Variable effects of respiratory muscle training on cycle exercise performance in men and women

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan A Guenette ◽  
Andrea M Martens ◽  
Anne L Lee ◽  
Gradin D Tyler ◽  
Jennifer C Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles ◽  
Improve Exercise Performance

Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has been proposed as an effective means to increase the strength of the inspiratory muscles and improve exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of RMT on cycling time to exhaustion (TTE) and to determine any potential sex effect. We hypothesized that RMT would improve maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and TTE to a similar degreee in men and women. Males (n = 7; mean (± SD) age, 22.1 ± 1.5 y) and females (n = 8; mean (± SD) 24.5 ± 4.9 y) performed an incremental cycle test to determine maximal oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2 max) (day 1), followed by a familiarization TTE (day 2) and baseline TTE (day 3) at 80% maximal work achieved during the [Formula: see text]O2 max test. Subjects then completed 5 weeks of respiratory muscle training (RMT) (5 d/week, 2 sets of 30 inspirations against 50% MIP). Four training sessions per week were performed at home and the 5th was supervised, during which the threshold load was increased if necessary. Following RMT, subjects completed 2 TTE tests (days 4 and 5). MIP increased in each subject (37% ± 18%, P < 0.05). There was no difference between men (pre = -100 ± 20 vs. post = -140 ± 29 cmH2O) and women (pre = -90 ± 28 vs. post = -117 ± 28 cmH2O). Baseline TTE (male = 301 ± 122 s; female = 338 ± 98 s) was shorter in comparison with the best of the 2 TTE-post tests (male = 353 ± 68 s; female = 416 ± 116 s; P < 0.01), but not when compared with days 4 or 5 (P > 0.05). RMT increases MIP and may improve exercise performance; however, improvements are variable with no differences between men and women.Key words: constant-intensity exercise, dyspnea, factors limiting exercise, maximal inspiratory pressure, respiratory muscles.

Endurance and Resistance Respiratory Muscle Training and Aerobic Exercise Performance in Hypobaric Hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 776-784
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Wheelock ◽  
Hayden W. Hess ◽  
Blair D. Johnson ◽  
Zachary J. Schlader ◽  
Brian M. Clemency ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Before And After

INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia-induced hyperventilation is an effect of acute altitude exposure, which may lead to respiratory muscle fatigue and secondary locomotor muscle fatigue. The purpose of this study was to determine if resistive and/or endurance respiratory muscle training (RRMT and ERMT, respectively) vs. placebo respiratory muscle training (PRMT) improve cycling performance at altitude.METHODS: There were 24 subjects who were assigned to PRMT (N 8), RRMT (N 8), or ERMT (N 8). Subjects cycled to exhaustion in a hypobaric chamber decompressed to 3657 m (12,000 ft) at an intensity of 55% sea level maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max) before and after respiratory muscle training (RMT). Additionally, subjects completed a Vo2max, pulmonary function, and respiratory endurance test (RET) before and after RMT. All RMT protocols consisted of three 30-min training sessions per week for 4 wk.RESULTS: The RRMT group increased maximum inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) mouth pressure after RMT (PImax: 117.7 11.6 vs. 162.6 20.0; PEmax: 164.0 33.2 vs. 216.5 44.1 cmH2O). The ERMT group increased RET after RMT (5.2 5.2 vs.18.6 16.9 min). RMT did not improve Vo2max in any group. Both RRMT and ERMT groups increased cycling time to exhaustion (RRMT: 35.9 17.2 vs. 45.6 22.2 min and ERMT: 33.8 9.6 vs. 42.9 27.0 min).CONCLUSION: Despite different improvements in pulmonary function, 4 wk of RRMT and ERMT both improved cycle time to exhaustion at altitude.Wheelock CE, Hess HW, Johnson BD, Schlader ZJ, Clemency BM, St. James E, Hostler D. Endurance and resistance respiratory muscle training and aerobic exercise performance in hypobaric hypoxia. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(10):776784.

Respiratory Muscle Training Improves Dyspnea and Exercise Performance in Cancer Survivors

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Ray ◽  
Brian T. Williams ◽  
Jennifer L. Cook ◽  
Nicholas Maxwell ◽  
Martin C. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training

Inspiratory Muscle Training: Improvement of Exercise Performance With Acute Hypoxic Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Hursh ◽  
Marissa N. Baranauskas ◽  
Chad C. Wiggins ◽  
Shane Bielko ◽  
Timothy D. Mickleborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Muscle Training

Endurance exercise performance in hypoxia may be influenced by an ability to maintain high minute ventilation () in defense of reduced arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been used as an effective intervention to attenuate the negative physiological consequences associated with an increased , resulting in improved submaximal-exercise performance in normoxia. However, the efficacy of IMT on hypoxic exercise performance remains unresolved. Purpose: To determine whether chronic IMT improves submaximal-exercise performance with acute hypoxic exposure. Methods: A total of 14 endurance-trained men completed a 20-km cycling time trial (TT) in normobaric hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen [FiO2] = 0.16) before and after either 6 wk of an IMT protocol consisting of inspiratory loads equivalent to 80% of sustained maximal inspiratory pressure (n = 9) or a SHAM protocol (30% of sustained maximal inspiratory pressure; n = 5). Results: In the IMT group, 20-km TT performance significantly improved by 1.45 (2.0%), P = .03, after the 6-wk intervention. The significantly faster TT times were accompanied by a higher average (pre vs post: 99.3 [14.5] vs 109.9 [18.0] L·min−1, P = .01) and absolute oxygen uptake (pre vs post: 3.39 [0.52] vs 3.60 [0.58] L·min−1, P = .010), with no change in ratings of perceived exertion or dyspnea (P > .06). There were no changes in TT performance in the SHAM group (P = .45). Conclusion: These data suggest that performing 6 wk of IMT may benefit hypoxic endurance exercise performance lasting 30–40 min.

scholarly journals Effect of Complete Respiratory Muscle Training (cRMT) on Dysphonia following Single CVA: A retrospective pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Arnold ◽  
Christopher S Gaskill ◽  
Nina Bausek
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Maximum Phonation Time ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Inspiratory Muscles

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dysphonia is less prevalent than dysphagia following cerebrovascular accidents, dysphonia does contribute to the burden of disease resulting from stroke. Strengthening muscles of the larynx and respiratory tract through respiratory muscle training (RMT) has proven effective in improving voice after neurological insult. However, approaches to strengthen only the expiratory muscle groups (EMST) dominate the clinical study literature, with variable outcomes. By focusing on exhalation, the contribution of inspiratory muscles to phonation may have been overlooked. This study investigated the effect of combined respiratory muscle training (cRMT) to improve voice function in stroke patients.MethodsRecorded data of twenty patients with dysphonia following stroke were allocated to an intervention (IG) or a control group (CG) based upon whether they chose cRMT or not while awaiting pro bono voice therapy services. The intervention group (N=10) was treated daily with three 5-minute sessions of complete resistive respiratory muscle training for 28 days, while the control group (N=10) received no cRMT or other exercise intervention. Perceptual and acoustic measurements as well as a pulmonary function test were assessed pre-and post-intervention.ResultsThe intervention group demonstrated significant improvements after 28 days of combined respiratory muscle training (cRMT) in peak flow (127%), patient self-perception of voice improvement (84.41%), as well as in five of the six categories of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) overall severity (63.22%), breathiness (61.06%), strain (63.43%), pitch range (48.11%) and loudness (57.51%), compared to the control group who did not receive treatment. Furthermore, cRMT also led to significant improvements in maximum phonation time (212.5%) and acoustic parameters of vocal intensity and semitone range.ConclusionThis pilot study shows promise of the feasibility and effectiveness of cRMT to lessen the signs and symptoms of dysphonia while simultaneously improving breath support.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Respiratory Muscle Training on Exercise Performance in Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Uemura ◽  
Claes E.G. Lundgren ◽  
Andrew D. Ray ◽  
David R. Pendergast
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Effect of inspiratory muscle loaded exercise training on peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory response during incremental exercise under normoxia and hypoxia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ogawa ◽  
Maiko Nagao ◽  
Naoto Fujii ◽  
Takeshi NIshiyasu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Muscle Training

Abstract Background: Although numerous studies have reported the effect of inspiratory muscle training for improving exercise performance, the outcome of whether exercise performance is improved by inspiratory muscle training is controversial. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training (IMLET) on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), respiratory responses, and exercise performance under normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) exercise conditions. We hypothesised that IMLET enhances respiratory muscle strength and improves respiratory response, thereby improving VO2peak and work capacity under H condition. Methods: Sixteen university track runners (13 men and 3 women) were randomly assigned to the IMLET (n=8) or exercise training (ET) group (n=8). All subjects underwent 4 weeks of 20-min 60% VO2peak cycling exercise training, thrice per week. IMLET loaded 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure during exercise. At pre- and post-training periods, subjects performed exhaustive incremental cycling under normoxic (N; 20.9 ± 0%) and hypoxic (H; 15.0 ± 0.1%) conditions. Results: Although maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) significantly increased after training in both groups, the extent of PImax increase was significantly higher in the IMLET group (from 102 ± 20 to 145 ± 26 cmH2O in IMLET; from 111± 23 to 127 ± 23 cmH2O in ET; P < 0.05). In both groups, VO2peak and maximal work load (Wmax) similarly increased both under N and H conditions after training (P < 0.05). Further, the extent of Wmax decrease under H condition was lower in the IMLET group at post-training test than at pre-training (from -14.7 ± 2.2% to -12.5 ± 1.7%; P < 0.05). Maximal minute ventilation in both N and H conditions increased after training than in the pre-training period. Conclusions: Our IMLET enhanced the respiratory muscle strength, and the decrease in work capacity under hypoxia was reduced regardless of the increase VO2peak.

scholarly journals Effect of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training on peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory response during incremental exercise under normoxia and hypoxia 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ogawa ◽  
Maiko Nagao ◽  
Naoto Fujii ◽  
Takeshi NIshiyasu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Inspiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Muscle Training

Abstract Background: Although numerous studies have reported the effect of inspiratory muscle training for improving exercise performance, the outcome of whether exercise performance is improved by inspiratory muscle training is controversial. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of inspiratory muscle-loaded exercise training (IMLET) on peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), respiratory responses, and exercise performance under normoxic (N) and hypoxic (H) exercise conditions. We hypothesised that IMLET enhances respiratory muscle strength and improves respiratory response, thereby improving VO2peak and work capacity under H condition.Methods: Sixteen university track runners (13 men and 3 women) were randomly assigned to the IMLET (n=8) or exercise training (ET) group (n=8). All subjects underwent 4 weeks of 20-min 60% VO2peak cycling exercise training, thrice per week. IMLET loaded 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure during exercise. At pre- and post-training periods, subjects performed exhaustive incremental cycling under normoxic (N; 20.9 ± 0%) and hypoxic (H; 15.0 ± 0.1%) conditions. Results: Although maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) significantly increased after training in both groups, the extent of PImax increase was significantly higher in the IMLET group (from 102 ± 20 to 145 ± 26 cmH2O in IMLET; from 111 ± 23 to 127 ± 23 cmH2O in ET; P<0.05). In both groups, VO2peak and maximal work load (Wmax) similarly increased both under N and H conditions after training (P<0.05). Further, the extent of Wmax decrease under H condition was lower in the IMLET group at post-training test than at pre-training (from -14.7 ± 2.2% to -12.5 ± 1.7%; P<0.05). Maximal minute ventilation in both N and H conditions increased after training than in the pre-training period. Conclusions: Our IMLET enhanced the respiratory muscle strength, and the decrease in work capacity under hypoxia was reduced regardless of the increase in VO2peak.

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