Developmental divergence among hatchery strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). I. Pure strains

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Glucosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Developmental Divergence

We compare the developmental rate of six closely related hatchery strains of rainbow trout. Hatching time, morphological analysis, and the pattern of ontogenetic change in lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, and phosphoglucomutase activities indicate significant differences in developmental rate between strains. There is close concordance among the different measures of developmental rate. Strains with higher levels of heterozygosity, as estimated from electrophoretic analysis of 42 loci, developed faster than less heterozygous strains. The variation in developmental rate in these closely related strains indicates that there is substantial genetic variation affecting the developmental process in rainbow trout.Key words: development rate, intraspecific variation, rainbow trout.

Developmental divergence among hatchery strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). II. Hybrids

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Developmental Divergence ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

The developmental rates of first generation hybrids between six closely related hatchery strains of rainbow trout are compared using hatching time, morphology, and the pattern of ontogenetic change of four enzymes. Hybrid developmental rates can not be explained by additive genetic effects. Nine of 14 hybrid types developed slower than their maternal parent. These results are consistent with a hypothesis of regulatory divergence between the hybridizing strains. Heterotic effects were observed in five hybrid groups in that hybrids developed faster than their maternal parent. A strong dominance component was observed in the reciprocal hybrids of one strain. There was no association between the degree of perturbation of hybrid developmental rates and the genetic distance between hybridizing strains. Hybrids between more distantly related strains were no more delayed in their development than those from closely related strains.Key words: developmental rate, rainbow trout, hybrids, gene regulation.

Embryonic Development, Early Growth, and Meristic Variation in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Exposed to Combinations of Light Intensity and Temperature

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-hwa Kwain
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Meristic Variation

Lowest mortality rates of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryos were obtained at temperatures of 7 and 10 C and light intensities of 0.2 and 20 lx. Temperatures of 3 and 15 C and an intensity of 400 lx were near the thresholds for development. Eggs exposed to 0.2 lx required 111 days to reach 50% hatch at 3 C, but 26 days at 15 C; those exposed to 20 lx, 97 days at 3 C and 25 days at 15 C.Growth rates of rainbow trout 145 days after hatch were significantly different (P < 0.05) at 10 and 3 C, and 20, 2, and 0.2 lx. The fastest growth occurred at 10 C and 2 lx, and the lowest growth at 3 C and 0.2 lx. For increment of body weight it was about 23.8%/day of initial weight and 6.6% at 3 C. At light intensities of 20, 2, and 0.2 lx, the rate per day was 24.7, 17.2, and 11.2%, respectively. However, increases in length occurred at a much reduced rate.Variations in numbers of vertebrae, gill rakers, and fin rays were positively correlated with the embryonic development rate. Longer incubation periods were usually associated with more meristic elements, regardless of the environmental factors involved.

Pleiotropic effects of a regulatory gene (Pgm-1-t) on the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2847-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Determinant

We compared the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout with a regulatory allele, Pgm-1-t(b), to their full-sibs without this allele. Other studies have shown that this gene has many pleiotropic effects in the Arlee strain, the most obvious being an increase in developmental rate at about the time of hatching. The frequencies of two agonistic action patterns, charge and lateral display, and two nonagonistic measures, yawn and forage, were used to describe early social behavior. Pgm-1-t(b) was associated with significantly higher frequencies of charge and larger size in fish from the Arlee strain. However, fish from the DeSmet strain with Pgm-1-t(b) were no more aggressive or longer than their full-sibs lacking this allele. Length was the primary determinant of dominance status in both strains, regardless of Pgm-1-t genotype. In both strains, there was no significant difference between genotypes in the frequency of lateral display and forage. Our results show that genetic differences at a single locus can have pleiotropic effects on behavior with potential adaptive significance.

scholarly journals HETEROZYGOSITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL RATE IN A STRAIN OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI )

Evolution ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf ◽  
Kathy L. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Heterozygosity and Developmental Rate in a Strain of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Evolution ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf ◽  
Kathy L. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

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