Genetic relationship among cultivated and wild grapevine accessions from Tunisia

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Snoussi ◽  
M Harbi Ben Slimane ◽  
L Ruiz-García ◽  
J M Martínez-Zapater ◽  
R Arroyo-García
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Table Grape Cultivar

We have used nuclear and chloroplast molecular markers to genotype cultivated and wild accessions of Vitis vinifera L. from Tunisia and assess their genetic relationships. Fifty-five distinct genotypes were identified among 80 cultivated accessions, including 18 genotypic groups containing between 2 and 5 accessions per group. They could represent a total of 60 distinct cultivars owing to berry colour variation found within identical genotype groups. Most of the 55 genotypes represent unique table grape genotypes except for one of them that was found identical to the genotype of table grape cultivar Rosseti. Hybridization among cultivars as well as self pollinations seems to have played an important role in their origin since several groups of closely related cultivars were observed. Furthermore, a parentage analysis showed a high probability for a parent hybrid relationship within two groups of three cultivars. No strong genetic similarities were found between cultivated and wild samples indicating that the cultivated accessions do not derive from local Vitis vinifera L. populations but could have been introduced from other regions in historic times.Key words: Vitis vinifera, Tunisian grapevine varieties, wild accessions, table grapes.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Brown Spot Pathosystem in Late-Harvest Table Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in the California Central Valley

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 2204-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Swett ◽  
Tyler Bourret ◽  
W. Douglas Gubler
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Table Grapes

Brown spot, caused by Cladosporium spp., is becoming a problematic postharvest disease of late season table grape (Vitis vinifera) in the California central valley, and management is hindered by knowledge gaps in disease etiology and epidemiology. Brown spot is herein described as a pre- and postharvest dry rot typified by an external brown to black spot or black mycelium which encases the placenta. Isolates in the Cladosporium herbarum and C. cladosporioides species complexes were recovered from 85 and 5% of brown-spot affected berries, respectively. Five isolates in the C. herbarum species complex, representing three phylogenetically distinct species (C. limoniforme, C. ramotenellum, and C. tenellum), and one C. cladosporioides isolate all caused brown spot symptoms under cold-storage conditions, with and without mechanical wounding. Isolate virulence was similar (P > 0.05) based on disease incidence and severity on intact berries but severity varied on wounded berries (P < 0.001). Surface disinfestation reduced severity of cluster rot development following 2 weeks in cold storage (P = 0.027) but incidence was not affected (P = 0.17). This work provides foundational information on brown spot pathosystem etiology and biology in late-harvest table grape, which can be used to improve management.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in table grapes based on RAPD and microsatellite markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Pair Group

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity of 47 table grape accessions, from the grapevine germplasm bank of Embrapa Semiárido, using 20 RAPD and seven microsatellite markers. Genetic distances between pairs of accessions were obtained based on Jaccard's similarity index for RAPD data and on the arithmetic complement of the weighted index for microsatellite data. The groups were formed according to the Tocher's cluster analysis and to the unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The microsatellite markers were more efficient than the RAPD ones in the identification of genetic relationships. Information on the genetic distance, based on molecular characteristics and coupled with the cultivar agronomic performance, allowed for the recommendation of parents for crossings, in order to obtain superior hybrids in segregating populations for the table grape breeding program of Embrapa Semiárido.

scholarly journals Preliminary Characterization of Wild Grapevine Populations (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) Grown Along the Danube River

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen F. POPESCU ◽  
Liviu C. DEJEU ◽  
Rafael R. OCETE
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
The Moment

The individuals belonging to three different groups of wild grapevines populations Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi harvested along, or near the Danube River, were described by means of usual ampelographic methods. The twenty standardized descriptors used for morphological analysis revealed obvious differentiation among analyzed populations. Out of 65 individuals, a half produced flowers with separate sex and a high proportion of them were males (70%). Pollen measurements on light microscope provided information on differences in pollen size among inside wild grapevine populations of V. sylvestris with the polar length varying between 15.3 and 23 μm and the equatorial length between 15.5 and 24.4μm. The in vitro regenerative potential from meristematic tissue tested with each phenotype showed that the moment of differentiation, the aspect of proliferative structures and the rate of multiplication varied inside these wild grapevine populations, without any correlation with the location of harvesting. Our results provided valuable information about these Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris populations, possible to be used as starting plant material for research in general and further breeding of cultivars and grapevine rootstocks.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids improve quality of table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. flame seedless

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A. Harindra Champa ◽  
M.I.S. Gill ◽  
B.V.C. Mahajan ◽  
N.K. Aror ◽  
Seema Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Table Grapes

scholarly journals Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALLIKARJUNA K. ARADHYA ◽  
GERALD S. DANGL ◽  
BERNARD H. PRINS ◽  
JEAN-MICHEL BOURSIQUOT ◽  
M. ANDREW WALKER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Multivariate Relationships ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Grape Cultivars

222 cultivated (Vitis vinifera) and 22 wild (V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris) grape accessions were analysed for genetic diversity and differentiation at eight microsatellite loci. A total of 94 alleles were detected, with extensive polymorphism among the accessions. Multivariate relationships among accessions revealed 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters, supporting the classical eco-geographic grouping of grape cultivars: occidentalis, pontica and orientalis. French cultivars appeared to be distinct and showed close affinity to the wild progenitor, ssp. sylvestris from south-western France (Pyrenees) and Tunisia, probably reflecting the origin and domestication history of many of the old wine cultivars from France. There was appreciable level of differentiation between table and wine grape cultivars, and the Muscat types were somewhat distinct within the wine grapes. Contingency χ2 analysis indicated significant heterogeneity in allele frequencies among groups at all loci. The observed heterozygosities for different groups ranged from 0·625 to 0·9 with an overall average of 0·771. Genetic relationships among groups suggested hierarchical differentiation within cultivated grape. The gene diversity analysis indicated narrow divergence among groups and that most variation was found within groups (∼85%). Partitioning of diversity suggested that the remaining variation is somewhat structured hierarchically at different levels of differentiation. The overall organization of genetic diversity suggests that the germplasm of cultivated grape represents a single complex gene pool and that its structure is determined by strong artificial selection and a vegetative mode of reproduction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document