Differentiation of H genomes in the genus Critesion: evidence from synthetic hybrids involving Elymus and Critesion and one natural hybrid of C. violaceum and C. bogdanii

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. -C. Wang ◽  
C. Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Spike Morphology ◽  
Genome Differentiation ◽  
Synthetic Hybrids ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Elymus Species

Hybrids of Elymus canadensis (2n = 28; SSHH) × Critesion californicum (2n = 14) and E. canadensis × C. bulbosum (2n = 14) were synthesized at relative frequencies of 11.8 and 0.3%, respectively, by the aid of embryo rescue techniques. A natural hybrid was identified as C. violaceum × C. bogdanii (2n = 14) by a combination of karytotype analysis and plant morphology. Gross spike morphology of the hybrids was intermediate to that of the parents. Meiotic chromosome pairings in these hybrids suggested that the genome of C. californicum and C. bogdanii is more or less homologous with one of the two genomes of E. canadensis. Genomes of C. violaceum and C. bulbosum appeared to be different from each other and from those in C. bogdanii and C. californicum. Based on the data in this study and others, the degree of genome differentiation among some Critesion and some Elymus species containing the H genome was examined and discussed. The symbol H is proposed for the genome in C. bogdanii and C. californicum, Hv for C. violaceum, Hb for C. bulbosum, and Hc for C. chilense.Key words: interspecific hybrids, synapsis, phylogeny, Hordeum, Elymus, Critesion.

CYTOTAXONOMY OF THE SPECIES AND INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF THE GENUS ELYMUS IN CANADA AND NEIGHBORING AREAS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Elymus Species

A cytotaxonomic treatment is given for 12 native species, 2 introduced species, and 3 natural interspecific hybrids of the genus Elymus L. that occur in Canada. Five of the native Elymus species and an additional natural interspecific hybrid are found in Alaska. Eleven of the native species, one introduced species, and two of the natural interspecific hybrids are present in the mainland United States. Some additional native species and natural interspecific hybrids of Elymus from the mainland United States are treated briefly.Nomenclatural proposals include: Elymusglaucus Buckl. var. virescens (Piper) Bowden; E. ×uclueletensis Bowden (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. glaucus Buckl. var. glaucus); E. × aleuticus Hultén (pro sp.) (E. mollis Trin. f. mollis × E. hirsutus Presl); E. canadensis L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowden f. wiegandii and f. calvescens (Fern.) Bowden; E. ×maltei Bowden nm. maltei, nm. simulans Bowden, nm. churchii Bowden, and nm. brownii Bowden (E. virginicus L. × E. canadensis L.); E. virginicus L. var. jenkinsii Bowden; E. hystrix L. var. bigelovianus (Fern.) Bowden; E.piperi Bowden; E. innovatus Beal subsp. innovatus var. glabratus Bowden; and E. triticoides Buckl. var. pacificus (Gould) Bowden. Hystrixpatula Moench is here treated as Elymushystrix L.Voucher specimens are cited for the following chromosome number determinations:(1) diploid, 2n = 14: Elymusjunceus.(2) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus canadensis var. canadensis, E. canadensis var. wiegandii f. wiegandii, E. diversiglumis, E. glaucus var. glaucus, E. glaucus var. virescens, E. hirsutus, E, hystrix var. hystrix, E. hystrix var. bigelovianus, E. innovatus subsp. innovatus var. innovatus, E. × maltei nm. maltei, E. riparius, E. sibiricus, E. villosus f. villosus, E. virginicus var. virginicus f. virginicus, and E. virginicus var. submuticus.Earlier literature reports (based on voucher specimens) are given for the following:(1) tetraploid, 2n = 28: Elymus mollis (two subsp. and three forms), E. piperi, and E. × vancouverensis nm. crescentianus.(2) hexaploid, 2n = 42: Elymus × vancouverensis nm. vancouverensis, and E. × vancouverensis nm. californicus.(3) octoploid, 2n = 56: Elymus arenarius, E. innovatus subsp. velutinus, and E. piperi.

Intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum jubatum (4x) and Triticum aestivum (6x)

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Comeau ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
C. A. St-Pierre ◽  
R. Cazeault
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Brittle Rachis ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum

Twelve embryos of interspecific hybrids between Hordeum jubatum (4x) and Triticum aestivum (6x) cv. Fukuho were produced out of 280 pollinated florets. Embryos were minute and globular and only one of them was successfully grown in vitro. Plant morphology of the hybrid was intermediate between the two parents and hybrid vigor was observed. Several traits of the hybrid were characteristic of the Hordeum parent such as brittle rachis, long awn, outerglume characteristics, and foliage waxiness being the most prominent. Average meiotic chromosome pairing in the hybrid was 28.6 univalents + 3.2 bivalents + 0.007 trivalents, which is not above what would be expected in a common wheat haploid.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Critesion, Hordeum, Triticum, meiosis.

scholarly journals Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Pennisetum interspecific hybrids and its effect on plant morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshpreet Kaur ◽  
Rahul Kapoor ◽  
Yogesh Vikal ◽  
Anu Kalia
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Stomatal Frequency ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Stomata Size

We report the production of hexaploid plants of interspecific hybrids of Pennisetum, with the ultimate aim to improve the biomass yield, drought tolerance and multicut behaviour of this genus. Chromosome doubling was achieved with the application of colchicine at three different concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2%) for two time durations (12 and 24 hours). The root slips and stem cuttings of interspecific hybrids were used for treatment and the root slips were found to be more efficient. The preliminary screening to select the putative hexaploid plant was done based on stomatal frequency and morphology. Plants containing significantly lower stomatal frequency and larger stomata size were selected for further analysis by chromosome counting. This experiment confirmed that 0.1% concentration of colchicine treatment to root slips for 24 hours was more effective to induce the amphiploids in Pennisetum.

scholarly journals Oligo-painting and GISH reveal meiotic chromosome biases and increased meiotic stability in synthetic allotetraploid Cucumis ×hytivus with dysploid parental karyotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinzheng Zhao ◽  
Yunzhu Wang ◽  
Yunfei Bi ◽  
Yufei Zhai ◽  
Xiaqing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Inbred Family

Abstract Background Meiosis of newly formed allopolyploids frequently encounter perturbations induced by the merging of divergent and hybridizable genomes. However, to date, the meiotic properties of allopolyploids with dysploid parental karyotypes have not been studied in detail. The allotetraploid Cucumis ×hytivus (HHCC, 2n = 38) was obtained from interspecific hybridization between C. sativus (CC, 2n = 14) and C. hystrix (HH, 2n = 24) followed by chromosome doubling. The results of this study thus offer an excellent opportunity to explore the meiotic properties of allopolyploids with dysploid parental karyotypes. Results In this report, we describe the meiotic properties of five chromosomes (C5, C7, H1, H9 and H10) and two genomes in interspecific hybrids and C. ×hytivus (the 4th and 14th inbred family) through oligo-painting and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). We show that 1) only two translocations carrying C5-oligo signals were detected on the chromosomes C2 and C4 of one 14th individual by the karyotyping of eight 4th and 36 14th plants based on C5- and C7-oligo painting, and possible cytological evidence was observed in meiosis of the 4th generation; 2) individual chromosome have biases for homoeologous pairing and univalent formation in F1 hybrids and allotetraploids; 3) extensive H-chromosome autosyndetic pairings (e.g., H-H, 25.5% PMCs) were observed in interspecific F1 hybrid, whereas no C-chromosome autosyndetic pairings were observed (e.g. C-C); 4) the meiotic properties of two subgenomes have significant biases in allotetraploids: H-subgenome exhibits higher univalent and chromosome lagging frequencies than C-subgenome; and 5) increased meiotic stability in the S14 generation compared with the S4 generation, including synchronous meiosis behavior, reduced incidents of univalent and chromosome lagging. Conclusions These results suggest that the meiotic behavior of two subgenomes has dramatic biases in response to interspecific hybridization and allopolyploidization, and the meiotic behavior harmony of subgenomes is a key subject of meiosis evolution in C. ×hytivus. This study helps to elucidate the meiotic properties and evolution of nascent allopolyploids with the dysploid parental karyotypes.

NEW INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF ALSTROEMERIA OBTAINED THROUGH IN VITRO EMBRYO-RESCUE

2000 ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Burchi ◽  
A. Mercuri ◽  
C. Bianchini ◽  
R. Bregliano ◽  
T. Schiva
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Embryo Rescue

scholarly journals Embryo Rescue in Wide Crosses in Arachis. 3. In vitro Culture of Peg Tips of A. hypogaea Selfs and Interspecific Hybrids1

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Moss ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Callus Production

Abstract Embryo rescue in wide crosses in Arachis has only been achieved from culturing ovules excised from well developed pods, or from immature pods derived from flowers treated with gibberellic acid (GA) and which had embryos large enough to dissect without injury. The objective of this study was to determine whether reproductive tissues could grow in vitro without the need to dissect them from the peg tip and to determine the effects of GA application on flowers at the time of pollination, age of peg when cultured, and the presence of the peg meristem on reproductive growth, callus production, and peg elongation in vitro. Pegs elongated in culture only when the peg meristem was not removed. Ovules enlarged and grew out of the surrounding peg tissue in 3.8 to 32.8% of the cultures. Significantly more ovules grew when the peg meristem was removed (p < 0.01) and when 10- and 20- day-old pegs were cultured (p < 0.05). Overall, the most successful treatment for growth of ovules was treating flowers with GA at pollination and culturing without the peg meristem 10 days after pollination when 25.0 and 32.8% of all hybrid and selfed ovules, respectively, grew. Embryo growth was observed in an average of 8.4 and 17.6% of embryo sacs in hybrid and self peg tips, respectively, with several embryos reaching the globular stage after 21 days in vitro. This illustrates the potential for culturing young reproductive tissues of Arachis to recover interspecific hybrids.

scholarly journals In situ embryo rescue for generation of wide intra- and interspecific hybrids of Panicum virgatum L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert P. Kausch ◽  
Michael Tilelli ◽  
Joel Hague ◽  
Christopher Heffelfinger ◽  
David Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L

Synthetic and natural hybrids of Psathyrostachys huashanica

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. -C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Psathyrostachys Huashanica ◽  
Spike Morphology ◽  
Natural Hybrids ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Synthetic Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Analyses ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
The Relationship

Three synthetic hybrids and two natural hybrids involving Psathyrostachys huashanica are reported. Gross spike morphology of the hybrids of Pseudoroegneria cognata and Pseudoroegneria spicata ssp. inermis with P. hauashanica was not as indicative of hybridity as in other hybrids involving P. huashanica. Meiotic analyses of these two synthetic hybrids confirmed that little homology exists between the genomes S and Nh. Coenocytism in the hybrids P. huashanica × Secale montanum led to the formation of pseudomicrospores in nondehiscent anthers. No metaphase through telophase chromosome stages could be observed and thus the relationship between genomes Nh and R could not be assessed. Intermediate spike morphology of, and the sterility in, natural hybrids of P. huashanica with P. fragilis and P. juncea substantiated their hybridity. High meiotic pairing in hybrids between P. huashanica and P. fragilis, averaging 1.03 I + 6.48 II, indicated a close relationship between the two species. Occasional high pairing and frequent abnormal meiosis, manifested by degenerating prophase pollen mother cells (PMCs) and empty anthers lacking PMCs of later stages, in the hybrid P. huashanica × P. juncea suggested a more distant relationship between the parental species. It is concluded that P. fragilis is more closely related to P. huashanica than P. juncea. Key words: hybrid (intergeneric), hybrid (interspecific), genome, coenocyte, chromosome diminution, Psathyrostachys, Pseudoroegneria, Secale.

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