Developmental divergence among hatchery strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). II. Hybrids

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Developmental Divergence ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

The developmental rates of first generation hybrids between six closely related hatchery strains of rainbow trout are compared using hatching time, morphology, and the pattern of ontogenetic change of four enzymes. Hybrid developmental rates can not be explained by additive genetic effects. Nine of 14 hybrid types developed slower than their maternal parent. These results are consistent with a hypothesis of regulatory divergence between the hybridizing strains. Heterotic effects were observed in five hybrid groups in that hybrids developed faster than their maternal parent. A strong dominance component was observed in the reciprocal hybrids of one strain. There was no association between the degree of perturbation of hybrid developmental rates and the genetic distance between hybridizing strains. Hybrids between more distantly related strains were no more delayed in their development than those from closely related strains.Key words: developmental rate, rainbow trout, hybrids, gene regulation.

Developmental divergence among hatchery strains of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). I. Pure strains

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Development Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Glucosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Developmental Divergence

We compare the developmental rate of six closely related hatchery strains of rainbow trout. Hatching time, morphological analysis, and the pattern of ontogenetic change in lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, and phosphoglucomutase activities indicate significant differences in developmental rate between strains. There is close concordance among the different measures of developmental rate. Strains with higher levels of heterozygosity, as estimated from electrophoretic analysis of 42 loci, developed faster than less heterozygous strains. The variation in developmental rate in these closely related strains indicates that there is substantial genetic variation affecting the developmental process in rainbow trout.Key words: development rate, intraspecific variation, rainbow trout.

Pleiotropic effects of a regulatory gene (Pgm-1-t) on the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2847-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Determinant

We compared the social behavior of juvenile rainbow trout with a regulatory allele, Pgm-1-t(b), to their full-sibs without this allele. Other studies have shown that this gene has many pleiotropic effects in the Arlee strain, the most obvious being an increase in developmental rate at about the time of hatching. The frequencies of two agonistic action patterns, charge and lateral display, and two nonagonistic measures, yawn and forage, were used to describe early social behavior. Pgm-1-t(b) was associated with significantly higher frequencies of charge and larger size in fish from the Arlee strain. However, fish from the DeSmet strain with Pgm-1-t(b) were no more aggressive or longer than their full-sibs lacking this allele. Length was the primary determinant of dominance status in both strains, regardless of Pgm-1-t genotype. In both strains, there was no significant difference between genotypes in the frequency of lateral display and forage. Our results show that genetic differences at a single locus can have pleiotropic effects on behavior with potential adaptive significance.

scholarly journals HETEROZYGOSITY AND DEVELOPMENTAL RATE IN A STRAIN OF RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI )

Evolution ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf ◽  
Kathy L. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Developmental rates of embryos of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in response to various levels of temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water exchange

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1912-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hamor ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Lower Temperature

Embryos of Atlantic salmon. Salmo salur L., were incubated from fertilization to completion of hatching at 5 and 10 °C, at 20, 50, and 100% air-saturation, and at several rates of water exchange from 0.2 to 15 ml/s. Developmental rate to various structural stages, expressed as the reciprocal of time units, and hatching time were significantly controlled by temperature, oxygen supply, and rate of water exchange. Survival during embryogenesis and during the hatching period were limited primarily by oxygen supply and secondarily by water exchange, both having highly significant effects. The effect of temperature ranked third but was also statistically significant. Lower temperature reduced the rate of development and enhanced survival through hutching. Developmental rate and survival increased directly with increasing concentration of dissolved oxygen and with increasing rate of water exchange.

Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Length and Weight of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Aulstad ◽  
Trygve Gjedrem ◽  
Harald Skjervold
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Body Length ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of three-year-classes (1967–1969) were produced from random mating, and one-year-class (1970) from inbreeding. The two first-year-classes were fullsib groups. Intraclass-correlations for body length in the 1967-year-class were: 0.16, 0.15, 0.09, and 0.17 at 90, 130, 355, and 485 days of age, respectively. The corresponding estimate for the 68-year-class was 0.25 at age 110 days. Phenotypic correlations between body length at different ages were high within seasons, but low between seasons.For the 1969-year-class the sire x dam interaction component was negative at ages 150 and 280 days, indicating that nonadditive gene effects were unimportant. Estimated heritabilities ranged from 0.0 to 0.40, those from the sire component being generally higher. Environmental differences between tanks were low, but not ignorable. The 1970-year-class, produced from first generation of fullsib mating, showed significant differences between inbred and control (noninbred) for mortality of eggs and fry, but not for body weight at age 75 days.

Heterozygosity and Developmental Rate in a Strain of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

Evolution ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf ◽  
Kathy L. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Temperature Selection of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Fingerlings in Vertical and Horizontal Gradients

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1801-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McCauley ◽  
W. L. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Temperature Selection ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preferred Temperatures ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Horizontal Temperature Gradients ◽  
Selection Of

Preferred temperatures of underyearling rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were determined in both vertical and horizontal temperature gradients. No statistically significant difference was found between the preferred temperatures by the two different methods. This suggests that the nature of the gradient plays a lesser role than generally believed in laboratory investigations of temperature preference.

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