Meiotic pairing control in wheat–rye hybrids. II. Effect of rye genome and rye B-chromosomes and interaction with the wheat genetic system

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cuadrado ◽  
C. Romero ◽  
J. R. Lacadena
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Wheat Parent

Several hybrid combinations between rye and wheat ditelosomic for homoeologous group 3 or 5 chromosomes or mutant ph2b were used to analyze the effects of the rye genome and rye B-chromosomes on meiotic pairing. The results indicated that the rye Bs have an effect on bound-arm frequency, which varies with the wheat genotype. If wheat suppressors are absent, pairing decreases when Bs are added; whereas if wheat promoters are lacking, a pairing increase is observed in some hybrids with two rye Bs. There was thus an interaction between the genetic systems of the two parents, with the wheat parent being the main determinant of the pairing level in the hybrids. The rye genome tends to decrease pairing in the absence of wheat suppressors and increase it when wheat promoters are lacking, and the rye Bs tend to reinforce this primary rye action.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, homoeologous pairing, B-chromosomes, promoter–suppressor interaction.

Enhanced meiotic chromosome pairing in intergeneric hybrids between Triticum aestivum and diploid Inner Mongolian Agropyron

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Chen ◽  
Joseph Jahier ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids

Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (2n = 6x = 42, ABD genomes) was crossed with diploid Inner Mongolian Agropyron Gaertn. species A. cristatum and A. mongolicum and reciprocal hybrids between them (2n = 2x = 14, P genome, with or without B chromosomes). Intergeneric hybrids with 2n = 27, 28, 32, and 33 chromosomes were produced by the aid of embryo rescue. The extra chromosomes in two hybrids were assumed to be B chromosomes transmitted by the male Agropyron parent. Average meiotic pairing in the euploid hybrid with 28 chromosomes was 14.38 univalents + 4.92 bivalents + 1.26 trivalents. This level of pairing higher than expected was likely due to homeologous associations between wheat chromosomes. This data indicates that the P genome of diploid as well as tetraploid Agropyron originating from Inner Mongolia possess a genetic system interfering with 5B homoeologous restricting system of wheat.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Triticum aestivum, diploid Agropyron species, chromosome pairing.

Different genetic systems in rye affecting homoeologous pairing in wheat – rye combinations

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cuadrado ◽  
C. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Polygenic System

The present study analyzed meiotic pairing in wheat – rye hybrids obtained by crossing of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring with allogamous ryes, two cultivars of Secale cereale ('Don Enrique' and 'Selectión') and Secale cereale ssp. segetale. The results indicate that each rye type has different behaviour on hybrid meiotic pairing because they contain distinct genetic systems affecting meiotic pairing. In the case of 'Don Enrique' and 'Selección,' a polygenic system could be present, but not identical in both cultivars. On the other hand, Secale cereale ssp. segetale contained genes that strongly affect the genetic system controlling homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: homoeologous pairing, wheat – rye hybrids, polygenic system, major genes.

scholarly journals Wheat mutants permitting homoeologous meiotic chromosome pairing

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wall ◽  
Ralph Riley ◽  
Victor Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

SUMMARYPlants of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42) ditelocentric 5BL were treated with EMS in order to produce mutations in the 5B system by which meiotic pairing between homoeologous chromosomes is normally prevented. To check for the occurrence of mutation T. aestivum ditelo-5BL plants were pollinated with rye (Secale cereale 2n = 14) and meiosis was examined in the resulting hybrids.Wheat-rye hybrids were scored for the presence of mutants when the wheat parents were either the EMS-treated wheat plants, or their selfed derivatives, or their progenies obtained after pollination with untreated euploid individuals.Mutants were detected by each of these procedures and mutant gametes were produced by the treated ditelocentric plants with frequencies between 1·5 and 2·5%, but there were differences between the mutants in the extent to which homoeologous pairing occurred in the derived wheat-rye hybrids. The differences may have resulted from the occurrence of mutation at different loci or to different extents at the same locus.Two mutants, Mutant 10/13 and Mutant 61, were fixed in the homozygous condition. Mutant 10/13 was made homozygous both in the 5BL ditelocentric and in the euploid conditions but these genotypes regularly formed 21 bivalents at meiosis, and there was no indication of homoeologous pairing although the mutant 10/13 gave rise to homoeologous pairing in wheat-rye hybrids.

scholarly journals The position of a locus on chromosome 5B of Triticum aestivum affecting homoeologous meiotic pairing

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Wall ◽  
Ralph Riley ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Mutant Locus ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

SUMMARYAn investigation was made of the chromosomal position of the mutant locus, in Mutant 10/13 of Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing at meiosis. In hybrids between Mutant 10/13 and rye (Secale cereale 2n = 14), homoeologous chromosomes frequently pair at meiosis although normally, in wheat-rye hybrids, this happens infrequently.The association of the mutant condition with chromosome 5B was determined by (i) the absence of segregation in hybrids obtained when Mutant 10/13 monosomic 5B was pollinated by rye; (ii) the occurrence of trisomie segregation for pairing behaviour in 28-chromosome wheat-rye hybrids, obtained from SB trisomie wheat parents with two 5B chromosome from a non-mutant and one from a mutant parent; (iii) the absence of segregation for pairing behaviour in the 29-chromosome wheat-rye hybrids obtained from the same trisomie wheat parents.The alternative pairing behaviours segregated independently of the centromere when wheat plants that were simultaneously heteromorphic, 5BL telocentric/5B complete, and heterozygous for the Mutant 10/13 state, were pollinated by rye. The alternative chromosome-pairing patterns segregated to give a ratio not different from 1:1, so that the association of homoeologous pairing with Mutant 10/13 probably derived from the occurrence of mutation at a single locus on 5BL. In the disomic heteromorphic state, 5BL was 91 map units in length.Trisomie wheats with two complete 5B chromosomes and one 5BL telocentric, that were also heterozygous for the Mutant 10/13 condition, were pollinated by rye. Among the resulting 28-chromosome hybrids there was a 2:1 segregation of hybrids with low pairing: high (homoeologous) pairing and also of hybrids with complete 5B: telocentric 5BL. However, there was no evidence of linkage in this trisomie segregation. All the 29-chromosome hybrids from this cross had low pairing and it could be concluded that the single mutant allele, in Mutant 10/13, was recessive. In the trisomie condition, relative to a simplex situation, 5BL was 33·05 map units in length.The critical locus on 5BL was designated Pairing homoeologous. The normal dominant allele was symbolized Ph and the recessive allele, in Mutant 10/13, ph.The prevention of homoeologous pairing by the activity of a single locus makes the evolution of the regular meiotic behaviour of T. aestivum more readily comprehensible.

GENETIC SUPPRESSION OF HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Genetic Suppression ◽  
Group 3

Greater genetic complexity has been revealed for the control of bivalency in hexaploid wheat. A suppressor of homoeologous pairing has been detected on chromosome 3A. Thus, there are two suppressors in homoeologous group 3. The 3A suppressor may be homoeoallelic to either the suppressor on 3Dβ or the promoter, detected in this study, on 3Dα. Individually these two suppressors are less effective than the suppressor on the long arm of chromosome 5B; however, their combined effect is yet to be studied. This greater complexity suggests that hexaploid wheat may not be too dissimilar to other polyploids as regards genetic control of bivalency. The mode of action of these suppressors appears to be consistent with a heteromultimeric hypothesis.

The chromosomal location of genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat and related species

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Liu ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Aegilops Sharonensis ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group 3

Analysis of NADH dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) by flat-bed isoelectric focusing revealed a genetic system involving four sets of Ndh loci. The Ndh-A1 locus, previously identified on chromosome arm 4AL, was confirmed. Homoeoloci Ndh-R1 in rye, Ndh-H1 in barley, Ndh-Hch1 in Hordeum chilense, Ndh-Sl1 in Aegilops sharonensis, and Ndh-V1 in Dasypyrum villosum were also identified. The Ndh-2 loci, encoding monomeric isozymes, were found in the short arms of homoeologous group 7 chromosomes. Homoeoloci Ndh-A2, Ndh-D2, and Ndh-R2 are described. The Ndh-3 set, encoding multimeric isozymes, were found on each of the homoeologous group 3 chromosome long arms. An Ndh-B3b variant and homoeoloci Ndh-R3 (on chromosome arm 6RL), Ndh-H3, and Ndh-Sl3 are described. The Ndh-4 set, encoding monomeric isozymes for which no varietal variation was found, were identified on the short arms of group 3 chromosomes. Ndh-A4, Ndh-B4, Ndh-H4, Ndh-R4, and Ndh-E4 (Agropyron elongatum) homoeoloci are described.Key words: NADH dehydrogenase, isozymes, wheat, Triticeae.

The effect of homoeologous group 3 chromosomes on chromosome pairing and crossability in Triticum aestivum

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Miller ◽  
S. M. Reader ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Group 3

Differences in the level of chromosome pairing in hybrids between 'Chinese Spring' wheat homoeologous group 3 aneuploids and rye and in homoeologous group 3 aneuhaploids were studied. Factors affecting chromosome pairing were detected or confirmed on both arms of the chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 in wheat. Effects were also identified on chromosome 3R of rye and a chromosome of Hordeum bulbosum. Factors affecting crossability between 'Chinese Spring' wheat and H. bulbosum were also found on chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D. A correlation was shown between increased pairing and reduced crossability.

Meiotic pairing control in wheat–rye hybrids. I. Effect of different wheat chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 3 and 5

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cuadrado ◽  
C. Romero ◽  
J. R. Lacadena
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Wheat–rye hybrids were analyzed to study how the homoeologous-pairing control of wheat is altered when specific regulators of groups 3 and 5 are lacking or mutated. Lack of the 3DS chromosome arm and the ph2b mutation showed the most significant effect, due to a deficiency or inactivity of the Ph2 suppressor. The 3DL, 5AS, and 5BS chromosome arms have a promoting effect, 5BS being the most effective. A weak suppressive effect of 3AS and 3AL is proposed, and a promotive effect of 5DS was not ruled out. The suppressive effect of 3BS is discussed.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, homoeologous chromosomes, genetic pairing regulation.

scholarly journals Chromatid and chromosome type breakage-fusion-bridge cycles in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 1069-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Lukaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Ring Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Type ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Morphological Marker ◽  
Bfb Cycle ◽  
Tandem Duplications

Abstract During the development of disomic additions of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosomes to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), two reverse tandem duplications on wheat chromosomes 3D and 4A were isolated. By virtue of their meiotic pairing, the reverse tandem duplications initiated the chromatid type of the breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle. This BFB cycle continued through pollen mitoses and in the early endosperm divisions, but no clear evidence of its presence in embryo mitoses was found. The chromosome type of BFB cycle was initiated by fusion of two broken chromosome ends resulting in a dicentric or a ring chromosome. Chromosome type BFB cycles were detected in embryo mitoses and in root tips, but they did not persist until the next meiosis and were not transmitted to the progeny. Active BFB cycles induced breakage of other wheat chromosomes that resulted in additional reverse tandem duplications and dicentric and ring chromosomes. Four loci, on chromosome arms 2BS, 3DS, 4AL, and most likely on 7DL, were particularly susceptible to breakage. The BFB cycles produced high frequency of variegation for pigmentation of the aleurone layer of kernels and somatic chimeras for a morphological marker. With the exception of low mutation rate, the observed phenomena are consistent with the activity of a Ds-like element. However, it is not clear whether such an element, if indeed present, was of wheat or rye origin.

Characterization of interspecific hybrids of Triticum aestivum x Aegilops sp. without 5B chromosome for induced homoeologous pairing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Sheikh ◽  
Prachi Sharma ◽  
Shailender Kumar Verma ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Sachin Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Induced Homoeologous Pairing
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