CONSERVATIVE CHROMOSOMAL CHANGE IN THE BAT FAMILY MORMOOPIDAE

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Sites Jr. ◽  
John W. Bickham ◽  
Mike W. Haiduk
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Positive Band ◽  
Chromosomal Change ◽  
Positive Region ◽  
The Family ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

G-band patterns are described for the karyotypes of both genera and all subgenera of mormoopid bats. A nomenclatural system is proposed for the mormoopid genome in which each autosomal arm is numbered and all bands on each arm are numbered from the centromere to the telomere. G-band patterns indicate that the karyotypes have remained stable throughout the evolution of the family; both species of Mormoops appear to differ from Pteronotus only by the presence in the former of a prominent G-positive region proximal to the centromere of arm 2. Mormoops blainvilli also possessed a prominent G-positive band in the distal end of arm 9 that stained lightly in all other species. C-band patterns of Mormoops megalophylla showed that most heterochromatic regions were centromeric, and silver-nitrate staining in this species and two species of Pteronotus showed that all possessed three pairs of nucleolar organizer regions on the centromeric ends of acrocentric chromosomes. G-band patterns suggest that the karyotype of all Pteronotus is primitive for the family.

scholarly journals Karyotype, constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Belosacris coccineipes (Acrididae-Leptysminae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Loreto ◽  
Maria José de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Nucleolar Organizers ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Several techniques including C-banding, fluorochromes and silver staining were used to obtain information about heterochromatin patterns in the grasshopper B. coccineipes. Conventional staining showed a karyotype with 2n = 23 chromosomes in males and 2n = 24 in females, as well as XO:XX sex determination and acrotelocentric chromosomes. The medium-sized X chromosome was heteropycnotic positive at the beginning of prophase I and negative in metaphase I. C-banding revealed heterochromatic blocks in the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining in this species showed three small bivalents (S9-S11) as nucleolar organizers with NORs located in the pericentromeric regions. CMA3-positive blocks were seen in pericentromeric regions of pairs M6, S9, S10 and S11. Sequential staining with CMA3/AgNO3 revealed homology between the CMA3-positive bands and NORs of the bivalents S9, S10 and S11. The CMA3-positive block of the bivalent M6 could represent a latent secondary NOR. The results obtained permit us to distinguish two categories of the constitutive heterochromatin in B. coccineipes.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of silver nitrate staining for nucleolar organizer regions in selected head and neck tumors

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessam Rahimi ◽  
Farzaneh Rahimi ◽  
MonirMoradzadeh Khiavi ◽  
Asghar Ebadifar ◽  
Behnam Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Head And Neck Tumors ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Neck Tumors ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

The banded chromosomes of the muskox (Ovibos moschatus)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Desaulniers ◽  
W. A. King ◽  
Janice E. Rowell ◽  
Peter F. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Ovibos Moschatus ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

The muskox (Ovibos moschatus), a member of the family Bovidae, has 48 chromosomes consisting of 12 biarmed and 34 acrocentric autosomes, an acrocentric X chromosome, and a small metacentric Y chromosome. To obtain more information about this species, chromosome preparations from cultured lymphocytes were R-banded, C-banded, or stained with silver nitrate. R-banding was sufficient to identify individual chromosomes. C-banding revealed prominent centromeric bands on all acrocentric chromosomes and very faint staining of the centromeric regions of the biarmed chromosomes. This pattern has been observed in other bovids, such as sheep and water buffalo, which also have biarmed and acrocentric chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining revealed a per metaphase average of 5.23 nucleolus organizer regions, the chromosomal sites of rRNA genes. The nucleolus organizer regions were located on the ends of the long arm of three pairs of submetacentric and two pairs of acrocentric autosomes. Similar numbers of terminally located nucleolus organizer regions have been observed in other bovids such as cattle, sheep, and goats. These results parallel those obtained in other members of the family and emphasize the general cytogenetic similarity within the Bovidae.

A role for upstream binding factor in organizing ribosomal gene chromatin

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Wright ◽  
Christine Mais ◽  
José-Luis Prieto ◽  
Brian McStay
Keyword(s):  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Rna Polymerase I ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Upstream Binding Factor ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Polymerase I ◽  
Secondary Constrictions ◽  
Active Nors

Human ribosomal genes are located in NORs (nucleolar organizer regions) on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes. During metaphase, previously active NORs appear as prominent chromosomal features termed secondary constrictions, which are achromatic in chromosome banding and positive in silver staining. The architectural RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF (upstream binding factor) binds extensively across the ribosomal gene repeat throughout the cell cycle. Evidence that UBF underpins NOR structure is provided by an examination of cell lines in which large arrays of a heterologous UBF binding sequences are integrated at ectopic sites on human chromosomes. These arrays efficiently recruit UBF even to sites outside the nucleolus, and during metaphase form novel silver-stainable secondary constrictions, termed pseudo-NORs, that are morphologically similar to NORs.

Chromosome differentiation in the subantarctic Bovichtidae species Cottoperca gobio (Günther, 1861) and Pseudaphritis urvillii (Valenciennes, 1832) (Pisces, Perciformes)

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Pisano ◽  
C. Ozouf-Costaz ◽  
J-C. Hureau ◽  
R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Fundamental Number ◽  
Magellan Strait ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Acrocentric Chromosomes

A cytogenetic study on the bovichtid species Cottoperca gobio from the Magellan Strait and Pseudaphritis urvillii from Tasmania showed both species have a plesiomorphic number of chromosomes (2n=48). However, C.gobio has a more conservative karyotype composed entirely of acrocentric chromosomes (Fundamental Number=48); the presence of two metacentric pairs in P. urvilli (FN=52) makes this species karyologically more derived. The differences in the number of chromosomal arms, and the chromosomal location of the nucleolar organizer regions indicate karyological divergence in the two separating stocks from which C.gobio and P.urvillii originated. During the diversification of this notothenioid family, probably coincident with the fragmentation of Gondwana, the stock that split off with the Australian Plate gave rise to the Tasmanian species and experienced more chromosomal modifications than the stock from which C. gobio is derived. The pattern of constitutive heterochromatin suggests a possible homology between a pair of chromosomes in bovichtids and other notothenioids.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic Studies on Three Species of Genus Burmagomphus of Family Gomphidae (Odonata: Anisoptera) from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walia Gurinder Kaur ◽  
Chahal Sarabjit Singh ◽  
Singh Navdeep
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Autosomal Bivalents ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining

Male germ cell chromosomes of Burmagomphus divaricatus, Burmagomphus pyramidalis and Burmagomphus sivalikensis of family Gomphidae have been investigated by using conventional staining, C-banding, silver nitrate staining and sequence specific staining. The species were collected from Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, India. All the species possess the chromosome number 2n = 23 which is the type number of the family. Terminal C bands and NOR’s are present at the autosomal bivalents and X chromosome is C positive and NOR rich in all the three species, while m bivalents show variation in distribution of C- heterochromatin and NOR’s. In the sequence specific staining, whole complement shows bright DAPI signals in B. divaricatus, bright CMA3 signals in B. pyramidalis and both DAPI and CMA3 signals in B. sivalikensis.

scholarly journals Diversity and chromosomal evolution in the genus Ancistrus Kner, 1854 (Loricariidae: Ancistrini) from three hydrographic basins of Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mariotto ◽  
Liano Centofante ◽  
Orlando Moreira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses

Cytogenetic analyses were carried out in 117 specimens of seven species of the genus Ancistrus from three hydrographic in Mato Grosso State: Paraguay, Araguaia-Tocantins and Amazon basins. Conventional cytogenetic techniques were used to obtain mitotic chromosomes. C-banding was performed to detect heterochromatic regions and silver nitrate staining was used to identify nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs). The counted and paired chromosomes revealed diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 40 to 2n = 54 with karyotype formulae varying from FN = 80 to FN = 86. Single marks in distinct chromosomes identified the nucleolar organizer regions. The constitutive heterochromatin was scarce in the diploid number from 2n = 50 to 2n = 54 and conspicuous blocks were observed in a single species with 2n = 40 chromosomes. These data corroborate the hypotheses of reduction of diploid number in species with derived features such as presence of sex chromosomes and polymorphisms, besides allowing inferences about the evolutionary mechanisms and the ancestor karyotype that favored the diversification of this important genus in the tribe Ancistrini.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic characterization of Hypostomus nigromaculatus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marceléia Rubert ◽  
Cláudio H. Zawadzki ◽  
Lucia Giuliano-Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Giemsa Staining ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
The Family ◽  
Silver Nitrate Staining ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization

Hypostomus is the most speciose genus in the family Loricariidae, with approximately 120 species. These fish show a wide morphological and color variation, which hinders the identification of species, mainly of widely distributed representatives. The aim of this study was to contribute to the current knowledge on cytogenetic features of Hypostomus nigromaculatus. Three specimens of H. nigromaculatus, collected in two tributaries of rio Tibagi, Paraná, and in Cachoeira de Emas, rio Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, the latter being the type locality of H. nigromaculatus, were studied. Chromosomal preparations were submitted to Giemsa staining, silver nitrate impregnation, C-banding and CMA3 and DAPI fluorochromes staining. All samples presented 2n = 76, but the rio Mogi-Guaçu sample differed from those from tributaries of rio Tibagi in relation to karyotype formulae, distribution and composition of heterochromatin, and NOR location. The silver nitrate staining revealed the presence of multiple Ag-NORs for all samples, but with differences on the location on chromosomes. CMA3 staining reveled bright signals equivalent to NOR-bearing chromosomal segments; such sites were characterized by negative, i.e. unstained, marks after DAPI staining. The pattern of heterochromatin distribution was distinctive among samples from rio Mogi-Guaçu and tributaries of rio Tibagi. The differences observed between the sample from rio Mogi-Guaçu and the ones from tributaries of rio Tibagi allow us to suggest that these samples are presently isolated. Further analyses are necessary to ascertain whether such isolation refers to distinct populations or characterizes true different species.

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