Hepatic Metallothionein in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) as an Indicator of Metal Pollution in the Campbell River System

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1596-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roch ◽  
J. A. McCarter ◽  
A. T. Matheson ◽  
M. J. R. Clark ◽  
R. W. Olafson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Differential Pulse Polarography ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Hepatic Metallothionein ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

Hepatic metallothionein was measured in livers of freshly killed rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) using differential pulse polarography. The fish were caught in metal-contaminated lakes of the Campbell River watershed and in a nearby control lake. The livers were analyzed for zinc, copper, and cadmium using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. High and low molecular weight protein fractions were separated by gel chromatography from liver cytosols and analyzed for metals. A downward trend from the most contaminated lake to the least was found in levels of zinc in the water, of cadmium and copper in high molecular weight fractions, and of copper in low molecular weight fractions and metallothionein. The concentration of metallothionein is a useful quantitative measure of the degree of exposure of fish to heavy metals.Key words: metallothionein, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri; heavy metal pollution, sublethal exposures, mine wastes

The Relation Between VIIIR:AG and VIII:C Studied with Two Antisera

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Muller ◽  
N. H. van Tilburg ◽  
R. M. Bertina ◽  
J. J. Veltkamp
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Sterical Hindrance ◽  
Inhibitory Antibodies

FVIII was separated into low molecular weight FVIII (LMW FVIII) and high molecular weight FVIII (HMW FVIII) by gel chromatography in the presence of high salt concentration or by high salt elution of LMW FVIII from FVIII bound to anti HMW FVII-Sepharose. Specific antibodies were raised in rabbits against HMW FVIII and LMW FVIII. After removal of the contaminating anti HMW activities the rabbit anti LMW FVIII was still able to neutralize the FVIII coagulant activity of normal plasma and of IMW FVIII with canparable efficiency and it had no effect on the VIIIR:WF of FVIII in normal plasma or in HMW FVIII. Anti LMW FVIII does not bind to HMW FVIII and does not precipitate FVIII as tested by counter immunoelectrophoresis. Rabbit anti HMW FVIII precipitates FVIII in normal plasma, inhibits VIIIR:WF activity, while it has no effect on the FVIII coagulant activity of LMW FVIII. The coagulant activity of FVIII in normal plasma is slightly inhibited by anti HMW FVIII presumably by non-specific effects (sterical hindrance). It is concluded that inhibitory antibodies against VIII:C raised in rabbits recognize antigenic structures only present on LMW FVIII. Antibodies against HMW FVIII raised in rabbits appears to recognize structures only present on HMW FVIII.

Applications of Algal Polysaccharides and Derivatives in Therapeutic and Agricultural Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soukaina Bouissil ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi ◽  
Philippe Michaud ◽  
C. El Modafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides ◽  
Agricultural Fertilizer

Background: Recently, researchers have given more and more consideration to natural polysaccharides thanks to their huge properties such as stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility for food and therapeutics applications. Methods: a number of enzymatic and chemical processes were performed to generate bioactive molecules, such as low molecular weight fractions and oligosaccharides derivatives from algal polysaccharides. Results: These considerable characteristics allow algal polysaccharides and their derivatives such as low molecular weight polymers and oligosaccharides structures to have great potential to be used in lots of domains, such as pharmaceutics and agriculture etc. Conclusion: The present review describes the mains polysaccharides structures from Algae and focuses on the currents agricultural (fertilizer, bio-elicitor, stimulators, signaling molecules and activators) and pharmaceutical (wound dressing, tissues engineering and drugs delivery) applications by using polysaccharides and/or their oligosaccharides derivatives obtained by chemical, physical and enzymatic processes.

Characterization of Elution Chromatography Fractions from CIS-Polybutadiene by GPC

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1439-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Smith ◽  
S. Thiruvengada
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Distribution ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Distributions ◽  
Weight Distributions ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Analytical Fractionation ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Elution Chromatography

Abstract A preparative fractionation of about 23 g of a commercial cis-polybutadiene rubber is described. The method employed was a solvent elution chromatographic method with very little temperature gradient. The molecular weight distributions of the fractions obtained were determined by an analytical fractionation of 20 mg of polymer. The method was similar to the preparative fractionation and involved solvent elution chromatography. The fractions obtained were assayed for quantity, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution by GPC. The low molecular weight fractions of the preparative fractionation had molecular weight distributions which could be closely approximated by two log normal distributions, the low molecular weight component having the narrower width. The ratio of weight to number average molecular weight was found to be about 1.1 for these samples. The higher molecular weight fractions could also be approximated by two log normal distributions; however, in these fractions the low molecular weight component had a very broad distribution but constituted only a small portion of the sample. The widths of the GPC curves of the fractions correlate satisfactorily with the molecular weight distributions found by the analytical refractionations. The GPC width is a sensitive criterion of the width of the molecular weight distribution even when only two columns are used. It is felt that the analytical fractionation procedure presented gives more detailed information on the molecular weight distribution than is easily obtainable from an ordinary GPC curve.

Postsynaptic block of a glutamatergic synapse by low molecular weight fractions of spider venom

1985 ◽  
Vol 339 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bateman ◽  
P. Boden ◽  
A. Dell ◽  
I.R. Duce ◽  
D.L.J. Quicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Spider Venom ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Glutamatergic Synapse ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

scholarly journals Low-molecular weight fractions of Japanese soy sauce act as a RAGE antagonist via inhibition of RAGE trafficking to lipid rafts

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Munesue ◽  
Yasuhiko Yamamoto ◽  
Ryouta Urushihara ◽  
Kouhei Inomata ◽  
Hidehito Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

scholarly journals Detection, purification and characterization of a human cancer-associated galactosyltransferase acceptor

1979 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D K Podolsky ◽  
M M Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Peptide Moiety ◽  
Cellulose Column

A low-molecular-weight acceptor of galactosyltransferase activity was detected in sera and effusions of patients with extensive maligant disease. This substance was purified to homogeneity from both human serum and effusion by using sequential charcoal/Celite and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The purified acceptor was shown to act as substrate for both purified normal and cancer-associated human galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22) isoenzymes, but had a higher affinity for the cancer-associated isoenzyme (Km = 20 microM) than for the normal isoenzyme (Km = 500 microM). The substrate was found to be a glycopeptide with mol.wt. approx. 3600 determined by polyacrylamide-gel chromatography. Carbohyydate analysis demonstrated only the presence of glucosamine and mannose. Amino acid analysis revealed that the peptide moiety consisted of eight different amino acids, including two residues of asparagine and one residue of serine, but no threonine. These structural data suggest that the acceptor is a fraction of an asparagine-glucosamine type of glycoprotein.

Fractionation of the Color of Pure Maple and Other Sirups by Gel Filtration

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
E E Stinson ◽  
C O Willits
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Maple Sugar ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Color Fraction

Abstract The colorants of pure maple, cane and maple, refined cane sugar, and light brown sugar sirups were separated into two fractions, one of high- and the other of lowmolecular weights, by means of gel filtration. The ratio of the amounts of high- to the low-molecular weight fractions of pure maple was the lowest of the four sirups and serves as a means of differentiation from these sirups. The color fraction ratio was highest for blended cane-maple sugar sirup. Many maple sirups are also distinguished by a pink band formed on the gel filtration column.

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