Perivitelline Fluid pH of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Eggs in Relation to Ambient pH

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2070-2073 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kügel ◽  
R. H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Ph Buffering ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perivitelline Fluid

In soft water of various pH levels, the perivitelline fluid of late eyed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs showed significant pH buffering: final perivitelline pH was higher than ambient by 0.7–0.85 pH unit in acidified water but was lower by 0.3–1.0 pH unit in weak acidified or basic water. No significant difference between the pH of an external buffer solution and that of the perivitelline fluid could be observed after 24 h. Most rapid perivitelline pH change occurred in the first 2 h and in the first 10–20 min, when eggs were transferred from acidified to weak acid or basic water and buffer, respectively. Final pH of the perivitelline fluid was reached after 48 h in unbuffered water and 24 h or less in buffer.

scholarly journals Micronucleus occurrence in diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Strunjak-Perovic ◽  
R. Coz-Rakovac ◽  
N. Topic Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the study was to observe the influence of different ploidy levels in fish on micronucleus occur­rence. Twenty minutes after fertilization, one group of rainbow trout eggs was exposed to water temperatures of 26°C in duration of 20 minutes to induce triploidy. Second group was kept in water temperature of 10°C, which is optimal for development of rainbow trout. The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes was determined in the peripheral circulation of rainbow trout 67 days (following absorption of the yolk – swim-up stage) and 128 days (fry stage) post fertilization. There was a significant difference (P < 0.001) between frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes of diploid (1.10 ± 0.96‰) and triploid (2.41 ± 1.28‰) fish at swim-up stage. Increased mean values of micronucleus in diploid (1.80 ± 1.57‰) and triploid (5.92 ± 3.80‰) fry were also recorded.

scholarly journals The Effect of Slaughtering Procedures on Blood Spotting in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Liviu MIHALCA ◽  
Mihaela TIŢA ◽  
Ana MIHALCA ◽  
Ovidiu TIŢA
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was submitted for various slaughter and bleeding procedures to see what effect this would have on blood drainage of the muscles. Results show that the bleeding method is of less importance, while it is the timing that is important. No significant difference in bloodspotting was observed between fish that were bled live by a gill cut or percussive killed and bled by gutting. Most of the drainage of blood in the fish muscle seems to occur within the first hours postmortem, so rigor mortis is of little importance. The visual appearance of the fillet was influenced by number and size of the bloodstains. Colour measurements with Hunter L*, a*, b* did not reveal this. We conclude that a gill cut is not necessarily to obtain bleeding, so the industry can omit this phase and go directly to gutting.

Physiological Responses of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Prolonged Exposure to Soft Water

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Perry ◽  
S. G. Reid ◽  
E. Wankiewicz ◽  
V. Iyer ◽  
K. M. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Influence of low temperature acclimation on fate of metabolic fuels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hearts

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bailey ◽  
William R. Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Precipitate Protein ◽  
Fuel Source

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were acclimated to 5 and 20 °C. Oxygen consumption of isolated perfused hearts was measured at 5 or 15 °C with either glucose or palmitate as the exogenous fuel source. With glucose as the fuel there was no significant difference in oxygen consumption of hearts from either acclimation group at either temperature. With palmitate as the fuel source, hearts from fish acclimated to and tested at 5 °C had significantly higher oxygen consumption than hearts from fish acclimated to 20 °C and tested at either 5 or 15 °C. Hearts from fish both acclimated to and tested at 5 °C had a higher oxygen consumption with palmitate than when glucose was supplied. This reflects the preference for fatty acid fuels found in cold acclimated muscle tissue, and consequently the amount of oxygen required to utilize fats. Under all experimental conditions, 14CO2 production from either (6-14C)glucose or (1-14C)palmitate could account for less than 0.5% of oxygen consumption. Tissue chemical analysis showed that most of the label from (6-14C)glucose appeared in acid-soluble (glycolytic intermediates, citric acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, etc.) and lipid fractions while most of the label from (1-14C)palmitate appeared in lipid- or acid-soluble or acid precipitate (protein material) fractions. This indicates considerable dilution of exogenous fuels in endogenous pools, which could account for the discrepancy in measured O2 consumption and 14CO2 production. Glucose catabolism was little affected by either acute or chronic changes in temperature other than an increase in glucose incorporation into the glycogen pool. Hearts from fish both acclimated to and tested at 5 °C showed an increased handling of exogenous fatty acids as reflected by elevated rates of catabolism and incorporation into intracellular lipids.

scholarly journals Influence of different meal sizes on growth characteristics of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Wal).

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Savic ◽  
Milanka Drinic ◽  
Bozo Vazic ◽  
Biljana Rogic
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
Average Individual

This paper presents the results of the effects of different sizes of meals (80%, 90%, 100%, 110% and 120% regarding the amount recommended by the food producer) on the growth characteristics of young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Wal.) aged from 2 to 3.5 months. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka for a period of 47 days. In the experiment, there were a total of 500 fish, divided into five groups, and placed in the 55-l aquarium with a constant flow of water and the aeration system. The main parameters of water quality were analyzed every day and they included: water temperature 12.64-12.76?C, content of dissolved oxygen 7.83-8.09 mg/l, saturation of water with oxygen 75.47-77.39% and pH value 7.224-7.268. In the end, the average individual weight and body length (?standard deviation) of young rainbow trout, regarding the experimental groups (EG), were reached: EG80 10.53?2.58 g and 9.94?0.76 cm, EG90 12.14?2.97 g and 10.45?0.86 cm, EG100 13.18?2.91 g and 10.67?0.82 cm, EG110 13.80?3.14 g and 10.82?0.78 cm, EG120 14.58?3.63 g and 10.81?1.11 cm. Statistically highly significant differences were found between the means of experimental groups (p <0,01). The coefficient of condition of young rainbow trout at the end of the experiment was similar in the treatments EG80, EG90, EG100 and EG110 (1.06 to 1.09), and it was the highest in the treatment EG120 (1,15?0,17). Generally, it can be said that increasing of the size of meals up to 10% above the recommended value does not cause significant differences, and if the increase is greater than 10%, statistically significant difference in body weight occurs.

Metabolic Costs and Physiological Consequences of Acclimation to Aluminum in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1: Acclimation Specificity, Resting Physiology, Feeding, and Growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod W. Wilson ◽  
Harold L. Bergman ◽  
Chris M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Negligible Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 5–13 g) became acclimated (i.e., increased their resistance to lethal Al levels, 162 μg∙L−1, pH 5.2) after only 5 d when exposed to sublethal AS (38 μg∙L−1) in acidified soft water (Na+ = 85, Ca2+ = 28 μEq∙L−1, pH 5.2). Acclimation was associated with reduced ionoregulatory and respiratory disturbances during lethal Al challenge and was maintained for at least 34 d. Acclimation was relatively specific to Al because no consistently improved resistance to lethal Cu (32 μg∙L−1, pH 5.2) was observed. Exposure to sublethal acid alone (pH 5.2) did not result in acclimation to lethal [H+] (pH 4.0) and caused a pronounced reduction in whole-body Na+ and Cl−. Sublethal acid + Al resulted in a more rapid loss of ions than sublethal acid alone over the first 10 d, but both groups subsequently recovered ionoregulatory status after 34 d. Exposure to sublethal acid alone had a negligible effect on feeding or growth. However, growth was impaired by 29% in Al-exposed trout, primarily the result of reduced appetite during the first 10 d. Decreased growth must be considered one of the costs of acclimation during chronic sublethal exposure to Al.

Protective effects of calcium against the physiological effects of exposure to a combination of cadmium and copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G Richards ◽  
Richard C Playle
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

We report that an elevated aqueous calcium (Ca) concentration protects against acute respiratory and osmoregulatory action due to exposure to a combination of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but does not protect against longer term ionoregulatory disruption. Trout exposed to 0.18 µM Cd and 0.80 µM Cu in soft water (40 µM Ca, 440 µM Na, pH 6.6) experienced a 60-torr decrease in arterial oxygen tension, a 5.5 mM increase in blood lactate concentration, and severe haemoconcentration as indicated by a 1.4-fold decrease in mean cell haemoglobin concentration, all of which occurred within 24 h. The addition of Ca to soft water (to reach 910 µM Ca, added as CaCl2; 430 µM Na, pH 6.8) eliminated these severe effects and slowed Cd uptake by the gills, plasma, and liver of trout, probably through competition for binding at gill Ca channels, but Ca did not affect Cu uptake by the gills or its entry into the plasma. Associated with slower Cd accumulation and unchanged Cu accumulation in the plasma were slow decreases in plasma concentrations of Na, Cl, and Ca, which were prevented initially by adding Ca to the water. Modelling using a modified aqueous chemistry computer program, MINEQL+, and previously published gill binding constants accurately simulated the initial (18 h) accumulation of Cd and Cu by trout gills and thus predicted acute toxicity, but our model did not adequately simulate the physiological mechanisms of Cd accumulation by trout gills over longer exposures up to 130 h.

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