Nuclear genome size in Selaginella

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon P. Little ◽  
Robbin C. Moran ◽  
Eric D. Brenner ◽  
Dennis Wm. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Flow Cytometric Data ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Flow Cytometric

Estimates of nuclear genome size for 9 Selaginella species were obtained using flow cytometry, and measurements for 7 of these species are reported for the first time. Estimates range from 0.086 to 0.112 pg per holoploid genome (84–110 Mb). The data presented here agree with the previously published flow cytometric results for S. moellendorffii . Within the 9 species sampled here, chromosome number varies from 2n = 16 to 2n = 27. Nuclear genome size appears to be strongly correlated with chromosome number (Spearman’s rank correlation; p = 0.00003725). Cultivated S. moellendorffii lacks sexual reproduction—manifest by the production of abortive megasporangia. Flow cytometric data generated from a herbarium specimen of a fertile wild-collected S. moellendorffii are virtually indistinguishable from the data generated from fresh material (0.088 vs. 0.089 pg/1C). Therefore, the limited fertility observed in cultivated plants is probably not the result of abnormal chromosome number (e.g., induced by interspecific hybridization).

Diploid and tetraploid cytotypes and subspecies of Odontarrhena tortuosa (Brassicaceae) in Pannonia: differences in morphology, ecology and genome size

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 358 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
STANISLAV ŠPANIEL ◽  
LÝDIA HABURAJOVÁ ◽  
VERONIKA CETLOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Flow Cytometric Data ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Rocky Habitats

Odontarrhena tortuosa is a herbaceous species occurring in steppe and rocky habitats of Eurasia. The present study is focused on the cytogeography and morphological variation of the species’ populations growing in the Pannonian basin (Central Europe), which represents the westernmost part of its distribution area. Flow cytometric analyses have revealed the existence of tetraploid populations, which are reported here for the first time for Central Europe. We analysed the morphological variation of 329 individuals from Slovakia, Hungary and Serbia by multivariate morphometric methods to evaluate morphological differences between two cytotypes (diploids and tetraploids), between the subspecies (O. tortuosa subsp. tortuosa and O. tortuosa subsp. heterophylla) and between populations growing in three regions differing in the type of substrate (rocks, sand dunes and sandy and rocky screes). Although we have not found any clear morphological differences between the cytotypes, we have confirmed several previously reported morphological differences between the two subspecies, which occur in regions differing in the type of substrate. Flow cytometric data also indicate certain differences in monoploid genome size between all groups of populations under comparison. Populations from Serbia differ from other populations of O. tortuosa subsp. tortuosa in morphology and genome size, but due to a lack of data on the genetic variation of the species we suggest no change in taxonomy. For the identification of the two subspecies, we present an updated determination key.

Flow Cytometric and Immunohistochemical Correlations in High Incidence Human Solid Tumors

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Tirindelli Danesi ◽  
Marcello Spanò ◽  
Fabiana Antonini ◽  
Pierluigi AltaVista ◽  
Piera Catalano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Human Solid Tumors ◽  
Stem Cell Lines

475 patients with carcinoma at different sites (141 colon-rectum; 102 breast; 50 stomach; 48 kidney; 46 head and neck; 41 bladder; 47 other sites) submitted to surgery have been analyzed after histopathological staging and grading, by flow cytometry (monoparametric DNA content analysis) and immunohistochemistry (p53, c-erbB-2, and PCNA expression). In breast cancer patients the presence of receptors for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PGR) has also been determined. Flow cytometry-derived parameters were DNA ploidy, fraction of cells in S-phase (SPF), and DNA content heterogeneity (multiclonal stem cell lines with different DNA index and/or more than one subpopulations with different ploidy levels in different samples from the same tumor). Correlations of the results obtained by the different techniques have been attempted by the non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation approach. Significant associations (P «0.05) were found between the histopathological, immunohistochemical and flow cytometric parameters considered in some anatomical regions, such as stomach (p53 vs DNA content aneuploidy and vs heterogeneity), colon-rectum (TNM vs p53 and vs heterogeneity), bladder (grading vs DNA content aneuploidy and vs heterogeneity). Tumor heterogeneity proved to be dependent on the number of tumor samples taken. The results of this preliminary assessment will subsequently be compared with the data obtained from a currently ongoing follow-up survey.

Nuclear genome size and chromosome number in the Mexican genusPittocaulon(Asteraceae)

Caryologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Palomino ◽  
Fabiola Soto-Trejo ◽  
Humberto Correa ◽  
Ignacio Méndez ◽  
José Luis Villaseñor
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Genome

scholarly journals Flow cytometric estimation of the nuclear genome size of 22Echinops (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan ŞAPCI ◽  
Monika REWERS ◽  
Cem VURAL ◽  
Elwira SLIWINSKA
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Flow Cytometric

scholarly journals Nuclear Genome Size in Contrast to Sex Chromosome Number Variability in the Human Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 746-756
Author(s):  
David Sadílek ◽  
Tomáš Urfus ◽  
Jitka Vilímová ◽  
Jiří Hadrava ◽  
Jan Suda
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Bed Bug

scholarly journals Estimating Nuclear DNA Content in Peach and Related Diploid Species Using Laser Flow Cytometry and DNA Hybridization

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Vance Baird ◽  
Agnes S. Estager ◽  
John K. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Polyploid Series

Using laser flow cytometry, nuclear DNA amounts were estimated for 12 Prunus species, representing three subgenera [Prunophora (Prunus), Amygdalus, and Cerasus (Lithocerasus)], two interspecific hybrids, four cultivars, and a synthetic polyploid series of peach consisting of haploids, diploids, triploids, and tetraploids (periclinal cytochimeras). Peach nuclear DNA content ranged from 0.30 pg for the haploid nuclei to 1.23 pg for the tetraploid nuclei. The diploid genome of peach is relatively small and was estimated to be 0.60±0.03 pg (or 5.8×108 nucleotide base pairs). The polyploid series represented the expected arithmetic progression, as genome size positively correlated with ploidy level (i.e., DNA content was proportional to chromosome number). The DNA content for the 12 diploid species and two interspecific diploid hybrids ranged from 0.57 to 0.79 pg. Genome size estimates were verified independently by Southern blot analysis, using restriction fragment length polymorphism clones as gene-copy equivalents. Thus, a relatively small and stable nuclear genome typifies the Prunus species investigated, consistent with their low, basic chromosome number (× = 8).

scholarly journals Estimation of Nuclear Genome Size of Three Species of Camponotus (Mayr, 1861) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) and Their Cytogenetic Relationship

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilton Jeferson Alves Cardoso de Aguiar ◽  
Luísa Antônia Campos Barros ◽  
Fernanda Aparecida Ferrari Soares ◽  
Carlos Roberto de Carvalho ◽  
Silvia Das Graças Pompolo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Interaction Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
Haploid Genome Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Minimum Interaction

The chromosome variability among ant species is remarkable, and the processes generating such variation are still under discussion since polyploidy has been observed in some distinct taxa. The chromosome number of species belonging to the Camponotus, subgenera Myrmothrix and Myrmobrachys, are highly different, whereas, the first subgenus has double the number of chromosomes of the second. In order to test the hypothesis of chromosome number doubling through polyploidy, the genome sizes of Camponotus (Myrmothrix) rufipes, Camponotus (Myrmothrix) renggeri and Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) crassus were estimated by flow cytometry. The chromosome number of specimens from the nests studied was also defined. No significant variation was noted in the genome size among them. The mean haploid genome size value (1C) of workers for the three species was 286.16 Mpb (0.29 pg). The polyploidy hypothesis can be ruled out as an evolutionary step linking the karyotype variations among the three studied species since the genome size of C. crassus with 2n = 20 chromosomes was the same as that of C. rufipes and C. renggeri with 2n = 40. The lack of variation in the amount of DNA between the related species C. rufipes and C. renggeri also demonstrate that flow cytometry is not an adequate approach to distinguish them. Our results highlight the importance of combining distinct methods, DNA quantification, and cytogenetics from the same colony. Understanding the path of chromosome evolution of three species with distinct degrees of relatedness should provide further information in enriching our knowledge about the Minimum Interaction Theory.

scholarly journals Content-specific differences in Padlet perception for collaborative learning amongst undergraduate students

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosha J. Mehta ◽  
Isabelle Miletich ◽  
Michael Detyna
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Perceived Benefit

Collaborative learning offers benefits but there is insufficient information on how students perceive specific digital tools supporting collaborative learning and whether there are content-related differences in students’ perceptions. Here, we utilised Padlet to mediate collaborative learning amongst undergraduate students from two distinct disciplines, Dentistry and Bioscience to examine students’ perceptions of Padlet-mediated learning and identify any content-specific differences. Data distribution was assessed via Shapiro–Wilk test, Mann–Whitney U test was used to assess distribution of responses and correlations were studied via Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ). Data revealed that majority of students across both cohorts perceived Padlet as easy to use and beneficial to learning. Dentistry students perceived Padlet to be more beneficial to learning and easier to use than Bioscience students (p < 0.01). Most Bioscience students liked to undertake collaborative learning via Padlet, whereas most Dentistry students felt more confident to ask questions and better understood content via Padlet. In the Bioscience cohort, perceived benefit-to-learning strongly correlated (ρ = 0.75; p < 0.01) with fondness to use Padlet, whereas in the Dentistry cohort, it moderately correlated (ρ = 0.5; p < 0.01) with better understanding of subject content. Thematic analysis of students’ textual responses revealed anonymity, peer-learning and engagement as key benefits. Thus, this study strengthened the evidence for using Padlet for collaborative learning in a wider context. Moreover, it uncovered significant disparities in students’ perceptions of the tool, when used to foster learning of different subject contents.

scholarly journals Nuclear Genome Size is Positively Correlated with Mean LTR Insertion Date in Fern and Lycophyte Genomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Baniaga ◽  
Michael S. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposons ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Homosporous Ferns ◽  
Ferns And Lycophytes

AbstractNuclear genome size is highly variable in vascular plants. The composition of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) is a chief mechanism of long term change in the amount of nuclear DNA. Compared to flowering plants, little is known about LTR dynamics in ferns and lycophytes. Drawing upon the availability of recently sequenced fern and lycophyte genomes we investigated these dynamics and placed them in the context of vascular plants. We found that similar to seed plants, mean LTR insertion dates were strongly correlated with haploid nuclear genome size. Fern and lycophyte species with small genomes such as those of the heterosporous Selaginella and members of the Salviniaceae had recent mean LTR insertion dates, whereas species with large genomes such as homosporous ferns had old mean LTR insertion dates intermediate between angiosperms and gymnosperms. This pattern holds despite methylation and life history differences in ferns and lycophytes compared to seed plants, and our results are consistent with other patterns of structural variation in fern and lycophyte genomes.

scholarly journals Low variability of Orchis militaris L. in a local population in the Altay Territory, Russia: evidence from morphometrical and caryological analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianna G. Zaytseva ◽  
◽  
Alexandra Yu. Nabieva ◽  
Elena V. Zhmud ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Flow Cytometric Data ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
First Time

Orchis militaris L. is a rare species at the territory of Russia and in many of its regions. This species has been studied for a long time, but the genome size of its representatives in natural conditions has not been studied yet. This assessment is of great importance for the development of measures for the rare species preservation in natural conditions and in the tissue culture. Chromosome counts were completed by flow cytometric data and morphological observations in order to study the species intrapopulation variability. Here, the flow cytometric data on genome size and DNA content of O. militaris from the Asian part of Russia are presented for the first time.

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