A Feature Selection Algorithm Integrating Maximum Classification Information and Minimum Interaction Feature Dependency Information

Feature selection is the key step in the analysis of high-dimensional small sample data. The core of feature selection is to analyse and quantify the correlation between features and class labels and the redundancy between features. However, most of the existing feature selection algorithms only consider the classification contribution of individual features and ignore the influence of interfeature redundancy and correlation. Therefore, this paper proposes a feature selection algorithm for nonlinear dynamic conditional relevance (NDCRFS) through the study and analysis of the existing feature selection algorithm ideas and method. Firstly, redundancy and relevance between features and between features and class labels are discriminated by mutual information, conditional mutual information, and interactive mutual information. Secondly, the selected features and candidate features are dynamically weighted utilizing information gain factors. Finally, to evaluate the performance of this feature selection algorithm, NDCRFS was validated against 6 other feature selection algorithms on three classifiers, using 12 different data sets, for variability and classification metrics between the different algorithms. The experimental results show that the NDCRFS method can improve the quality of the feature subsets and obtain better classification results.

Magnetic drive micro/nanomotor model

A model of a micro-/nanomotor with a hydrodynamic mechanism of motion due to the action of a rotating uniform external magnetic field is proposed. Micro-/nanomotor - is a chain of three charged particles, one of which has a magnetic moment. The total charge of the system is zero. In the absence of an external field, the particles are in equilibrium due to the action of the forces of attraction and repulsion, which corresponds to the minimum interaction energy. After applying a rotating magnetic field, a particle with a magnetic moment begins to rotate, forming a flow in the surrounding viscous fluid. The flow induces a hydrodynamic force that moves the chain in a specific direction. The forces of hydrodynamic interaction of particles with each other are taken into account, as well as internal forces holding the particles together. The dynamics of six model aggregates with one rotating particle is simulated numerically. The proposed mechanism for moving the chain can be used in the design of micro-/nanomotors and control them to deliver the payload.

Modeling Interactions of Iron Atoms Encapsulated in Nanotubes

The behavior and electronic structure of the carbon and boron nitride nanotubes that interact with the iron atom were studied using the Lennard–Jones potential and hybrid discrete-continuum approach. The iron-filled nanotubes were explored by means of classical applied mathematics in order to develop an understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the encapsulation of metal atoms inside nanotubes. Herein, we examined the suction energy and then the equilibrium offset positions of the iron atoms inside zigzag and armchair single-walled nanotubes, to obtain the optimal radii of the tubes and encapsulate the iron atom by determining the radii that provide the minimum interaction energies. Our observations indicate that the encapsulation behaviour depends on the radii of the nanotubes, and we predict that it is less likely for an iron atom to be enclosed inside the nanotubes when the value of the tube radius is less than ≈2.5 Å. The optimal nanotube necessary to fully enclose the iron atom has a radius of ≈4.2 for both carbon and boron nitride nanotubes, which approximately corresponds to the interaction energies of −1.8 kcal/mol. In its entirety, this work presents an approach that might further the understanding of the encapsulation of metal atoms inside nanotubes.

Space Debris Removal under Spatial Grasp Technology

The threats of space debris are enormously high, which are increasing due to launch of multi-satellite constellations, especially in low-Earth orbit, with millions of pieces of junk there. Different passive and active debris removal methods are being developed like self-deorbiting of used satellites, drag sails, mechanical grasps, tethers and nets, also directed energy, lasers including. Space junk is the responsibility of the whole mankind, and the problem of managing space debris is both the international challenge and the opportunity to preserve the space environment for future space exploration missions. The paper shows how self-organized constellation networks of deorbiting satellites can organize multiple cleaning operations autonomously under the developed Spatial Grasp Technology (SGT), with cooperative involvement of the whole network and minimum interaction with costly ground antennas and stations. It also offers a unique solution where most dangerous junk items can themselves be treated as active virtual-physical items freely moving through terrestrial and celestial environments and ultimately finding, by their own initiative, the proper cleaning satellites. This can effectively organize the global junk management and removal problem, where the active junk items can keep initiative of self-removal for any time needed and using any distributed resources. A combined solution is also offered with initial global search for approximate satellite-debris matching, after which the junk is delegated its own initiative to find the absolute match by traveling around the globe as far and as long as required. The paper shows and explains different practical cleaning scenarios in the high-level Spatial Grasp Language (as key element of SGT) and possibilities of quick implementation of the approach.

Evaluation of Performance and Yield Stability Analysis Based on AMMI and GGE-Biplot in Promising Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh] Genotypes

Background: Pigeon pea is considered an excellent and affordable source of plant-based protein, essential amino and fatty acids, fibers, minerals and vitamins with consistent source of income and employment to small and marginal farmers and thus holds premier position in the world agriculture. Shifts in rainfall patterns and seasons due to climatic change require the development of varieties with stable and high yield over a wide range of environmental conditions became major objective of crop improvement. Methods: The present study was carried out to ascertain the stable genotypes, environments discrimination and genotype by environment crossovers using different stable models by conducting Multi-location pigeon pea trial in five environments during Kharif, 2018 in Randomized Complete Block Design. Stability analysis for grain yield was performed by deploying the AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) model and GGE (Genotype and Genotype by Environment) biplot method. The pigeon pea genotype WRG-330 was found superior among all the genotypes over checks over locations, while, WRG-327 exhibited almost minimum interaction with the environments convincing the reliability of the performance. The test environments at Adilabad and Tandur were observed representative with better discriminating ability. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is no large difference between the AMMI and GGE biplot analyses in evaluation of experimental pigeon pea genotypes in different locations and both methods revealed similar results convincing that both methods can be used equally.

Modelling of Paclitaxel Conjugated with Carbon Nanotubes as an Antitumor Agent for Cancer Therapy

Functionalized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) show great promise for various drug delivery applications. These CNPs have distinct physical and chemical properties, such as low solubility, very high conductivity, and drug loading capability, and are thus important nanodevices for cancer therapy. Cancer is a highly challenging disease, because its therapy involves distinguishing diseased cells from healthy ones. This study aimed to determine the ability of CNPs conjugated with a chemotherapeutic agent to inhibit cancer cell growth. We developed two models to determine the effectiveness of paclitaxel (PTX) as an antitumor agent bonded to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) varying in radius (r). The models were used to mathematically evaluate the energy arising from the PTX–SWCNT interaction. The first model divided the PTX molecule into 15 subcomponents: 4 imidazole rings, 1 group of atoms forming a cylindrical nanotube, 6 methyl groups (small spheres represented as individual CH3 molecules), 3 carboxyl groups (medium-sized spheres represented as individual CO2 molecules), and 1 large sphere. In the second model, PTX was modeled as a spherical cage with a spheroidal structure. Next, we determined the minimum interaction energy between each subcomponent and an SWCNT of radius r, and then summed the interactions to determine the total energy (E). The numerical results indicated that SWCNTs can be loaded with PTX. We also determined the critical nanotube r required for acceptance of the PTX molecule. We believe that the findings of this research will encourage the development of new nanodevices capable of delivering larger amounts of drugs, genes, and proteins.

A Methodology for Heterogeneous Sensor Data Organization and Near Real-Time Data Sharing by Adopting OGC SWE Standards

Finding a solution to collect, analyze, and share, in near real-time, data acquired by heterogeneous sensors, such as traffic, air pollution, soil moisture, or weather data, represents a great challenge. This paper describes the solution developed at Eurac Research to automatically upload data, in near real-time, by adopting Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards to guarantee interoperability. We set up a methodology capable of ingesting heterogeneous datasets to automatize observation uploading and sensor registration, with minimum interaction required of the user. This solution has been successfully tested and applied in the Long Term (Socio-)Ecological Research (LT(S)ER) Matsch-Mazia initiative, and the code is accessible under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Modelling of Nickel Atoms Interacting with Single-Walled Nanotubes

Herein, the encapsulation mechanism of nickel atoms into carbon and boron nitride nanotubes is investigated to determine the interaction energies between the nickel atom and a nanotube. Classical modelling procedures, together with the 6-12 Lennard-Jones potential function and the hybrid discrete-continuous approach, are used to calculate the interaction of a nickel atoms with (i,i) armchair and (i,0) zigzag single-walled nanotubes. Analytical expressions for the interaction energies are obtained to determine the optimal radii of the tubes to enclose the nickel atom by determining the radii that give the minimum interaction energies. We first investigate the suction energy of the nickel atom entering the nanotube. The atom is assumed to be placed on the axis and near an open end of a semi-infinite, single-walled nanotube. Moreover, the equilibrium offset positions of the nickel atoms are found with reference to the cross-section of the nanotubes. The results may further the understanding of the encapsulation of Ni atoms inside defective nanotubes. Furthermore, the results may also aid in the design of nanotube-based materials and increase the understanding of their nanomagnetic applications and potential uses in other areas of nanotechnology.

Estimation of Nuclear Genome Size of Three Species of Camponotus (Mayr, 1861) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Formicinae) and Their Cytogenetic Relationship

The chromosome variability among ant species is remarkable, and the processes generating such variation are still under discussion since polyploidy has been observed in some distinct taxa. The chromosome number of species belonging to the Camponotus, subgenera Myrmothrix and Myrmobrachys, are highly different, whereas, the first subgenus has double the number of chromosomes of the second. In order to test the hypothesis of chromosome number doubling through polyploidy, the genome sizes of Camponotus (Myrmothrix) rufipes, Camponotus (Myrmothrix) renggeri and Camponotus (Myrmobrachys) crassus were estimated by flow cytometry. The chromosome number of specimens from the nests studied was also defined. No significant variation was noted in the genome size among them. The mean haploid genome size value (1C) of workers for the three species was 286.16 Mpb (0.29 pg). The polyploidy hypothesis can be ruled out as an evolutionary step linking the karyotype variations among the three studied species since the genome size of C. crassus with 2n = 20 chromosomes was the same as that of C. rufipes and C. renggeri with 2n = 40. The lack of variation in the amount of DNA between the related species C. rufipes and C. renggeri also demonstrate that flow cytometry is not an adequate approach to distinguish them. Our results highlight the importance of combining distinct methods, DNA quantification, and cytogenetics from the same colony. Understanding the path of chromosome evolution of three species with distinct degrees of relatedness should provide further information in enriching our knowledge about the Minimum Interaction Theory.

The Relationship between Organizational Learning and Employee Engagement: The Perspective Of Young Employees From Commercial Banks In Malaysia

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between organizational learning with employee engagement. Primary data were gathered through selfadministered survey questionnaires. 100 respondents participated in the study and all of the respondents came from commercial bank in Malaysia. Method used to distribute the survey questionnaires was through “drop off and pick up” method due to the minimum interaction by the investigator with the respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS and findings indicated that employees valued development opportunity provided by organisations for example development through training, mentoring and coaching. Respondents are employee between the age of 23 to 30 years old and these mode of learning appear to be the most effective to them.