Meiotic pairing control in wheat–rye hybrids. I. Effect of different wheat chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 3 and 5

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cuadrado ◽  
C. Romero ◽  
J. R. Lacadena
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Wheat–rye hybrids were analyzed to study how the homoeologous-pairing control of wheat is altered when specific regulators of groups 3 and 5 are lacking or mutated. Lack of the 3DS chromosome arm and the ph2b mutation showed the most significant effect, due to a deficiency or inactivity of the Ph2 suppressor. The 3DL, 5AS, and 5BS chromosome arms have a promoting effect, 5BS being the most effective. A weak suppressive effect of 3AS and 3AL is proposed, and a promotive effect of 5DS was not ruled out. The suppressive effect of 3BS is discussed.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, homoeologous chromosomes, genetic pairing regulation.

scholarly journals Wheat mutants permitting homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wall ◽  
Ralph Riley ◽  
Victor Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

SUMMARYPlants of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42) ditelocentric 5BL were treated with EMS in order to produce mutations in the 5B system by which meiotic pairing between homoeologous chromosomes is normally prevented. To check for the occurrence of mutation T. aestivum ditelo-5BL plants were pollinated with rye (Secale cereale 2n = 14) and meiosis was examined in the resulting hybrids.Wheat-rye hybrids were scored for the presence of mutants when the wheat parents were either the EMS-treated wheat plants, or their selfed derivatives, or their progenies obtained after pollination with untreated euploid individuals.Mutants were detected by each of these procedures and mutant gametes were produced by the treated ditelocentric plants with frequencies between 1·5 and 2·5%, but there were differences between the mutants in the extent to which homoeologous pairing occurred in the derived wheat-rye hybrids. The differences may have resulted from the occurrence of mutation at different loci or to different extents at the same locus.Two mutants, Mutant 10/13 and Mutant 61, were fixed in the homozygous condition. Mutant 10/13 was made homozygous both in the 5BL ditelocentric and in the euploid conditions but these genotypes regularly formed 21 bivalents at meiosis, and there was no indication of homoeologous pairing although the mutant 10/13 gave rise to homoeologous pairing in wheat-rye hybrids.

scholarly journals The position of a locus on chromosome 5B of Triticum aestivum affecting homoeologous meiotic pairing

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wall ◽  
Ralph Riley ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Mutant Locus ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

SUMMARYAn investigation was made of the chromosomal position of the mutant locus, in Mutant 10/13 of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing at meiosis. In hybrids between Mutant 10/13 and rye (Secale cereale 2n = 14), homoeologous chromosomes frequently pair at meiosis although normally, in wheat-rye hybrids, this happens infrequently.The association of the mutant condition with chromosome 5B was determined by (i) the absence of segregation in hybrids obtained when Mutant 10/13 monosomic 5B was pollinated by rye; (ii) the occurrence of trisomie segregation for pairing behaviour in 28-chromosome wheat-rye hybrids, obtained from SB trisomie wheat parents with two 5B chromosome from a non-mutant and one from a mutant parent; (iii) the absence of segregation for pairing behaviour in the 29-chromosome wheat-rye hybrids obtained from the same trisomie wheat parents.The alternative pairing behaviours segregated independently of the centromere when wheat plants that were simultaneously heteromorphic, 5BL telocentric/5B complete, and heterozygous for the Mutant 10/13 state, were pollinated by rye. The alternative chromosome-pairing patterns segregated to give a ratio not different from 1:1, so that the association of homoeologous pairing with Mutant 10/13 probably derived from the occurrence of mutation at a single locus on 5BL. In the disomic heteromorphic state, 5BL was 91 map units in length.Trisomie wheats with two complete 5B chromosomes and one 5BL telocentric, that were also heterozygous for the Mutant 10/13 condition, were pollinated by rye. Among the resulting 28-chromosome hybrids there was a 2:1 segregation of hybrids with low pairing: high (homoeologous) pairing and also of hybrids with complete 5B: telocentric 5BL. However, there was no evidence of linkage in this trisomie segregation. All the 29-chromosome hybrids from this cross had low pairing and it could be concluded that the single mutant allele, in Mutant 10/13, was recessive. In the trisomie condition, relative to a simplex situation, 5BL was 33·05 map units in length.The critical locus on 5BL was designated Pairing homoeologous. The normal dominant allele was symbolized Ph and the recessive allele, in Mutant 10/13, ph.The prevention of homoeologous pairing by the activity of a single locus makes the evolution of the regular meiotic behaviour of T. aestivum more readily comprehensible.

Different genetic systems in rye affecting homoeologous pairing in wheat – rye combinations

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cuadrado ◽  
C. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Polygenic System

The present study analyzed meiotic pairing in wheat – rye hybrids obtained by crossing of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring with allogamous ryes, two cultivars of Secale cereale ('Don Enrique' and 'Selectión') and Secale cereale ssp. segetale. The results indicate that each rye type has different behaviour on hybrid meiotic pairing because they contain distinct genetic systems affecting meiotic pairing. In the case of 'Don Enrique' and 'Selección,' a polygenic system could be present, but not identical in both cultivars. On the other hand, Secale cereale ssp. segetale contained genes that strongly affect the genetic system controlling homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: homoeologous pairing, wheat – rye hybrids, polygenic system, major genes.

scholarly journals Homoeologous pairing of a chromosome from Agropyron elongatum with those of Triticum aestivum and Aegilops speltoides

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johnson ◽  
Gordon Kimber
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Telocentric Chromosome ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Genetic Compensation ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

1. Complex hybrids were produced having twenty-nine chromosomes, consisting of one telocentric and twenty complete chromosomes of T. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), seven complete chromosomes of Ae. speltoides (2n = 2x = 14) and one telocentric chromosome derived from A. elongatum (2n = 10x = 70). The presence of the Ae. speltoides genome permitted pairing between homoeologous chromosomes at meiosis and the behaviour of the two telocentric chromosomes was observed.2. The A. elongatum chromosome was seen to pair with chromosomes homoeologous to those of group 6. There was no evidence that it paired with chromosomes of any other group.3. When the A. elongatum telocentric and those of 6A and 6D occurred in the same configuration it was evident that the telocentrics 6A and 6D were for corresponding chromosome arms, and the A. elongatum telocentric for the opposite arm.4. The average rate of pairing was much lower for the A. elongatum telocentric than for wheat telocentrics. Previous studies had indicated very good genetic compensation of the A. elongatum chromosome for chromosomes 6A and 6D. It was therefore indicated that genetic equivalence and pairing affinity were not closely related in this case. Some implications of this are discussed.

Production and meiotic pairing behaviour of new hybrids of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) × winter barley (Hordeum vulgare)

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Molnár-Láng ◽  
G Linc ◽  
A Logojan ◽  
J Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Arm

New winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) × winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) hybrids produced using cultivated varieties (wheat 'Martonvásári 9 kr1'(Mv9 kr1) × barley 'Igri', Mv9 kr1 × 'Osnova', 'Asakazekomugi' × 'Manas') were multiplied in tissue culture because of the high degree of sterility and then pollinated with wheat to obtain backcross progenies. Meiotic analysis of the hybrids Mv9 kr1 × 'Igri' and 'Asakazekomugi' × 'Manas' and their in vitro regenerated progenies with the Feulgen method revealed 1.59 chromosome arm associations per cell in both initial hybrids. The number of chromosome arm associations increased after in vitro culture to 4.72 and 2.67, respectively, in the two combinations. According to the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analysis, wheat-barley chromosome arm associations made up 3.6% of the total in the initial Mv9 kr1 × 'Igri' hybrid and 6.6% and 16.5% of the total in in vitro regenerated progenies of the 'Asakazekomugi' × 'Manas' and Mv9 kr1 × 'Igri' hybrids, respectively. The demonstration by GISH of wheat-barley chromosome pairing in the hybrids and especially in their in vitro regenerated progenies proves the possibility of producing recombinants between these two genera, and thus of transferring useful characters from barley into wheat. In vitro conditions caused an increase in chromosome arm association frequency in both combinations and in fertility in some regenerants.Key words: wheat, barley, intergeneric hybridization, meiotic chromosome pairing, GISH.

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of intergeneric chromosomal translocations between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Dasypyrum villosum arising from tissue culture

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 756-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jie Li ◽  
Bei-Hai Guo ◽  
Yi-Wen Li ◽  
Li-Qun Du ◽  
Xu Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Chromosome Arm

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied with total genomic DNA extracted from Dasypyrum villosum (L.) Candargy as a probe to characterize chromosome translocations arising from tissue culture in hybrids of Triticum aestivum × (T. durum - D. villosum, amphiploid). Chromosome translocations between wheat and D. villosum occurred in callus cells at an average frequency of 1.9%. Translocations existed not only in callus cells but also in regenerants. Three plants with translocation chromosomes were characterized among 66 regenerants of T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' × 'TH1W' and 'NPFP' × 'TH1'. One of them proved to be a reciprocal translocation with an exchange of about one third of a wheat chromosome arm with about one half of a chromosome arm of D. villosum. The breakpoints of the other two translocations were located at, or near centromeres. The results are similar for both callus cells and regenerants and provide further evidence that translocations take place in tissue culture. Other structural chromosomal changes, for example, fragments, telocentrics, dicentromeres, and deletions, as well as numerical alterations including aneuploidy and polyploidy were recorded both in callus cells and regenerants.Key words: wheat, Dasypyrum villosum, translocation, genomic in situ hybridization, tissue culture.

scholarly journals Position Effects of Ribosomal RNA Multigene Loci on Meiotic Recombination in Wheat

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Cheng Luo ◽  
Zu-Li Yang ◽  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Genetic Length

Abstract Homeologous wheat chromosome arms that differ by the presence or absence of a Nor locus or greatly differ in the numbers of copies of rRNA genes per Nor locus show conspicuous differences in the distribution of recombination. To assess directly the position effects of Nor loci on recombination across chromosome arms, a Triticum monococcum Nor9 haplotype was substituted for Triticum aestivum Nor9 haplotypes on two T. aestivum 1A chromosomes in the isogenic background of cv Chinese Spring. The numbers of rRNA genes in the 1A Nor9 haplotypes are greatly reduced relative to the T. monococcum haplotype. The substitution resulted in reduced recombination rate in the vicinity of the Nor9 locus. An intra-arm compensatory increase was observed in the proximal region of the arm so that the genetic length of the chromosome arm was unchanged. These findings suggest that Nor loci suppress recombination in their vicinity and change recombination patterns in Nor-bearing chromosome arms.

scholarly journals CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION OF GENES CONTROLLING FLAVONOID PRODUCTION IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT

Genetics ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Paula R Neuman ◽  
J G Waines ◽  
K W Hilu ◽  
D Barnhart
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phenolic Glycoside ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

ABSTRACT Two-dimensional paper chromatography was performed on methanol extracts of leaves of hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. cultivar Chinese Spring, and of the available nullisomic-tetrasomic compensating lines, the tetrasomic lines and the ditelocentric lines. The chromatograms had 27 spots identified as flavonoids and six representing phenolic acids. Some of the areas were complex and contained more than one compound. Four flavonoids were identified as under the control of gene(s) on chromosome arms 1DS, 4DL, 5AS and 6BS. A phenolic glycoside was concluded to be controlled by a gene(s) on chromosome arm 7BL. Gene(s) on chromosome arm 4DL affected the amount of compounds in two other spots, and gene(s) on chromosome arm 4BS reduced the level of all flavonoid compounds. The individual compounds in some of the complex spots may be under the control of gene(s) on homoeologous chromosomes.

EFFECT OF THE REMOVAL OF GENES PROMOTING HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING ON CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM × TRITICUM URARTU AMPHIPLOIDS

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Specific Strain

Chromosome pairing in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring × T. urartu hybrids lacking chromosome arm 5AS or 5BS was shown to be lower than in similar hybrids involving euploid Chinese Spring. Amphiploids were produced from crosses of Chinese Spring, ditelosomic 5AL, and ditelosomic 5BL with a specific strain of T. urartu. The absence of asynapsis in the amphiploids lacking chromosome arm 5AS or 5BS provides evidence that the poor chromosome pairing observed in the corresponding F1 hybrids was due to suppression of homoeologous pairing and not to general asynapsis. This conclusion is supported by the finding that heterogenetic chromosome pairing, as evidenced by the frequency of multivalents, was lower in the ditelo 5BL × T. urartu amphiploids than in the amphiploids from the cross Chinese Spring × T. urartu.

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