Probabilistic design strategy for improved Austin-Moore stem used in artificial cementless hip prosthesis considering material property uncertainty

Introduction. The use of probabilistic analysis is important when the input data are random, that leads to stochastic results. This paper describes the integration of a probabilistic design strategy of the solid and hollow stems implanted in a proximal femur in order to compare their advantages. The used hollow stem is called “Improved Austin-Moore” (IAM) model. Materials and Methods. Probabilistic methods allow variations in factors which control the biomechanical effects of the implanted femur to be taken into account while determining its performance. Different material properties were generated randomly using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Monte Carlo sampling techniques were applied, and different von Mises stresses of the layers (bone and metal) were chosen as a performance indicator. Results. A simple 2D implant-bone study of solid and IAM stem design was carried out with a high level of confidence, 99.87%, which corresponds to a target reliability index with regard to statistical uncertainties. The probabilistic design results show that the input and output parameters for the IAM stem are highly correlated relative to those for the solid stem. Discussion and Conclusions. The sensitivity analysis shows that the input parameters for the IAM stem play a much larger part in the output parameters relative to the solid stem. The IAM stem is much more advantageous than the solid stem which causes an increase in the performance of the hip prosthesis.

AAC Stronghold durum wheat

AAC Stronghold durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. Averaged over 3 yr, AAC Stronghold yielded significantly more grain than AC Navigator. AAC Stronghold had a protein concentration significantly less than Strongfield but significantly more than Brigade. AAC Stronghold had a plant height significantly shorter than Brigade, Strongfield, and AAC Cabri, with a lodging score significantly less than Strongfield and AAC Cabri. AAC Stronghold has a solid stem, which confers resistance to cutting by the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Norton). AAC Stronghold had low grain cadmium concentration and stronger gluten than Strongfield. AAC Stronghold is eligible for grades of Canada Western Amber Durum.

CDC Fortitude durum wheat

Pozniak, C. J., Nilsen, K., Clarke, J. M. and Beres, B. L. 2015. CDC Fortitude durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1013–1019. CDC Fortitude durum wheat is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. This conventional-height durum wheat cultivar combines high grain yield potential with high grain pigment and protein concentrations and low grain cadmium. CDC Fortitude has strong straw with a solid stem (high degree of pith expression) conferring wheat stem sawfly resistance. CDC Fortitude expresses leaf, stem, and stripe rust, common bunt, loose smut and Fusarium head blight resistance similar to the current check cultivars.

AAC Raymore durum wheat

Singh, A. K., Clarke, J. M., Knox, R. E., DePauw, R. M., McCaig, T. N., Cuthbert, R. D., Clarke, F. R. and Fernandez, M. R. 2014. AAC Raymore durum wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1289–1296. AAC Raymore durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] is adapted to the durum production area of the Canadian prairies. AAC Raymore is the first solid stem durum genotype registered for production in Canada for protection against wheat stem sawfly, and combines high grain yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, and low grain cadmium concentration. AAC Raymore has similar straw strength, plant height, and days to maturity as Strongfield. AAC Raymore is resistant to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust, common bunt, is moderately susceptible to loose smut, and has improved resistance to common root rot compared with the check cultivars. AAC Raymore has end use quality suitable for the Canada Western Amber Durum class.

Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). II. Other germplasm

Beres, B. L., Cárcamo, H. A., Byers, J. R., Clarke, F. R., Ruan, Y., Pozniak, C. J., Basu, S. K. and DePauw, R. M. 2013. Host plant interactions between wheat germplasm source and wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). II. Other germplasm. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1169–1177. The wheat stem sawfly (WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) is an economically destructive insect pest of wheat in the northern Great Plains. Solid stem cultivar selection is one critical component to the integrated management of WSS. A significant resurgence of WSS in the southern prairies of Canada caused substantial economic losses from 1999 through 2007, which was compounded by the low adoption rate of solid-stem cultivars. A study was conducted from 2003 to 2005 in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada: (1) to characterize resistance levels in solid-stem germplasm derived from S615 and alternate genetic backgrounds, and (2) to determine the impact of host plant tolerance on WSS population dynamics. The tetraploid cultivar Golden Ball and its hexaploid derivative G9608B1-L-12J11BF02 were the most consistent at reducing damage, larval growth (fitness), and fecundity of WSS. The challenge will be to maintain this level of efficacy as the Canada Western Red Spring phenotype is reintroduced into the germplasm. Our study suggests solid-stem cultivars are highly effective but prone to inconsistent performance and should therefore be integrated into a holistic strategy for WSS that includes agronomics and biocontrol.