Meiotic studies on a Brassica campestris–alboglabra monosomic addition line and derived B. campestris primary trisomics

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Cheng ◽  
W. K. Heneen ◽  
B. Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Primary Trisomics ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Nucleolar Chromosome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Line ◽  
Mother Cells

Diakinesis chromosomes were studied in pollen mother cells of Brassica campestris (2n = 20, genome AA), B. alboglabra (2n = 18, genome CC), a B. campestris–alboglabra monosomic addition line (AA + 1 chromosome from the C genome), and four derived B. campestris primary trisomics. The nucleolar chromosomes of B. campestris were distinguishable by their morphology at diakinesis. The alien C-genome chromosome in the addition line paired preferentially with the nucleolar chromosome of the A genome. Very rarely, it paired with another pair of the A genome. Thus, it was concluded that the alien C-genome chromosome of the addition line is primarily homoeologous to the nucleolar chromosome and secondarily to another chromosome of the A genome. Three of the four derived B. campestris trisomic plants were identified as B campestris nucleolar trisomics. Trisomy in the fourth plant involved another chromosome. The cytological mechanism underlying the origin of trisomics in the addition line and chromosome homoeology relationships between B. campestris and B. alboglabra are envisaged.Key words: Brassica campestris–alboglabra addition line, Brassica campestris trisomics, diakinesis, intergenomic chromosome homoeology.

Mitotic karyotypes of Brassica campestris and Brassica alboglabra and identification of the B. alboglabra chromosome in an addition line

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Cheng ◽  
W. K. Heneen ◽  
B. Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Gene Localization ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Brassica Alboglabra ◽  
Large Size ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Line

A Brassica campestris–alboglabra monosomic addition line (genome: AA + one chromosome from the C genome, 2n = 21) harbours the Brassica alboglabra (CC, 2n = 18) chromosome with the gene for erucic acid. In order to identify this chromosome, we have studied the mitotic prometaphase chromosomes of Brassica campestris (AA, 2n = 20), B. alboglabra, and the monosomic addition line. More pronounced differential staining and size differences of chromosomes were observed in B. campestris than in B. alboglabra. The karyotype of B. campestris was composed of four median (m), four submedian (sm), and two subterminal (st) chromosome pairs, while that of B. alboglabra was composed of three m, four sm, and two st chromosome pairs, provided that the length of the satellite was excluded when determining the arm ratio of the nucleolar chromosome. The alien chromosome from the C genome in the addition line was easily identified in the background B. campestris genome by its large size, its submedian centromere, and its differential staining pattern. When compared with the karyotype of B. alboglabra, the alien chromosome from the C genome in the monosomic addition line was revealed to be chromosome 4.Key words: Brassica campestris, Brassica alboglabra, addition line, mitotic karyotype, gene localization.

Chromosomal distribution of a repeated DNA sequence from C-genome heterochromatin and the identification of a new ribosomal DNA locus in the Avena genus

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Fominaya ◽  
Gregorio Hueros ◽  
Yolanda Loarce ◽  
Esther Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Satellite Dna ◽  
Repeated Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
26S Rdna ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Repeated Dna Sequence

Satellite DNA specific to the oat C genome was sequenced and located on chromosomes of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid Avena ssp. using in situ hybridization. The sequence was present on all seven C genome chromosome pairs and hybridized to the entire length of each chromosome, with the exception of the terminal segments of some chromosome pairs. Three chromosome pairs belonging to the A genome showed hybridization signals near the telomeres of their long arms. The existence of intergenomic chromosome rearrangements and the deletions of the repeated units are deduced from these observations. The number of rDNA loci (18S–5.8S–26S rDNA) was determined for the tetraploid and hexaploid oat species. Simultaneous in situ hybridization with the satellite and rDNA probes was used to assign the SAT chromosomes of these species to their correct genomes.Key words: oats, satellite DNA, rDNA, in situ hybridization, genome evolution.

scholarly journals Identification and evaluation of clubroot resistance of radish chromosome using a Brassica napus–Raphanus sativus monosomic addition line

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Akaba ◽  
Yukio Kaneko ◽  
Katsunori Hatakeyama ◽  
Masahiko Ishida ◽  
Sang Woo Bang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Line

Salt stress induced proteome and transcriptome changes in sugar beet monosomic addition line M14

2012 ◽  
Vol 169 (9) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Yang ◽  
Chunquan Ma ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Sixue Chen ◽  
Haiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Line

Isolation and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a wheat – Leymus mollis double monosomic addition line and its progenies with resistance to stripe rust

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Yang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Changyou Wang ◽  
Chunhuan Chen ◽  
Zengrong Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Line ◽  
Leymus Mollis

A common wheat – Leymus mollis (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) double monosomic addition line, M11003-4-3-8/13/15 (2n = 44 = 42T.a + L.m2 + L.m3), with stripe rust resistance was developed (where T.a represents Triticum aestivum chromosome, L.m represents L. mollis chromosome, and L.m2/3 represents L. mollis chromosome of homoeologous groups 2 and 3). The progenies of line M11003-4-3-8/13/15 were characterized by cytological observation, specific molecular markers, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Among the progenies, there existed five different types (I, II, III, IV, and V) of chromosome constitution, the formulas of which were 2n = 44 = 42T.a + 1L.m2 + 1L.m3, 2n = 43 = 42T.a + 1L.m2, 2n = 43 = 42T.a + 1L.m3, 2n = 42 = 42T.a, and 2n = 44 = 42T.a + 2L.m2, respectively. Field disease screening showed that types I and III showed high resistance to stripe rust, while types II, IV, and V were susceptible. Leymus mollis was almost immune to stripe rust, whereas the wheat parent, cultivar 7182, was susceptible. Therefore, we concluded that the stripe rust resistance originated from L. mollis. These various lines could be further fully exploited as important disease resistance materials to enrich wheat genetic resources.

Genetics of isozyme loci in Brassica campestris L. and in the progeny of a trigenomic hybrid between B. napus L. and B. campestris L.

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Y. Chen ◽  
W. K. Heneen ◽  
V. Slmonsen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Resynthesized Brassica Napus ◽  
Locus Pair ◽  
Disomic Inheritance ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Isozyme Analyses

F2 progeny of Brassica campestris crosses were analyzed for single-locus inheritance of glucosephosphate isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and shikimate dehydrogenase enzymes. In most of the F2 families, the observed inheritance data for six polymorphic isozyme loci coincided well with the ratios expected under Mendelian segregation of either codominant alleles or dominant-recessive alleles when a null allele was involved. Complete linkage was observed for one locus pair (Lap-2A/6Pgd-2Ac), with the recombination frequency estimated to be r ≈ 0.000. From isozyme analyses made on resynthesized Brassica napus (AACC) and the actual parents B. campestris (AA) and B. alboglabra (CC) and on a trigenomic hybrid (AAC) between B. napus and B. campestris, it was possible to recognize A and C genome specific isozyme loci through the nonoverlapping electrophoretic mobilities of alleles characteristic of each genome. The trigenomic hybrid was selfed and genetic analyses of the offspring indicated that the A genome specific isozyme loci displayed a normal disomic inheritance. The C genome specific isozyme loci, on the other hand, showed nonrandom loss in the aneuploid offspring, thereby indicating the nonrandom loss of C genome chromosomes. At least 4 of the 8 C genome specific isozyme loci studied were located on separate chromosomes. The apparent occurrence of multiplicates of certain isozyme loci supports the concept that duplication of structural nuclear genes prevails in the diploid Brassica genomes.Key words: isozymes, Brassica, inheritance, trigenomic hybrid (2n = 29, AAC), genome-specific isozyme loci.

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