A Polymorphism in the Ribosomal RNA Genes Distinguishes Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from North America and Europe

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Cutler ◽  
Sylvia E. Bartlett ◽  
Sheila E. Hartley ◽  
William S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Breeding Populations

There is good evidence to suggest that Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from North America and Europe form distinct breeding populations. However, it has been very difficult to discover a genetic marker that allows the continent of origin of an individual salmon to be determined unambiguously. Repetitive elements in the nuclear genome have provided population-specific markers in several species. Therefore, we examined the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) complex in Atlantic salmon by Southern blot analysis using a cloned repeating unit of the Drosophila melanogaster rDNA as a probe. A restriction fragment length polymorphism that could distinguish between salmon from Newfoundland and Scotland was detected using a combination of the restriction enzymes SacI and XbaI. The Newfoundland salmon had additional fragments of 3.6 kilobase pairs (kbp) and 2.6 kbp. Of 27 salmon from 10 populations in Europe, none possessed the 3.6- or the 2.6-kbp fragment whereas all 33 North American Atlantic salmon (from six populations) had the 2.6-kbp band and the majority showed the 3.6-kbp fragment. This preliminary survey strongly suggests that this genetic marker can be used to identify the continent of origin of individual Atlantic salmon.

Differences in Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, from North America and Europe

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Nyman ◽  
J. H. C. Pippy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North American ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Differences in electropherograms produced by serum proteins and liver esterases were used to identify North American and European Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) caught at sea. Division of salmon according to continent of origin was supported by mean river age, mean fork length, and abundance of the two parasites Anisakis simplex and Eubothrium crassum. Consistent differences in electrophoretic behaviour of serum proteins and liver esterases in salmon from the two continents support the suggestion that salmon from North America and Europe represent different subspecies.

scholarly journals Comparative genomic analysis of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, from Europe and North America

BMC Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof P Lubieniecki ◽  
Stacy L Jones ◽  
Evelyn A Davidson ◽  
Jay Park ◽  
Ben F Koop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Spatial Correlations of Transferrin Allele Frequencies in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Populations from North America

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Verspoor
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Selective Forces

Existing analyses of spatial patterns of transferrin (Tf) allele frequency variation in anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from rivers in North America have not utilized all available data. Further analysis shows that a latitudinal dine in Tf-4 allele frequency previously reported is an artefact of a major regional difference between populations from Newfoundland/Labrador and those sampled elsewhere. Furthermore, the allele frequencies of populations outside Newfoundland/Labrador show a significant association with the proportion of spawning fish in the populations having spent only one winter at sea. Fequencies in Newfoundland/Labrador are collectively consistent with this relationship but by themselves show no similar correlation. These results, combined with previously reported differences between anadromous and nonanadromous fish, suggest that selective forces, which vary with life history pattern, may operate on the polymorphism.

Contrasts in development and smolting of genetically distinct sympatric anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim P. Birt ◽  
John M. Green ◽  
William S. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Breeding Populations

Parameters associated with the parr–smolt transformation were compared in cultured 1+ anadromous and nonanadromous Atlantic salmon derived from wild broodstock collected in Gambo River, Newfoundland. Progeny of nonanadromous salmon were significantly longer at swim-up than progeny of anadromous salmon, although consistent differences in growth performance were not observed during most of the 1 st year of development. Anadromous salmon grew more rapidly than nonanadromous salmon in the spring months during the smolting period. Distinct differences were noted between groups in seasonal levels of body silvering, gill Na+–K+ ATPase activity, and size and number of gill chloride cells. Most male nonanadromous salmon matured as "post-smolts," whereas maturation was not observed among female nonanadromous nor among either sex in the anadromous group. Differences between anadromous and nonanadromous salmon were not observed in seasonal levels of body moisture, plasma Na+ and Cl−, condition factor, or salinity tolerance. Differences noted between groups are probably genetic in nature and suggest that the two forms of salmon in Gambo River represent separate breeding populations.

Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega) Müller, 1776 (Acanthocephala) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) and Its Use as a Biological Tag

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. C. Pippy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Pomphorhynchus Laevis ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Pomphorhynchus laevis (Zoega) Müller, 1776, an acanthocephalan, occurred in 25.4% of 974 juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from 18 drainage systems in the British Isles and was absent in 1063 juvenile salmon from 36 systems in North America. Its incidence in Irish smolts was about 25 times that in Scotland, England, and Wales. A comparison of its distribution with that of potential intermediate hosts in the British Isles suggests that the amphipod Gammarus duebeni is the intermediate host in Ireland and Gammarus pulex pulex in Scotland, England, and Wales. Pomphorhynchus laevis seems to be useful for indicating the tributary of origin of salmon smolts in several Irish rivers. Its usefulness as a tag for Irish salmon on the high seas is not yet established.

Evidence for Antifreeze Protein Gene Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth L. Fletcher ◽  
Margaret A. Shears ◽  
Madonna J. King ◽  
Peter L. Davies ◽  
Choy L. Hew
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Antifreeze Polypeptides

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) freeze to death if they come into contact with ice at water temperatures below −0.7 °C. Consequently, sea-pen culture of this species in cold water is severely limited. Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) survive in ice-laden seawater by producing a set of antifreeze polypeptides (AFP). We are attempting to make the Atlantic salmon more freeze resistant by transferring antifreeze protein genes from the winter flounder to the genome of the salmon. Salmon eggs were microinjected with linearized DNA after fertilization. Individual fingerlings (1–2 g) were analyzed for flounder AFP genes by genomic Southern blotting. DNA from 2 out of 30 fingerlings showed hybridization to the flounder DNA probe. Hybridization bands following cleavage by restriction enzymes Sst l and Bam HI were identical to those of the injected DNA. Hybridization following Hind III digestion indicated that the flounder AFP gene was linked to the salmon genome. These hybridization signals were absent in the DNA from control fish. The intensity of the hybridization signals indicated that there was on average at least one copy of the AFP gene present per cell.

Mitochondrial DNA and allozyme variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O'Connell ◽  
D. O. F. Skibinski ◽  
J. A. Beardmore
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Allozyme Loci

Four restriction enzymes were used to assay mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Wales. A total of 122 fish from 22 sites, within three catchments, were analyzed. A further 368 fish from seven of these sites were also investigated at 19–21 allozyme loci. The allozyme and mtDNA data revealed significant genetic differentiation between and within catchments. The allozyme data were as informative as mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms in distinguishing between populations of Atlantic salmon. The similarity between data sets in information content is in contrast with previous studies. The relative value of both techniques to fishery managers is discussed.

Swimbladder Leiomyosarcoma in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in North America

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Bowser ◽  
James W. Casey ◽  
Rufina N. Casey ◽  
Sandra L. Quackenbush ◽  
Larry Lofton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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