Distribution of Dehydroabietic Acid in Sediments Adjacent to a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brownlee ◽  
M. E. Fox ◽  
W. M. J. Strachan ◽  
S. R. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill

Sediments adjacent to a kraft pulp and paper mill on western Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior, were examined for resin acids. Dehydroabietic acid was the predominant resin acid with surficial concentrations of less than 5–100 μg/g.The areal distribution indicated the mill to be the primary source of this compound. Depth profiles of the acid and core dating by 210Pb methods enabled the calculation of a mean sediment accumulation rate of 0.11 cm∙yr−1 and a half-life for the disappearance of dehydroabietic acid in the sediments of approximately 21 yr. A half-life of 0.12 yr was estimated for this compound in the water column. It appears, therefore, that the primary removal mechanism of dehydroabietic acid is degradation in the water column.

Removal and Transformation of Resin Acids during Secondary Treatment at a New Zealand Bleached Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Zender ◽  
T. R. Stuthridge ◽  
A. G. Langdon ◽  
A. L. Wilkins ◽  
K. L. Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp

Investigations were undertaken on a full scale lagoon treatment system receiving effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill which processed softwoods. The system was examined over four phases, including lagoons, aerobic transport channels and the recipient discharge point to determine the removal efficiency of resin acids during effluent treatment. The total treatment system removed 96% of the influent resin acids. The major compounds remaining after treatment were abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, and a variety of hydrogenated resin acid transformation products. Each section of the treatment system differed in its ability to remove the major classes of resin acids. For example, the average removal rates for resin acids within the first phase lagoons and of the channel leaving the lagoons were 1.2 and 17 g.kg-1 VSS.day-1, respectively. A pathway for the biodegradation and biotransformation of influent resin acids is proposed on the basis of the observed changes in effluent composition through the treatment system.

Kinleithic Acid: a New Hydroxylated Resin Acid From the Biological Treatment System of a New Zealand Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Wilkins ◽  
AG Langdon ◽  
GN Mills ◽  
SS Panadam ◽  
TR Stuthridge
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Biological Treatment System

A new hydroxylated resin acid from the biologically treated effluents of a New Zealand pulp and paper mill has been identified as 13 β-hydroxyabietan-18-oic acid. This hydroxy acid appears to be an anaerobic degradation product of abietic acid.

Biochemistry and Ecology of Resin Acid Biodegradation in Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Treatment Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Mohn ◽  
Vincent J. J. Martin ◽  
Zhongtang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Pathway ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents

A better understanding of the mechanisms and ecology of resin acid biodegradation will contribute to improved performance of existing treatment systems and development of new treatment systems for pulp and paper mill effluents. Using molecular genetic methods, we have partially elucidated the biochemical pathway for degradation of abietane resin acids by Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9. We identified genes encoding putative membrane-associated proteins that are required for abietane metabolism. These proteins may function in cellular uptake of, or response to, resin acids. Genetic and physiological evidence suggests that a monooxygenase is involved in the biochemical pathway. A quantitative PCR assay was developed for ditA1, a gene from BKME-9 encoding resin acid degradation. In an aerated lagoon treating pulp mill effluent, a population carrying ditA1 was found, which was a small fraction (10−7) of the total microbial community. This population was evenly distributed throughout the system and was a stable member of the community over time. Quantitative PCR assays were used to monitor Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9 and Zoogloea resiniphila DhA-35 when they were separately used to inoculate a complex microbial communities in laboratory sequencing batch reactors. Both inocula were stably maintained in the community for 24 days. These inocula stimulated resin acid removal by the community when it was stressed by high pH or by high resin acid loading.

Distribution of Some Organic Compounds in the Receiving Waters of a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brownlee ◽  
W. M. J. Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

Water, seston, sediment, and macrophyte samples were collected from Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior at distances up to 6.8 km from the effluent discharge of a kraft pulp and paper mill at Red Rock, Ontario. Fifteen compounds have been identified in mill effluent and six of these were found in samples from the Bay. Mill-related compounds were found most often in water and sediment samples, less often in seston samples, and in none of the macrophytes samples. Dehydroabietic acid, present in mill effluent in excess of 1 mg/ℓ, was found in most water and sediment samples and a few seston samples. This compound is a good indicator of the areal influence of the effluent. Palmitic acid and dioctyl phthalate were also widely distributed. Acetovanillone and sandaracopimaric acid were found in one water sample 1.0 km from the discharge. 7-oxodehydroabietic acid was found in five water samples at distances of up to 4.7 km from the discharge. This is apparently the first time that this compound has been reported in a mill effluent or in environmental samples.

Selected resin acids in effluent and receiving waters derived from a bleached and unbleached kraft pulp and paper mill

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Quinn ◽  
Matthew M. Booth ◽  
Joseph J. Delfino ◽  
Stewart E. Holm ◽  
Timothy S. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Receiving Waters

Microbiology and biodegradation of resin acids in pulp mill effluents: a minireview

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Liss ◽  
Paul A. Bicho ◽  
John N. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Resin acids, a group of diterpenoid carboxylic acids present mainly in softwood species, are present in many pulp mill effluents and toxic to fish in recipient waters. They are considered to be readily biodegradable. However, their removal across biological treatment systems has been shown to vary. Recent studies indicate that natural resin acids and transformation products may accumulate in sediments and pose acute and chronic toxicity to fish. Several resin acid biotransformation compounds have also been shown to bioaccumulate and to be more resistant to biodegradation than the original material. Until recently, the microbiology of resin-acid degradation has received only scant attention. Although wood-inhabiting fungi have been shown to decrease the level of resin present in wood, there is no conclusive evidence that fungi can completely degrade these compounds. In contrast, a number of bacterial isolates have recently been described which are able to utilize dehydroabietic or isopimaric acids as their sole carbon source. There appears to be an unusually high degree of substrate specificity with respect to the utilization of abietane congeners and the presence of substituents. Pimaranes do not appear to be attacked to the same extent as the abietanes. This paper reviews the occurrence, chemistry, toxicity, and biodegradation of resin acids in relation to the biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents.Key words: resin acids, biodegradation, pulp mill effluents.

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