Radioisotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry in Aquatic Biology: A Review

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Calaprice ◽  
H. M. McSheffrey ◽  
L. A. Lapi
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is described as an efficient means of carrying out non-destructive qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses of inorganic substances. A brief review is presented on the way in which this methodology was developed to recognize marked individuals and its application towards determining the geographic origin of organisms using multivariate analysis of the trace element composition of untagged animals. In addition, the results of experiments in which 34 species of invertebrates were compared and different parts of the same organisms irradiated, demonstrated that organisms may possess characteristic elemental compositions that are species specific. Multiple discriminant function analysis of the data showed that species may be classified on the basis of their chemical composition with few errors. Winter and summer growth of molluscan shells were distinguishable by the same method of elemental analysis, and a method for determining the age of organisms is given. Stepwise discriminant function analysis of the groups of elemental standards demonstrate that it is possible to isolate the most significant differences found between the groups compared by this methodology. The importance of these findings to studies in biogeochemistry, physiology, and pollution are briefly reviewed. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is considered to be one of a number of related forms of data acquisition systems, each with broad applications.

A New Approach to Dating the League of the Iroquois

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Kuhn ◽  
Martha L. Sempowski
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
New Approach ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Time Periods

When did the League of the Five Nations Iroquois originate? This study presents a new approach to answering this age-old question. Compositional data were collected on ceramics (pottery and smoking pipes) from Seneca and Mohawk sites in an attempt to identify and reconstruct exchange and interaction patterns between these two widely separated League members. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) spectrometry were employed to collect data on 15 elements. Using pottery as a baseline for each area, pipe data were utilized in a discriminant-function analysis to identify exotic pipes in Seneca assemblages from different time periods. The investigation focused on pipes because they were a probable item of exchange and because the symbolism of pipes and tobacco made smoking an important part of Iroquoian political protocol. Results showed that Mohawk pipes first occurred in Seneca assemblages sometime between A.D. 1590 and A.D. 1605. This is considered likely to reflect the inception of peaceful political relations between these two groups brought about by the final coalescence of the Iroquois Five Nations Confederacy. The approach developed for this study employed nondestructive analytical techniques applied to common classes of ceramic artifacts. As such, the methodology should be broadly applicable to other studies of interaction and exchange in this and other regions.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

scholarly journals Description of Echolocation Call Parameters for Urban Bats in Vietnam as a Step Towards a More Integrated Acoustic Monitoring of Urban Wildlife in Southeast Asia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Long Kim Pham ◽  
Bang Van Tran ◽  
Quy Tan Le ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Christian C. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Echolocation Call ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This study is the first step towards more systematic monitoring of urban bat fauna in Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries by collecting bat echolocation call parameters in Ho Chi Minh and Tra Vinh cities. We captured urban bats and then recorded echolocation calls after releasing in a tent. Additional bat’s echolocation calls from the free-flying bats were recorded at the site where we captured bat. We used the obtained echolocation call parameters for a discriminant function analysis to test the accuracy of classifying these species based on their echolocation call parameters. Data from this pilot work revealed a low level of diversity for the studied bat assemblages. Additionally, the discriminant function analysis successfully classified bats to four bat species with an accuracy of >87.4%. On average, species assignments were correct for all calls from Taphozous melanopogon (100% success rate), for 70% of calls from Pipistrellus javanicus, for 80.8% of calls from Myotis hasseltii and 67.3% of calls from Scotophilus kuhlii. Our study comprises the first quantitative description of echolocation call parameters for urban bats of Vietnam. The success in classifying urban bats based on their echolocation call parameters provides a promising baseline for monitoring the effect of urbanization on bat assemblages in Vietnam and potentially also other Southeast Asian countries.

Mineralogy of Egyptian Bentonitic Clays I: Discriminant Function Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Agha ◽  
Ray E. Ferrell ◽  
George F. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Function Analysis

Using discriminant function analysis to identify Holocene tephras based on magnetite composition: a case study from the Sunwapta Pass area, Jasper National Park

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Beaudoin ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Jasper National Park ◽  
Multivariate Method ◽  
Reference Samples

The magnetite composition from three sets of samples of Mazama, St. Helens set Y, and Bridge River tephras from Jasper and Banff national parks are used to test whether discriminant function analysis can unambiguously distinguish these tephras. The multivariate method is found to be very sensitive to the change in reference samples. St. Helens set Y tephra is clearly distinguished. However, discrimination between Mazama and Bridge River tephras is less distinct. A set of unknown tephras from the Sunwapta Pass area was used to test the classification schemes. Unknown tephras are assigned to different tephra types depending on which reference tephra set is used in the discriminant function analysis.

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