GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS. I. YIELD

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Koon Tan ◽  
Geok-Yong Tan ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Half Diallel

Twenty-one progenies and the parents of a 7 × 7 half diallel cross of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) were evaluated at four locations in Alberta in each of two years, for genetic variation and genetic by environment interactions in the expression of their yield potentials. Years, locations and their interactions were highly significant in the combined analysis of variance. Combining ability analysis revealed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were both important in the expression of yield, including spring, fall and annual yield, whereas GCA was more important than SCA for yield per area. Although the genotype × environment interactions were all highly significant, variation accounted for by combining ability effects was generally higher than the interaction effects of GCA and SCA respectively, with environments. High average GCA effects for spring, fall and annual yield were demonstrated for the clones UA5, UA9 and B42. These together with the high average SCA effects suggested that the three clones could be included in a synthetic to develop high yielding cultivars. The results suggested that recurrent selections involving multi-location and multi-year testing seems necessary in breeding for high yielding bromegrass cultivars in Alberta.

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN THE CULTIVATED STRAWBERRY

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. S. SPANGELO ◽  
R. WATKINS ◽  
C. S. HSU ◽  
S. O. FEJER
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

General and specific combining abilities were analyzed for total, marketable, early, and late yield, and for flower stalk number in a diallel cross of eight strawberry cultivars. Data were recorded from individual seedlings restricted to two runner plants, thereby eliminating variability resulting from differences in plant density. General and specific combining abilities for the five characters were highly significant. Estimates of general combining ability effects taken alone were, in general, of little value in predicting the order of desirability of individual crosses.

GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY IN SEVEN INBRED STRAWBERRY LINES

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis E. Aalders ◽  
Donald L. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation

Seedlings of a diallel cross of seven strawberry inbreds omitting reciprocals were fruited in matted rows. Per acre fruit yields were comparable with leading cultivars, but berry appearance and quality of the hybrids were poor. Differences in resistance to powdery mildew reflected the values of the cultivars from which the inbreds were derived.All four characters studied showed significant general combining ability values, and three of the four showed significant specific combining ability values. These results are consistent with previous findings of considerable amounts of non-additive genetic variation in the strawberry.

scholarly journals Additive and Heterotic Genetic Effects in the Haplo-diploid Honeybee Apis Mellifera

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Oldroyd ◽  
C Moran
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects ◽  
Partial Diallel

Nine lines of honeybees were used to form a 9 x 9 partial diallel cross. Hamuli number was determined for samples of worker offspring. One set of workers was reared in non-maternal colonies which had been made uniform, as far as possible, with respect to colony strength (number of workers), while another set was sampled directly from the combs of each maternal colony. Combining ability analysis of variance revealed significant additive and non-additive genetic effects for both sets of data, regardless of whether inbred parentals were included or excluded from the analysis. Uniform rearing removed average heterosis and reciprocal effects.

AN EVALUATION OF DISEASE RESISTANT CLONES OF BROMUS INERMIS (LEYSS.) AS BREEDING STOCKS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. WALTON
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Matter Production

Seven clones of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), five of which were resistant to diseases caused by Pyrenophora bromi (Dred.) and Selenophoma bromigena (Sacc.), were crossed in all combinations forming a 7 × 7 diallel. Plants of both the F1 and its reciprocal cross, as well as the parents, were grown in the field at Edmonton and were measured for dry matter production, plant diameter, days to head emergence and plant height during their 2nd yr. Highly significant variation due to general and specific combining ability were recorded for all the traits. Four of the disease-resistant clones were low yielding and small in plant diameter. On the basis of general combining ability effects these same clones showed little promise as parents. However, one of the disease-resistant clones, B42, was found to perform relatively well and should be of value as a breeding stock.

scholarly journals Hybrid tea-roses under controlled light conditions. 4. Combining ability analysis of variance for percentage of flowering in F1 populations.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
D.P. de Vries ◽  
L. Smeets ◽  
L.A.M. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Flowering Ability

F1 populations of the hybrid tea-roses Sonia, Baccara, Ilona, Prominent and Zorina were grown in a growth room under 8 W/m2 at 20 deg C with an 8 h day. The inheritance of flowering ability under low irradiance was mainly controlled by additive gene action. Prominent and Zorina had a good general combining ability for flowering under low irradiance. [For part 3 see HcA 49, 5235]. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Heterotic performance and combining ability in a diallel cross among spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Hybrid Performance ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
F1 Generation

Levels of hybrid vigour for earliness, plant height, four components of yield, and yield were examined in the F1 generation of a diallel cross of eight cultivars of spring wheat. Kernel weight and kernels per spike exhibited high levels of heterosis effects. The analysis for general combining ability indicated that a large part of the total genetic variation observed for six out of seven traits was associated with genes which were additive in their effects. The estimates for specific combining ability were highly significant for five out of seven traits. These estimates were lower than those of general combining ability for six out of seven traits. The combining ability analysis helped in classifying the parents in terms of their hybrid performance and in gaining greater understanding of the nature of quantitatively inherited traits. The importance of genetic diversity in relation to heterosis was also assessed.

A STUDY OF COMBINING ABILITY FOR GRAIN PROTEIN PERCENTAGE IN A DIALLEL CROSS OF FIVE SIX-ROW BARLEY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross

Grain protein percentage was assessed in F1 and F2 populations in two experiments involving a complete diallel cross among the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars Bonanza, Conquest, Olli, Galt and Jubilee. Heterosis was absent in all crosses and a Griffing combining ability analysis showed that specific combining ability was nonsignificant in both F1 and F2 populations. General combining ability (GCA) for protein percentage was highly significant in both generations, with Conquest and Olli having major positive GCA effects. Galt produced a large negative GCA effect, while Jubilee and Bonanza caused small negative GCA effects. Significant differences between the hybrids were found only in F1. Broad sense heritabilities for protein differences between the parents were 0.57 and 0.72 in the two experiments, and were significant at the 5 and 1% levels of significance, respectively. Conquest had significantly higher protein than Bonanza, with Olli being intermediate. Galt had lower protein than Jubilee, but this difference was significant in only one experiment. The differences among the five cultivars for mean grain protein percentage and general combining ability are significant in relation to breeding for malting and feed type barleys.

scholarly journals The partial circulant diallel cross at the interpopulation level

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
José B. Miranda Filho ◽  
Roland Vencovsky
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Alternative Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Partial Diallel

The partial circulant diallel cross mating scheme of Kempthorne and Curnow (Biometrics 17: 229-250, 1961) was adapted for the evaluation of genotypes in crosses at the interpopulation level. Considering a random sample of n lines from base population I, and that each line is crossed with s lines from opposite population II, there will be ns sampled crosses that are evaluated experimentally. The means of the ns sampled crosses and the remaining n(n - s) crosses can be predicted by the reduced model <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/0291e1.gif" align="absmiddle"> where Yij is the mean of the cross between line i (i = 1,2,...,n) of population I and line j (j = 1',2',...,n') of population II; µ is the general mean, and gi and gj refer to general combining ability effects of lines from populations I and II, respectively. Specific combining ability (Sij) is estimated by the difference <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/0291e2.gif" align="absmiddle">. The sequence of crosses for each line (i) is [i x j], [i x (j + 1)], [i x (j + 2)], ..., [i x (j + s -1)], starting with i = j = 1 for convenience. Any j + s -1 > n is reduced by subtracting n. A prediction procedure is suggested by changing gi and gj by the contrasts <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_ti.gif" alt="s_ti.gif (188 bytes)"> i = <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_ytra.gif" alt="s_ytra.gif (986 bytes)"> i. - <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_ytra.gif" align="absmiddle"> .. and <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_ti.gif" align="absmiddle">j = <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_ytra.gif" align="absmiddle">.j - <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_ytra.gif" align="absmiddle">..; the correlation coefficient (r) was used to compare the efficiency of <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_gtil.gif" align="absmiddle">'s and <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_tiac.gif" align="absmiddle">'s for selection of lines and crosses. The analysis of variance is performed with the complete model Yij = µ + gi + gj + sij + <img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_e_.gif" align="absmiddle">ij, and the sum of squares due to general combining ability is considered for each population separately. An alternative analysis of variance is proposed for estimation of the variance components at the interpopulation level. An analysis of ear length of maize in a partial diallel cross with n = 10 and s = 3 was used for illustration. For the 30 interpopulation crosses analyzed the coefficient of determination (R2), involving observed and estimated hybrid means, was high for the reduced (g) model [R2 (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_yac.gif" align="absmiddle">ij, Yij) = 0.960] and smaller for the simplified (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_ti.gif" align="absmiddle">) model [R2 (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/gmb/v22n2/s_yac.gif" align="absmiddle">ij, Yij) = 0.889]. Results indicated that the proposed procedure may furnish reliable estimates of means of hybrids not available in the partial diallel.

Heterosis and Combining Ability in Wheat under Irrigation and Moisture Stress

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Sinolinding ◽  
A. Rehman Chowdhry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Effective Selection

SUMMARYAnalysis of a 4-parent diallel cross showed marked heterosis for yield and its components in two crosses (Mexipak × Dirk and C273 × AU49) under irrigation, while little or negative heterosis occurred under moisture stress. A large part of the genetic variation among crosses for yield, and most components of yield, was attributed to the general combining ability, indicating that the additive effects were important. Reciprocal effects and various interactions were insignificant except for kernel weight, which suggests that effective selection could be made under irrigation of genotypes adaptable to moisture stress.

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