Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2002-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Jacobson ◽  
Heinz G. Stefan ◽  
Donald L. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Minnesota Lakes ◽  
Total P

An empirical model was developed that describes the influence of lake productivity, climate, and morphometry on coldwater fish oxythermal habitat. An oxythermal habitat variable called temperature at 3 mg·L–1 of dissolved oxygen (TDO3) was developed by interpolating the water temperature at a benchmark oxygen concentration (3 mg·L–1) from a temperature–oxygen profile. Coldwater habitat was most available in the least productive lakes (total P < 25 µg·L–1) with the greatest relative depths (geometry ratios < 2 m–0.5) and where mean July air temperatures were less than 17 °C. Species response curves were developed from values of TDO3 measured during the greatest period of oxythermal stress in late summer (maxTDO3). Lake trout was present in lakes with the lowest values of maxTDO3, while cisco was present in lakes with the highest and broadest range of maxTDO3. Projections for a scenario where climate warming (+4 °C in mean July air temperature) was accompanied by eutrophication (doubling of total P) indicated that coldwater fish oxythermal habitat would be devastated in a subset of lakes typical for Minnesota. Protecting deep, unproductive lakes from eutrophication will be a necessary management strategy to ensure that coldwater fish persist in at least some Minnesota lakes after climate warming.

Projected impacts of climate warming on production of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in southern Yukon lakes

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody L Mackenzie-Grieve ◽  
John R Post
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Thermocline Depth ◽  
Lake Surface ◽  
Thermal Habitat ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Mean Annual Air Temperature

We used existing models to predict changes in lake surface temperature and thermocline depth, in combination with a newly developed model to describe lake thermal profiles, to determine how thermal properties of a series of lakes located predominantly in the southern Yukon could change under three realistic climate-warming scenarios. We then used existing models to determine how relative changes in potential harvest of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in southern Yukon lakes could change as availability of optimal thermal habitat was altered under the three warming scenarios. With warming, an overall decrease in availability of optimal thermal habitat and in lake trout potential harvest is predicted in southern Yukon lakes, although considerable lake-specific variation in direction and magnitude of change exists. For southern Yukon lakes overall, 2, 4, and 6 °C increases in mean annual air temperature lead to 12%, 35%, and 40% decreases in thermal habitat volume, respectively, and 8%, 19%, and 23% reductions in potential harvest, respectively.

Climate change modulates structural and functional lake ecosystem responses to introduced anadromous salmon

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Selbie ◽  
Jon N. Sweetman ◽  
Peter Etherton ◽  
Kim D. Hyatt ◽  
D. Paul Rankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Lake Ecology ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Functioning

We integrated limnological, paleolimnological, and fisheries analyses in Tuya Lake, British Columbia, Canada, to explore the effects and interactions of climate warming and sockeye salmon introductions on northern lake ecology. We tracked millennially unprecedented, climate-correlated changes in inferred lake production, stratification, and trophic structure since the mid-1800s, most likely resulting from declining ice cover and enhanced stratification. Post-1970s algal (diatom) species turnover, coeval across several remote northern Cordilleran lakes, marked an apparent increase in warming and the induction of inferred nitrogen deficiencies in Tuya Lake. Lower post-stocking phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and a strong P-modeled salmon biomass correlation (r2 = 0.87) indicated salmon production reduced epilimnetic nutrient availability. Post-stocking chlorophyll reductions, late-summer algal dominance by heterocystous cyanobacteria and low-N-tolerant diatoms, and a strong chlorophyll-modeled salmon biomass correlation (r2 = 0.87) indicated that salmon influenced lake productivity, most likely by enhancing climate-induced N-deficiencies. Predicted smolt-biomass nutrient exports were minimal, with post-introduction nutrient reductions likely related to planktivory and enhanced sedimentation losses. Our study highlights how climate warming changes northern lake ecosystem structure and functioning, influencing responses to subsequent stresses.

scholarly journals A Method for Experimental Warming of Developing Tree Seeds With A Common Garden Demonstration of Seedling Responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehren Reid Von Moler ◽  
Gerald Page ◽  
Lluvia Flores-Renteria ◽  
Cory Garms ◽  
Julia Hull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Seedling Performance ◽  
Tree Seeds ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract BackgroundForest dieback driven by rapid climate warming threatens ecosystems worldwide. The health of forested ecosystems depends on how tree species respond to warming during all life history stages. While it is known that seed development is temperature-sensitive, little is known about possible effects of climate warming on seed development and subsequent seedling performance. Exposure of seeds to high air temperatures may influence subsequent seedling performance negatively, though conversely, warming during seed development may aid acclimation of seedlings to subsequent thermal stress. Technical challenges associated with in-situ warming of developing tree seeds limit understanding of how tree species may respond to seed development in a warmer climate. ResultsWe developed and validated a simple method for passively warming seeds as they develop in tree canopies to enable controlled study of climate warming on seedling performance. We quantified thermal effects of the cone-warming method across individual pine trees and stands by measuring the air temperature surrounding seed cones using thermal loggers and the temperature of seed cone tissue using thermocouples. We then investigated seedling phenotypes in relation to the warming method through a common garden study. We assessed plant morphological, physiological, and mycorrhizal nodulation in response to cone-warming for 20 seed source trees on the San Francisco Peaks in northern Arizona, USA. The warming method increased air temperature surrounding developing seed cones by 2.1◦C, a plausible increase in mean air temperature by 2050 under current climate projections. Notable effect sizes of cone-warming were detected for seedling root length, shoot length, and diameter at root collar using Cohen’s Local f 2. Root length was most affected by cone-warming, however, effect sizes of cone-warming on root length and diameter at root collar became negligible after the first year of growth. Cone-warming had small but significant effects on mycorrhizal fungal richness and seedling multispectral near-infrared indices indicative of plant health. ConclusionsThe method was shown to reliably elevate the temperature surrounding seed cones and thereby facilitate experimental in-situ climate change research on forest trees. The method was furthermore shown to influence plant traits that may affect seedling performance under climate warming.

Gradient analysis of remnant True and Upper Coastal Prairie grasslands of North America

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2152-2161 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Diamond ◽  
Fred E. Smeins
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Andropogon Gerardii ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Coastal Prairie ◽  
Species Response ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Decrease ◽  
Components Analysis

Sixty-three upland True and Upper Coastal Prairie grasslands were sampled for vegetation composition and soil variables. The first axis from principal components analysis produced a south to north arrangement of stands along which temperature and precipitation decrease and soil organic matter increases (P < 0.0001). The second principal components analysis axis was related to a soils gradient, primarily within Texas communities, which had more varied soils than grasslands to the north. Species response curves against the first axis showed a continual replacement from north to south, with Schizachyrium scoparium and Paspalum plicatulum dominants in the south, Andropogon gerardii more important in central and northern communities, and Stipa spartea and Sporobolus heterolepis important in the north. The C3/C4 ratio of grasses increased rapidly northward from Nebraska. Species diversity and richness did not vary greatly and showed nonsignificant correlations with environmental variables across this latitudinal gradient. Stand relationships from cluster analysis corresponded with the results of principal components analysis, and based on these analyses, plus a review of the literature, seven community types were recognized. Five form a continuum, across which Andropogon gerardii increases northward and Schizachyrium scoparium increases southward, while two are limited to high-precipitation areas of north Texas.

Does Climate Warming Stimulate or Inhibit Soil Protist Communities? A Test on Testate Amoebae in High-Arctic Tundra with Free-Air Temperature Increase

Protist ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Tsyganov ◽  
Ivan Nijs ◽  
Louis Beyens
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Arctic Tundra ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Free Air

Testing a Naive Snow Theory Against a Physically Based Model: Sensitivity of Global Mountain Snow Regimes to Increased Air Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Woods ◽  
Juan Ignacio López Moreno ◽  
Esteban Alonso-Gonzalez ◽  
Jesus Revuelto ◽  
Joshua Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Physically Based Model ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Potential Benefits

&lt;p&gt;Mountain snow regimes will be significantly altered by climate warming, resulting in shallower snowpacks whose duration is also reduced. The sensitivity of snowpacks to a unit of air temperature warming depends strongly on climate; in addition, for a given climate, the sensitivity also depends on the details of energy balance partitioning. A synthesis of these factors remains challenging. Here we evaluate to what extent a na&amp;#239;ve theory of snowpack response to warming can reproduce the sensitivity which is calculated by a detailed physically based model of the snowpack (Snobal), applied to a diverse global set of mountain locations. Our hypothesis is that the na&amp;#239;ve theory will adequately predict the range of snow sensitivity values across diverse climates, but not the additional impacts of inter-site differences in energy partitioning for a given climate. The potential benefits of the na&amp;#239;ve theory are that it enables a significant reduction of the uncertainty of snowpack sensitivity, and an improved conceptual understanding of the impacts of climate parameters (e.g. the seasonality and fluctuations of temperature and precipitation) on snowpack accumulation and melt-sensitivity under warming climates.&lt;/p&gt;

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