The chromosomal location of genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat and related species

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Liu ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Aegilops Sharonensis ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group 3

Analysis of NADH dehydrogenase isozymes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) by flat-bed isoelectric focusing revealed a genetic system involving four sets of Ndh loci. The Ndh-A1 locus, previously identified on chromosome arm 4AL, was confirmed. Homoeoloci Ndh-R1 in rye, Ndh-H1 in barley, Ndh-Hch1 in Hordeum chilense, Ndh-Sl1 in Aegilops sharonensis, and Ndh-V1 in Dasypyrum villosum were also identified. The Ndh-2 loci, encoding monomeric isozymes, were found in the short arms of homoeologous group 7 chromosomes. Homoeoloci Ndh-A2, Ndh-D2, and Ndh-R2 are described. The Ndh-3 set, encoding multimeric isozymes, were found on each of the homoeologous group 3 chromosome long arms. An Ndh-B3b variant and homoeoloci Ndh-R3 (on chromosome arm 6RL), Ndh-H3, and Ndh-Sl3 are described. The Ndh-4 set, encoding monomeric isozymes for which no varietal variation was found, were identified on the short arms of group 3 chromosomes. Ndh-A4, Ndh-B4, Ndh-H4, Ndh-R4, and Ndh-E4 (Agropyron elongatum) homoeoloci are described.Key words: NADH dehydrogenase, isozymes, wheat, Triticeae.

scholarly journals Wsp-1, a set of genes controlling water-soluble proteins in wheat and related species

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Liu ◽  
S. Chao ◽  
M. D. Gale
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Aegilops Sharonensis

SummaryThree water-soluble wheat endosperm proteins of the wheat variety Chinese Spring have been shown, by isoelectric focusing, to be the products of genes located on the long arms of chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. In the absence of any evidence of function these genes have been assigned the temporary symbol, Wsp-1.Considerable intervarietal variation was found among a sample of 44 hexaploid wheat varieties. Five alleles at Wsp-A1, three at Wsp-B1 and two at Wsp-D1 were identified. Intrachromosomal mapping showed that Wsp-B1 is located distally on the long arm of chromosome 7B.Alien homoeoloci were identified on chromosomes 7Hch of Hordeum chilense, 7H of H. vulgare, 7E of Agropyron elongatum, 7S1 of Aegilops sharonensis and 7V of Dasypyrum villosum. Some other loci encoding WSPs found in wheat and some alien species are also briefly described.

Isolation and characterization of wheat–Elytrigia elongata chromosome 3E and 5E addition and substitution lines

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Tuleen ◽  
G. E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5

Isozyme markers were used to develop Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring–Elytrigia elongata (= Agropyron elongatum, 2n = 14, genome E) disomic 3E and 5E addition lines. Subsequently, all possible lines containing 3E and 5E substituted for wheat homoeologues and several 3E and 5E ditelosomic addition and substitution lines were developed. Plants containing chromosome 3E substituted for wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 3 are similar to 'Chinese Spring' in vigor and fertility while plants containing 3EL substituted for chromosomes of group 3 are less fertile than 'Chinese Spring'. This indicates that both arms of 3E are involved in sporophytic compensation. Plants containing chromosome 5E substituted for wheat chromosomes of homoeologous group 5 are as vigorous but less fertile than 'Chinese Spring'. 5EL (5A) and 5EL (5B) plants are lower in fertility than 5E (5A) and 5E (5B) plants, indicating that both arms of 5E are involved in sporophytic compensation. 5E (5D) and 5EL (5D) plants are similar in fertility. Male gametophytes in which 3E or 5E replaces a wheat homoeologue function at a lower rate than normal gametes.Key words: wheat, Triticum, Elytrigia elongata, alien chromosome addition lines.

GENETIC SUPPRESSION OF HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Genetic Suppression ◽  
Group 3

Greater genetic complexity has been revealed for the control of bivalency in hexaploid wheat. A suppressor of homoeologous pairing has been detected on chromosome 3A. Thus, there are two suppressors in homoeologous group 3. The 3A suppressor may be homoeoallelic to either the suppressor on 3Dβ or the promoter, detected in this study, on 3Dα. Individually these two suppressors are less effective than the suppressor on the long arm of chromosome 5B; however, their combined effect is yet to be studied. This greater complexity suggests that hexaploid wheat may not be too dissimilar to other polyploids as regards genetic control of bivalency. The mode of action of these suppressors appears to be consistent with a heteromultimeric hypothesis.

Meiotic pairing control in wheat–rye hybrids. II. Effect of rye genome and rye B-chromosomes and interaction with the wheat genetic system

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cuadrado ◽  
C. Romero ◽  
J. R. Lacadena
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Wheat Genotype ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Wheat Parent

Several hybrid combinations between rye and wheat ditelosomic for homoeologous group 3 or 5 chromosomes or mutant ph2b were used to analyze the effects of the rye genome and rye B-chromosomes on meiotic pairing. The results indicated that the rye Bs have an effect on bound-arm frequency, which varies with the wheat genotype. If wheat suppressors are absent, pairing decreases when Bs are added; whereas if wheat promoters are lacking, a pairing increase is observed in some hybrids with two rye Bs. There was thus an interaction between the genetic systems of the two parents, with the wheat parent being the main determinant of the pairing level in the hybrids. The rye genome tends to decrease pairing in the absence of wheat suppressors and increase it when wheat promoters are lacking, and the rye Bs tend to reinforce this primary rye action.Key words: Triticum aestivum, Secale cereale, homoeologous pairing, B-chromosomes, promoter–suppressor interaction.

THE EVOLUTION OF CHROMOSOME-ARM RATIO IN WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Kimber
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Coefficient Of Concordance

The coefficient of concordance between arm-ratio measurement and homoeologous group in two varieties of hexaploid wheat was found to be highly significant. This is taken to indicate considerable cytological stability in the evolution of the wheats. This stability in the evolution of the cultivated forms of the subtribe Triticinae differs from the evolutionary patterns found in other species of the subtribe. It is possible that this difference is related to the artificial selection pressures imposed by cultivation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the genetic variability of homoeologous group 3 SSRS in bread wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
S. Chebotar ◽  
P. Sourdille ◽  
E. Paux ◽  
F. Balfourier ◽  
C. Feuillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 3

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Protein Translation: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Deyu Zhang ◽  
Dejiu Zhang ◽  
Peifeng Li ◽  
Yanyan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Diseases ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Mitochondrial Rna ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Translation Factors ◽  
Genes Encoding

Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cells. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles with their own genetic system, and can independently replicate, transcribe, and translate mitochondrial DNA. Translation initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling of the ribosome are four stages in the process of mitochondrial protein translation. In this process, mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators, mitochondrial RNA, and other regulatory factors regulate mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial protein translation abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system diseases. Mutation or deletion of various mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators leads to abnormal mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial tRNAs and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are essential players during translation and mutations in genes encoding them represent a large fraction of mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, there is crosstalk between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation, and the imbalance between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation can affect some physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes the regulation of mitochondrial protein translation factors, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, mitochondrial tRNAs, and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in the mitochondrial protein translation process and its relationship with diseases. The regulation of mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation in multiple diseases is also summarized.

The derivation of compensating translocations involving homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of wheat and rye

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Marais ◽  
A. S. Marais
Keyword(s):  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Group 3

Colour genes (R and Rc) for grain and coleoptile upregulate flavonoid biosynthesis genes in wheat

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Himi ◽  
Ahmed Nisar ◽  
Kazuhiko Noda
Keyword(s):  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Grain Color ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Significant Expression ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Pigmentation of wheat grain and coleoptile is controlled by the R gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 3 and the Rc gene on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 7, respectively. Each of these genes is inherited monogenically. The pigment of grain has been suggested to be a derivative of catechin-tannin and that of coleoptile to be anthocyanin. These polyphenol compounds are known to be synthesized through the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We isolated 4 partial nucleotide sequences of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes (CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR) in wheat. The expression of these genes was examined in the developing grain of red-grained and white-grained wheat lines. CHS, CHI, F3H, and DFR were highly upregulated in the grain coat tissue of the red-grained lines, whereas there was no significant expression in the white-grained lines. These results indicate that the R gene is involved in the activation of the early flavonoid biosynthesis genes. As for coleoptile pigmentation, all 4 genes were expressed in the red coleoptile; however, DFR was not activated in the white coleoptile. The Rc gene appears to be involved in DFR expression. The possibility that wheat R and Rc genes might be transcription factors is discussed.Key words: flavonoid biosynthesis genes, R gene for grain color, Rc gene for coleoptile color, wheat.

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