Response and Recovery of Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Exposed to Fenitrothion

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1652-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Morgan ◽  
L. L. Fancey ◽  
J. W. Kiceniuk
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Technical Grade ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Operational Formulation ◽  
Brain Acetylcholinesterase

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were exposed to a number of concentrations of either technical grade fenitrothion or an operational formulation of the pesticide for 7 d or to the operational formulation for two, 24 h periods separated by 7 d. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity decreased as concentration, of fenitrothion increased. Recovery period was directly related to amount of depression, with recovery of AChE from exposure to 0.004 μL/L fenitrothion taking less than 1 wk. Samples must be taken soon after spray operations to detect exposure to such low levels of fenitrothion through AChE monitoring.

Mortality of smolt of atlantic salmon,Salmo salar L., at low levels of aluminium in acidic softwater

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odd K. Skogheim ◽  
Bjørn Olav Rosseland
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Low Levels

Changes in Plasma T4 and T3 Levels during Reconditioning and Rematuration in Male and Female Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Kelts Held in Freshwater under Two Photoperiod Regimes

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2443-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Eales ◽  
D. G. Cyr ◽  
K. Finnson ◽  
C. E. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Low Levels

The plasma level of L-thyroxine (T4) of wild reconditioned Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kelts held in freshwater at seasonal temperatures on a natural simulated photoperiod showed a robust seasonal profile with a marked peak in early spring followed by low levels throughout the summer. Plasma T4 was low in kelts that did not recondition and was uninfluenced by gender, eventual reproductive state, or imposition of a 6-mo compressed photocycle. The plasma 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) level also rose in spring in both males and females. In males and nonreproducing females, plasma T3 remained high during the growth phase in summer and decreased in fall and winter. Plasma T3 was very low in nonfeeding fish and showed some influence by the 6-mo compressed photocycle. Plasma T3 was particularly low in females at the time of vitellogenesis when 17β-estradiol was high. It is concluded that in reconditioned Atlantic salmon kelts, levels of plasma T4 and T3 appear to be controlled independently and that plasma T3 is more susceptible than T4 to vitellogenic state and other factors relating to metabolic demands.

scholarly journals Low levels of vitamin E in plasma from Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with acute infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN)

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Taksdal ◽  
T Poppe ◽  
T Sivertsen ◽  
HW Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Low Levels

Pathogenesis of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Swanson ◽  
James H. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Acinar Tissue

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry and yearling were found to undergo an active but subclinical infection following exposure to infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus. Eight-week-old Atlantic salmon fry were fed live virus and the mortality and virus concentration in these fry were recorded over a period of 78 d following exposure. Yearling Atlantic salmon were inoculated intraperitoneally with IPN virus and the concentration of virus in the pancreas–intestine, kidneys, spleen, liver, and gonads of inoculated fish was determined over a period of 74 d following inoculation. Virus first appeared in the fry 3 d postinoculation (DPI) and virus titers reached a peak by 8 DPI. Low levels of virus persisted in fry sampled 78 DPI. Virus first appeared in the pancreas–intestine of Atlantic salmon 12 h postinoculation (HPI) and was detected in the kidneys, liver, and spleen by 72 HPI. Peak virus titers were reached in the pancreas–intestine by 72 HPI. Both the pancreas–intestine and kidneys continued to support viral growth frequently and appeared to be important reservoirs of virus. At no time was virus isolated from the gonads of inoculated yearling. Histological examination of yearlings revealed degenerative changes in the pancreatic acinar tissue and in some cases focal necrosis in the liver. No histological abnormalities were found in IPN-infected fry. Key words: infectious pancreatic necrosis, Atlantic salmon, virus, histology

Estimating diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using fatty acid signature analyses; validation with controlled feeding studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Budge ◽  
Sarah N. Penney ◽  
Santosh P. Lall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Krill Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Signature ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Calibration Coefficients

Diets incorporating homogeneous binary mixtures of herring or krill oil were fed to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) for 22 weeks, and belly flap and muscle tissues were then analyzed for fatty acid (FA) composition. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) was able to estimate proportions of major dietary components within ∼10% of actual values, but the accuracy of the estimates depended on the FA set and calibration coefficients (CC) used in the modelling. FAs present at low levels had little influence on estimates, despite having only dietary sources; the FA set used in the modelling must incorporate the major FAs in tissues to ensure accurate estimates of diet. CC, which reflect modifications that consumers make to dietary FAs, were similar in the two tissues but varied with diet. When CC were applied to correct for fish metabolism, QFASA tended to overestimate the dietary component that had been fed to determine the CC. Diet estimates were most accurate when CC that had been developed from feeding the krill oil-based diet were applied. This first application of QFASA to fish therefore establishes a set of FAs and CC to begin to investigate diets of salmonids.

Effects of episodic acidification on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Magee ◽  
M Obedzinski ◽  
S D McCormick ◽  
J F Kocik
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Episodic Acidification ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Acidic Conditions

The effect of episodic acidification on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolt physiology and survival in fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW) was investigated. Smolts were held in either ambient (control, pH 6.0–6.6), acidified (chronic, pH 4.4–6.1), or episodically acidified (episodic, pH reduction from control levels to pH ~5.2 for 48 h once weekly) river water for 31 days and then transferred to 34‰ SW. Smolts fed little while in acidified conditions and chronic smolts did not grow in length or weight. In FW, chronic smolts experienced increases in hematocrit and plasma potassium and reductions in plasma sodium and chloride. Upon transfer to SW, chronic and episodic smolts experienced reductions in hematocrit, increases in plasma sodium, chloride, and potassium levels, and suffered mortalities. Gill Na+,K+-ATPase and citrate synthase activities were reduced by exposure to acid. For most parameters, the effect of episodic acid exposure was less than that of chronic acidification. Exposure to acidic conditions, even when short in duration and followed by a 30-h recovery period in suitable water (pH 6.5), led to a 35% mortality of smolts upon transfer to SW. This study highlights the importance of measuring and assessing sublethal stresses in FW and their ultimate effects in marine ecosystems.

Microstructure and texture of fresh and smoked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., fillets from fish reared and slaughtered under different conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjofn Sigurgisladottir ◽  
Margret S. Sigurdardottir ◽  
Helga Ingvarsdottir ◽  
Ole J. Torrissen ◽  
Hannes Hafsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Persistence of Orally Administered Salmonella enterica Serovars Agona and Montevideo in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1336-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. NESSE ◽  
T. LØVOLD ◽  
B. BERGSJØ ◽  
K. NORDBY ◽  
C. WALLACE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Gastric Intubation

The objective of our experiments was to study the persistence and dissemination of orally administered Salmonella in smoltified Atlantic salmon. In experiment 1, salmon kept at 15°C were fed for 1 week with feed contaminated with 96 most-probable-number units of Salmonella Agona per 100 g of feed and then starved for 2 weeks. Samples were taken from the gastrointestinal tract and examined for Salmonella 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 days after the feeding ended. In experiment 2, Salmonella Agona and Montevideo were separately mixed with feed and administered by gastric intubation. Each fish received 1.0 × 108, 1.0 × 106, or 1.0 × 104 CFU. The different groups were kept in parallel at 5 and 15°C and observed for 4 weeks. Every week, three fish in each group were sacrificed, and samples were taken from the skin, the pooled internal organs, the muscle, and the gastrointestinal tract and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The results from the two experiments showed that the persistence of Salmonella in the fish was highly dependent on the dose administered. Salmonella was not recovered from any of the fish that were fed for 1 week with the lowest concentration of Salmonella. In the fish given the highest dose of Salmonella, bacteria persisted for at least 4 weeks in the gastrointestinal tract as well as, to some extent, the internal organs. The present study shows that under practical conditions in Norway, the risk of Salmonella in fish feed being passed on to the consumer of the fish is negligible.

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