Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

Effects of Age and Overhead Illumination on Temperatures Preferred by Underyearling Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, in a Vertical Temperature Gradient

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hwa Kwain ◽  
Robert W. McCauley
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Vertical Temperature Gradient ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Vertical Temperature ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Distribution Of Fish ◽  
Vertical Gradients

During their first 12 mo of life rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, preferred progressively cooler temperatures as they grew older; 19 °C was selected during the 1st mo and the selected temperature declined by intervals of 0.5 °C for each of the following months up to the 3rd mo. Fish swam higher in temperature gradients exposed to overhead illumination than in those in total darkness. This trend was reversed during the following 9 mo. These findings demonstrate the important role that age plays in the temperature preference of this species and the influence that overhead light may have on the distribution of fish in vertical gradients. Key words: preferred temperature, age, Salmo gairdneri, light gradients

Sublethal Effects of Environmental Acidification on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Neville
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caudal Vein ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Dorsal aorta blood samples were taken from cannulated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to pH 4.0 (acid group) or pH 7.0 (controls) in normocapnic conditions at 10 °C. Over a 5-d period there was a significant gradual decrease in pH and total CO2 in the acid group but no significant difference in pO2 and lactate compared to the controls. After uncannulated rainbow trout were exposed to the same conditions for 12 d there were significant increases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels in caudal vein samples from the acid group. The results show that rainbow trout exposed to acid without hypercapnia develop acidaemia which is not a result of anaerobic respiration. The increase in erythrocyte concentration probably offsets the effects of acidaemia upon blood oxygen carrying capacity. Differences in ambient pCO2 and/or species differences could account for varying acid-base values in acid exposed fish reported by different workers. Key words: environmental acidification, acidaemia, lactate, pH, total carbonate, fish

Swimming Performance and Behavior of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and White Perch (Morone americana): Effects of Attaching Telemetry Transmitters

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest J. Mellas ◽  
James M. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
White Perch ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Morone Americana ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dominant Fish ◽  
And Behavior

Implicit in biotelemetry studies is the assumption that transmitter attachment does not affect fish behavior or performance. We conducted experiments to determine effects of external, surgical, and stomach tag attachments on the swimming performance and behavior of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and white perch (Morone americana). Only one rainbow trout changed dominance rank after dummy tag attachment. Subordinate fish had significantly lower weights than subdominant and dominant fish, but there were no significant differences in exhaustion times. Externally tagged trout had significantly lower exhaustion times than other tagged groups and controls. There was no significant difference in exhaustion times among tagged white perch and controls. Externally and surgically tagged perch contracted serious fungal infections during a 45-d survival study; however, few disease and no survival problems among tagged and untagged rainbow trout were noted up to 21 d. With all factors taken into account, it appears that stomach tagging is the best method of transmitter attachment, except when regurgitation and/or stomach atrophy are likely to be encountered.

scholarly journals Effect of selenium deficiency on hydroperoxide-stimulated release of glutathione from isolated perfused liver of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Bell ◽  
J. W. Adron ◽  
C. B. Cowey
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Perfused Liver ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glutathione Disulphide

1. Duplicate groups of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were each given partially purified diets which were either adequate or depleted in selenium for 40 weeks.2. Although there was no significant difference in weight gain, liver Se concentration was significantly lower in fish given the deficient diet.3. Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (EC 1. 11. 1. 9) activity was significantly reduced in liver of Se-deficient fish but a differential assay did not indicate the presence of a non-Se-dependent GSH peroxidase activity, although liver GSH S-transferase (EC 2. 5. 1. 18) was significantly increased.4. Perfusion of livers from trout given Se-adequate diets with t-butyl hydroperoxide (BuOOH) or hydrogen peroxide caused an increase in the rate of release of glutathione disulphide (GSSG) into the perfusate.5. Perfusion of livers from Se-deficient trout with BuOOH or H2O2 did not result in any change in rate of release of GSSG into the perfusate.6. These findings confirm the absence of any compensatory non-Se-dependent peroxidase activity in Se-depleted trout.

Olfactory Bulbar Electrical Responses of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Exposed to Morpholine During Smoltification

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1186-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki J. Hara ◽  
S. B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Key Words Olfaction ◽  
Sulfhydryl Reagent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Olfactory Organs

Exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to 5.7 × 10−10 M (5 × 10−5 mg/L) morpholine during smoking period did not influence the subsequent neural response to this substance, when tested immediately and 12 mo after smoking. No significant difference in the morpholine-induced responses was obtained between the exposed and unexposed fish. Using N-ethylmaleimide, a sulfhydryl reagent, it was further confirmed that the morpholine-effect is caused by a mechanism not directly associated with the normal olfactory function. Perfusion of the olfactory organs with 1.0 × 10−1 and 1.1 × 10−1 M (1%) morpholine for 10 min irreversibly inhibited the olfactory responsiveness to odorants. Sensitization of the olfactory bulbar electrical response is discussed in connection with homing of morpholine-imprinted salmonid fishes. Key words: olfaction, olfactory bulbar response, rainbow trout, salmon, imprinting, morpholine, homing, migration

Effects of Diet, Ambient Temperature, and Holding Conditions on Plasma Thyroxine Levels in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Leatherland ◽  
C. Y. Cho ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Soybean Diet ◽  
Significant Diurnal Variation

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated to 19 °C and fed a pelleted diet of either 6% soybean oil or 6% tallow fat had similar plasma thyroxine levels (0.62 ± 0.10 and 0.69 ± 0.08 μg/100 ml, respectively), although fish acclimated to 7 °C and fed the soybean diet gave significantly (P < 0.05) higher plasma thyroxine concentration (1.32 ± 0.13 μg/100 ml) than the group fed the tallow fat diet (0.95 ± 0.12 μg/100 ml). The plasma thyroxine concentration in the fish fed the soybean oil diet was significantly (P < 0.01) higher at 7 °C than at 19 °C. There was no significant difference between the two groups of fish given the tallow fat diet. Epithelial cell heights were largest in groups with the highest plasma thyroxine levels. Epithelial cell height in the two groups at 19 °C were similar, but in both groups of fish at 7 °C, the cell height was significantly greater than in either of the groups at 19 °C (P < 0.01 for comparisons of the 19 °C tallow fat diet with both groups of 7 °C acclimated fish and comparison of the two groups on the soybean oil diet; P < 0.05 for comparisons of the 19 °C, soybean oil diet with the group held at 7 °C and given the tallow fat diet). Fish deprived of food for 40 days had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower plasma thyroxine concentration when compared with fish that had been fed daily. There was no significant diurnal variation in plasma thyroxine over the light phase of a 12 h light: 12 h dark photoperiod, nor did the limitation of light entering the aquaria significantly affect plasma thyroxine values. Key words: endocrine, thyroid, Salmo gairdneri, diet, environmental temperature

Effects of Illumination on Behavior of Wild Brown (Salmo trutta) and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Exposed to Black and White Backgrounds

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1875-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ritter ◽  
Hugh R. MacCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
White Background ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Experimental Tank ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Selection Of

Wild brown (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) placed in a circular tank illuminated at 10−2 lx immediately selected black rather than white background. Preference for black fluctuated with activity during the first 2 hr while both selection of black and activity gradually decreased with habituation over the following 84 hr. A sudden increase in illumination to 200 lx reestablished the strong selection of black which decreased rapidly with rising activity. Selection of black was inversely correlated with activity of the fish and was greater under moving than nonmoving water conditions. Differences in activity levels between rainbow and brown trout caused minor differences in response to background.Temporal preference for black background is interpreted as a protective response to the fright stimuli of initial handling, unfamiliarity with the experimental tank, and sudden increase in illumination. Duration of the response after the sudden increase in illumination was less in brown than rainbow trout. Because of its influence on activity and selection of light or dark backgrounds, light is an important ecological factor for trout.

TEMPERATURE SELECTION OF THE CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO LINN.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Pitt ◽  
E. T. Garside ◽  
R. L. Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Selection Of

The selected or preferred temperatures of the carp were determined for six acclimation temperatures. At 10 °C., 15 °C., 20 °C., 25 °C., 30 °C., and 35 °C. acclimation the selected temperatures were 17 °C., 25 °C., 27 °C., 31 °C., 31 °C., and 32 °C. respectively. The final preferendum of carp was found to be 32 °C.

Pleiotropic effects of a regulatory gene (Pgm-1-t) on the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2847-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Determinant

We compared the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout with a regulatory allele, Pgm-1-t(b), to their full-sibs without this allele. Other studies have shown that this gene has many pleiotropic effects in the Arlee strain, the most obvious being an increase in developmental rate at about the time of hatching. The frequencies of two agonistic action patterns, charge and lateral display, and two nonagonistic measures, yawn and forage, were used to describe early social behavior. Pgm-1-t(b) was associated with significantly higher frequencies of charge and larger size in fish from the Arlee strain. However, fish from the DeSmet strain with Pgm-1-t(b) were no more aggressive or longer than their full-sibs lacking this allele. Length was the primary determinant of dominance status in both strains, regardless of Pgm-1-t genotype. In both strains, there was no significant difference between genotypes in the frequency of lateral display and forage. Our results show that genetic differences at a single locus can have pleiotropic effects on behavior with potential adaptive significance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document