The differentiation between chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum cv. Canthatch and Triticum tauschii as measured by chromosome pairing

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Penner ◽  
E. R. Kerber ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Homologous Chromosome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Intraspecific Divergence ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

Disomic substitution stocks in which chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum cv. Canthatch was replaced by the corresponding homologous chromosome of each of four varieties of Triticum tauschii were crossed with 'Canthatch' to investigate the degree of differentiation for this chromosome between these two species. These disomic substitutions were also crossed with a 'Canthatch' plant double monotelosomic for chromosome 7D. Three double telotrisomics were produced, one of which had the complete 7D chromosome derived from 'Canthatch', one had 7D derived from the T. tauschii var. typica, and one had 7D from T. tauschii var. strangulata. Analysis of chromosome pairing demonstrated that chromosome 7D from var. typica formed fewer bound arms with 'Canthatch' 7D than did the corresponding chromosome from the other three tauschii varieties. The reduction in pairing between chromosomes 7D of var. typica and 'Canthatch' is greater than that previously reported from intraspecific D-genome chromosome pairing studies within T. aestivum. It is suggested that intraspecific divergence for at least chromosome 7D occurred between var. typica and these other three tauschii varieties before the synthesis of common hexaploid wheat.Key words: Triticum, aneuploidy, chromosome pairing, chromosome substitution.

EFFECTS OF CHROMOSOME 7D OF Triticum aestivum ’CANTHATCH’ AND OF FOUR VARIETIES OF Triticum tauschii ON MILLING AND BAKING QUALITY

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. PENNER ◽  
E. N. LARTER ◽  
E. R. KERBER ◽  
O. M. LUKOW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Flour Quality ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aneuploid Chromosome ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploids

Chromosome 7D of Triticum aestivum ’Canthatch’ was examined for its effects on milling and baking quality by investigating three aneuploid lines of this cultivar—one ditelosomic for 7DS, one ditelosomic for 7DL and one nullisomic for 7D. Also, the effects on milling and baking quality of chromosome 7D and of the complete D genome from the Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (2n = 14 = DD) varieties RL5003, typica, anathera and strangulata were examined using disomic substitutions and synthetic hexaploids (2n = 42 = AABBDD). The long arm of Canthatch chromosome 7D had positive effects on seed size, test weight and flour quality. With respect to milling and baking quality, chromosome 7D of Triticum tauschii fully compensated for 7D Canthatch.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Triticum tauschii, baking quality, aneuploid, chromosome substitution

NEW HYBRIDS WITH D GENOME WHEAT RELATIVES

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-515
Author(s):  
Y H Zhao ◽  
G Kimber
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Relative Affinity

ABSTRACT The cytology of nine new D genome hybrids involving Triticum syriacum, Triticum ventricosum, Triticum cyclindricum, Triticum juvenale, Triticum crassum, Triticum tauschii and Triticum aestivum is described. The calculation of numerical values of the relative affinity and the patterns of chromosome pairing indicate that the D genome in T. syriacum and T. juvenale may have been substantially modified and that of T. crassum somewhat modified from that of the diploid progenitor, T. tauschii.

INHERITANCE OF THE TYPE OF SOLID STEM IN GOLDEN BALL (TRITICUM DURUM): II. CYTOGENETICS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN SOLID STEM AND OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN HEXAPLOID F5 LINES OF A HYBRID WITH RESCUE (T. AESTIVUM)

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1207-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
Pentaploid Hybrid ◽  
Golden Ball ◽  
Solid Stem

Cytogenetic analysis of selected F5 lines of the pentaploid hybrid, Rescue (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) × Golden Ball (T. durum Desf.) showed that chromosome XVI is the member of the D genome of Rescue that prevents transfer of the more solid top culm internode of Golden Ball to hexaploid segregates. It also produces a lax spike. Chromosome XX, which is the D-genome chromosome mainly responsible for the hollowness of hollow-stemmed hexaploids, probably has little effect in Rescue. Long awns were associated with low chromosome number but not with stem solidness or dense spike; therefore, the chromosome that suppresses awn development is probably not XVI.Three 42-chromosome segregates from the cross were more solid in the top internode than Rescue, presumably because of segregation of genes in the A and B genomes. It is unlikely, however, that a fully hexaploid segregate with a top internode as solid as that of Golden Ball can be selected from this hybrid.

GENETIC REGULATION OF HETEROGENETIC CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN POLYPLOID SPECIES OF THE GENUS TRITICUM sensu lato

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McGuire ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
A Genome

Polyploid species of Triticum sensu lato were crossed with Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cv. Chinese Spring monotelodisomics or ditelosomics that were monosomic for chromosome 5B. Progeny from these crosses were either euploid, nullisomic for 5B, monotelosomic for a given Chinese Spring chromosome, or nullisomic for 5B and monotelosomic simultaneously. The Chinese Spring telosome in the hybrids permitted the evaluation of autosyndesis of chromosomes of the tested species. In addition, several Chinese Spring eu- and aneuhaploids were produced. Genotypes of T. cylindricum Ces., T. juvenale Thell., T. triunciale (L.) Raspail, T. ovatum (L.) Raspail, T. columnare (Zhuk.) Morris et Sears, T. triaristatum (Willd.) Godr. et Gren., and T. rectum (Zhuk.) comb. nov. were all shown to have suppressive effects on heterogenetic pairing in hybrids lacking 5B or 3AS, whereas T. kotschyi (Boiss.) Bowden had no effect. It was concluded that diploid-like meiosis in these species is due to genetic regulation. A number of these genotypes promoted heterogenetic pairing in the presence of 5B. A model is presented to explain this dichotomous behavior of the tested genotypes. Monotelosomic-3AL haploids had a greater amount of pairing than did euhaploid Chinese Spring, which substantiated the presence of a pairing suppressor(s) on the 3AS arm. Evidence is presented that shows that T. juvenale does not have a genome homologous with the D genome of T. aestivum.

CYTOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF PENTAPLOID WHEAT HYBRIDS WITH INDUCED PAIRING BETWEEN HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kushnir ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Two mutants, each promoting homoeologous chromosome pairing in hexaploid wheat (Triticum × aestivum L. emend gr. aestivum), in the cultivar Chinese Spring, ph1b at the Ph locus on chromosome 5BL and the other, ph2, on chromosome 3DS, were compared for their influence on chromosome pairing and fertility in pentaploid hybrids with Triticum turgidum L. emend var. dicoccoides (Korn. in litt. in Schweinf.). The mutants induced increased multivalent frequency over the normal pentaploid. Lower univalent frequencies in the ph2-pentaploid, compared with the normal pentaploid, indicated that D-genome chromosomes of the former were substantially involved in homoeologous pairing. Certain differences in other meiotic processes and fertility among the pentaploids may reflect differences in the activity of the pairing genes. There appeared to be a higher level of univalent elimination in pollen and egg cells in the ph2-, compared with the ph1b-pentaploid. Tetrad formation was close to normal in the ph2- pentaploid but exhibited high levels of abnormality (monads, dyads, triads and apolar tetrads) in the ph1b-pentaploid. Fertility levels in crosses of the pentaploids with hexaploid wheat, while low, were much lower for the ph1b-, compared with the ph2-pentaploid.

A genetic linkage map of Triticum tauschii (DD) and its relationship to the D genome of bread wheat (AABBDD)

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Gill ◽  
E. L. Lubbers ◽  
B. S. Gill ◽  
W. J. Raupp ◽  
T. S. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

One hundred and seventy-eight loci have been mapped in Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (2n = 14, DD) and Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. (2n = 42, AABBDD). Thirty-five loci were mapped by aneuploid analysis in T. aestivum. One hundred and fifty-two loci, including 143 restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), 8 proteins, and 1 leaf rust resistance gene, were mapped in an F2 population (60 plants) of T. tauschii. One hundred and twenty-seven loci were placed in linkage groups belonging to seven D-genome chromosomes of T. tauschii. The source of the probes was a PstI genomic library of T. tauschii, which gave 13% single-low copy clones. Four restriction endonucleases (DraI, EcoRI, EcoRV, HindIII) gave 75% polymorphism between the two parents. Nineteen clones detected multiloci ranging from two to nine in number. Deletions–insertions and point mutations were equally important for generating RFLPs. A hypervariable sequence was identified, which may have potential use in varietal fingerprinting. One marker was found to be linked to a rust-resistance gene. The map will be useful for determining genetic relationships in the Triticeae and for tagging genes of economic importance.Key words: restriction fragment length polymorphism, Triticum aestivum, leaf rust, isozymes, Aegilops squarrosa.

METAPHASE I PAIRING FREQUENCIES OF INDIVIDUAL AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOME ARMS WITH TRITICUM CHROMOSOMES

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase I

Ten telocentric chromosomes of diploid Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.B. (2n = 14) were added to the chromosome complement of Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. The ditelosomic additions were crossed with Triticum speltoides (Tausch) Gren. ex Richter, and in the tetraploid hybrids the pairing frequencies of the telosomes were determined, expressed as percent of PMC's in which a telosome paired at metaphase I. All Agropyron telosomes paired with Triticum chromosomes. The pairing frequencies ranged from 4.4% to 41.2% of the PMC's, it is concluded that none of the ten Agropyron chromosome arms has a homologous partner among the four Triticum genomes involved. The pairing frequencies did not correlate with the lengths of the telosomes. Pairing of the Agropyron telosomes in these tetraploid hybrids approximated the chromosome pairing that occurred in a diploid hybrid T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (the donor of the D genome of T. aestivum) × A. elongatum.

The inheritance of genetic variation in Triticum speltoides affecting heterogenetic chromosome pairing in hybrids with Triticum aestivum

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Chen ◽  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Duplicate Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Minor Genes

Triticum speltoides (Tausch) Gren. ex Richter plants which differed in the ability to promote heterogenetic chromosome pairing in hybrids T. aestivum L. × T. speltoides were crossed and a single F1 plant from each cross was hybridized with T. aestivum. The segregation among the hybrids for mean number of chiasmata per cell showed that two gene systems in T. speltoides genotypes were involved in the promotion of heterogenetic pairing. One system was composed of two duplicate gene loci segregating independently of each other. Variation at these loci determined two basic levels of heterogenetic pairing. The other system was composed of several minor genes extensively modifying the effects of the major genes. The minor genes interacted mostly in an additive fashion. Triticum speltoides inbred plants were then crossed with diploid species. T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal and T. dichasians (Zhuk.) Bowden. Consistent differences in the levels of chromosome pairing were found in these hybrids. However, this variation in chromosome pairing did not coincide with the variation at the major gene loci. This indicated that the major genes were ineffective in the diploid hybrids.Key words: Triticum, pairing regulation, homeologous pairing, heterogenetic pairing.

The D genome of the Triticeae

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kimber ◽  
Y. H. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Metaphase Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Metaphase ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Triticum Tauschii ◽  
Genome Species ◽  
Relative Affinity

Twenty interspecific hybrid combinations involving wheat D-genome species were made and their first meiotic metaphase chromosome pairing was observed. Optimum values of the relative affinity of the most closely related genomes were calculated. It is possible to divide the species into three clusters: first, Triticum tauschii, T. aestivum, T. cylindricum, and T. ventricosum, in which the D genome has undergone little modification; second, tetraploid and hexaploid T. crassum in which the D genome is somewhat modified; and third, T. juvenale and T. syriacum, in which the D genome is substantially modified.

THE HOMOEOLOGY OF AEGILOPS MUTICA CHROMOSOMES

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Jones ◽  
B. N. Majisu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Ancestral Species ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Triticum Species ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa

Chromosome pairing in Aegilops squarrosa × Ae. mutica hybrids was almost regular and exceeded the pairing in hybrids between Ae. mutica and Sitopsis species of Aegilops, and between Ae. mutica and diploid Triticum species. The Ae. mutica genome is homoeologous with the A, S(B) and D genomes present in wheat, and the evidence reported and reviewed does not suggest that this genome is homoeologous with the B genome of Triticum aestivum in particular. The chromosomes of Ae. mutica appear to have considerable homoeology with the D genome of Ae. squarrosa, and the general homoeology may indicate that it is an ancestral species in the Triticinae. Analysis of chromosome pairing in triploid hybrids supports the hypothesis that factors in Ae. mutica do not independently produce additional homoeologous pairing other than that permitted by the suppression of regulation.

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