible influence on the energy spectrum of the studied systems.