THE PRODUCTION OF IMMUNO-CONGLUTININ: II. THE INFLUENCE OF THE ROUTE OF INOCULATION ON THE IMMUNO-CONGLUTININ RESPONSE OF RABBITS TO HETEROSTIMULATION

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Horse Serum ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Subcutaneous Route

The inoculation of rabbits with kaolin coated with fresh horse serum results in the production of immuno-conglutinin. However, kaolin alone or kaolin coated with heat-inactivated horse serum fails to stimulate the production of immuno-conglutinin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis proposed by Coombs and Coombs (2) that immuno-conglutinin is an antibody against adsorbed complement.The data demonstrate that the intravenous route of inoculation is the most effective in stimulating the production of immuno-conglutinin in rabbits. The intramuscular and intraperitoneal routes are next in efficacy in that order. The subcutaneous route of injection was the least effective of the routes tested in stimulating an immuno-conglutinin (heterostimulation) response.

Comparison Between Subcutaneous and Intravenous DDAVP in Mild and Moderate Hemophilia A

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 387-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
L De Sio ◽  
G Mariani ◽  
M G Muzzucconi ◽  
A Chistolini ◽  
M C Tirindelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Baseline Levels

SummarySixteen patients with mild and moderate hemophilia were given Desmopressin (DDAVP) subcutaneously in the absence of any actual bleeding. The response to the drug – in terms of factor VIII coagulant activity rise – became apparent 15 min after the injection, reaching the maximal response after one hour (x̄ 3.2 times the baseline levels; SD 1.21). This response was not different from that elicited using the intravenous route in 18 hemophiliacs of comparable severity after the same time interval. No local or general side-effects were recorded after the subcutaneous administration of DDAVP. We therefore conclude that the subcutaneous route adds further evidence to the reliability of this alternative treatment in mild factor VIII deficiencies, thus making home treatment with this vasopressin analogue possible.

Subcutaneous Administration of Amifostine During Fractionated Radiotherapy: A Randomized Phase II Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2226-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Koukourakis ◽  
George Kyrias ◽  
Stelios Kakolyris ◽  
Charalambos Kouroussis ◽  
Chryssi Frangiadaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Fractionated Radiotherapy ◽  
Flat Dose ◽  
Randomized Phase Ii ◽  
Perineal Skin ◽  
Grade 3

PURPOSE: Amifostine (WR-2721) is an impotant cytoprotective agent. Although intravenous administration is the standard route, pharmacokinetic studies have shown acceptable plasma levels of the active metabolite of amifostine (WR-1605) after subcutaneous administration. The subcutaneous route, due to its simplicity, presents multiple advantages over the intravenous route when amifostine is used during fractionated radiotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with thoracic, 40 with head and neck, and 40 with pelvic tumors who were undergoing radical radiotherapy were enrolled onto a randomized phase II trial to assess the feasibility, tolerance, and cytoprotective efficacy of amifostine administered subcutaneously. A flat dose of amifostine 500 mg, diluted in 2.5 mL of normal saline, was injected subcutaneously 20 minutes before each radiotherapy fraction. RESULTS: The subcutaneous amifostine regimen was well tolerated by 85% of patients. In approximately 5% of patients, amifostine therapy was interrupted due to cumulative asthenia, and in 10%, due to a fever/rash reaction. Hypotension was never noted, whereas nausea was frequent. A significant reduction of pharyngeal, esophageal, and rectal mucositis was noted in the amifostine arm (P < .04). The delays in radiotherapy because of grade 3 mucositis were significanly longer in the group of patients treated with radiotherapy alone (P < .04). Amifostine significantly reduced the incidence of acute perineal skin and bladder toxicity (P < .0006). CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous administration of amifostine is well tolerated, effectively reduces radiotherapy’s early toxicity, and prevents delays in radiotherapy. The subcutaneous route is much simpler and saves time compared with the intravenous route of administration and can be safely and effectively applied in the daily, busy radiotherapy practice.

Continuous Subcutaneous Heparin Infusion During Pregnancy In A Patient With A Prosthetic Mitral Valve. Clinical And Laboratory Consideration

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry L Messmore ◽  
Jawed Fareed ◽  
Barbara Hixon ◽  
Judith Kniffin ◽  
Grace Squillaci
Keyword(s):  
Infusion Pump ◽  
Pregnant Patient ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Heparin Dose ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Prosthetic Mitral Valve ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Administration of heparin for prolonged periods during pregnancy has usually been by the intravenous route when full anticoagulant dosages are required. Bolus subcutaneous injection of heparin has also been used, however this requires medical supervision and proper laboratory control. We have administered heparin (Elkins - Sinn) to a pregnant patient by the subcutaneous route utilizing an infusion pump (Auto-Syringe RModel AS3A) for 15 weeks, maintaining an activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of approximately 50 sec (N=22-35) using “ACTIN” (Dade) brand ellagic acid cephaloplastin reagent. The average heparin dose has been 26,000 units/24 hours during the 4th to 19th week of her pregnancy. In order to establish the presence of circulating heparin we also performed Xa and thrombin-based amidolytic assays for the absolute levels of heparin in patient’s plasma. A poor correlation was seen between the heparin levels and the APTT values. These data indicate that absolute levels of heparin may not be taken as an index of heparinization in certain clinical conditions. Lack of serious complications and ease of administration has prompted us to continue heparin by this route during the remainder of her pregnancy.

scholarly journals Paracetamol (acetaminophen) route in palliative care (PC) patients: Intravenous versus subcutaneous route pharmacokinetics study protocol for a randomized pilot trial = ParaSCIVPallia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vernant ◽  
Marie Lepoupet ◽  
Christian Creveuil ◽  
Antoine Alix ◽  
Charlotte Gourio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Open Crossover ◽  
Primary Endpoints ◽  
Pain Rate

Abstract Background :Among palliative care patients, the subcutaneous route is often an alternative to the intravenous route, yet pharmacological and clinical data are lacking. Many French palliative teams are now empirically using paracetamol by the subcutaneous route, but there are no data to support this practice. Aim :Compare pharmacokinetic parameters between the intravenous and subcutaneous routes for PC patients. Design : A randomized, open, crossover study in two palliative care centres. The primary endpoints are AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, Cmax, and Vd et t1/2. All adverse events will be reported for a safety analysis. Setting/participants 20 adult palliative care patients with an IV device, having spontaneous pain, not related to care, with a numeric pain rate scale > 3/10, or having a systematic prescription of paracetamol in the usual treatment. They also have to meet all eligibility criteria. Conclusion : First pilot study comparing paracetamol intravenous versus subcutaneous route pharmacokinetics.

scholarly journals Is Subcutaneous Route an Alternative to Intravenous Route for Mouse Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 1.5 T?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Dillenseger ◽  
Christian Goetz ◽  
Amira Sayeh ◽  
Pierre-Emmanuel Zorn ◽  
Stéphane Kremer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Mri

The present work compares intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) routes for contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) in mice. For that purpose, we selected two contrast media used in clinical practice. MRI acquisitions were performed at 1.5 T on five adult mice (Swiss, 41 g +/- 3 g). On each animal, four acquisitions were achieved with IV and SC administration of either Gd-DOTA or MS-325 (1 acquisition per week). For each route, 0.1 mL of NaCl and 0.1 mL of contrast agent were injected. For each acquisition, 200 T1-weighted images were acquired in a 2 h 34 min time lapse. For each route and contrast medium, dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) curves were obtained. Time-to-peak (TTP), uptake, and washout constant-time values and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were extracted. IV route TTP value was 4.9 min with Gd-DOTA and 5.4 min with MS-325. SC route TTP was 43.3 min with Gd-DOTA and 45.0 min with MS-325. Despite slower uptake constant-time, we show that SC is a potentially valuable alternative to the IV route in mouse preclinical CE-MRI.

Electron Microscopy of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 258-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Boatman ◽  
G. E. Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
The Family

Information concerning the morphology and replication of organism of the family Mycoplasmataceae remains, despite over 70 years of study, highly controversial. Due to their small size observations by light microscopy have not been rewarding. Furthermore, not only are these organisms extremely pleomorphic but their morphology also changes according to growth phase. This study deals with the morphological aspects of M. pneumoniae strain 3546 in relation to growth, interaction with HeLa cells and possible mechanisms of replication.The organisms were grown aerobically at 37°C in a soy peptone yeast dialysate medium supplemented with 12% gamma-globulin free horse serum. The medium was buffered at pH 7.3 with TES [N-tris (hyroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid] at 10mM concentration. The inoculum, an actively growing culture, was filtered through a 0.5 μm polycarbonate “nuclepore” filter to prevent transfer of all but the smallest aggregates. Growth was assessed at specific periods by colony counts and 800 ml samples of organisms were fixed in situ with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 3 hrs. at 4°C. Washed cells for sectioning were post-fixed in 0.8% OSO4 in veronal-acetate buffer pH 6.1 for 1 hr. at 21°C. HeLa cells were infected with a filtered inoculum of M. pneumoniae and incubated for 9 days in Leighton tubes with coverslips. The cells were then removed and processed for electron microscopy.

THE THYMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF 6- AND 9-HALOCORTICOIDS AND RELATED STEROIDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph I. Dorfman ◽  
P. G. Holton ◽  
Fred A. Kind
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Fluocinolone Acetonide ◽  
Relative Potency ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

ABSTRACT Adrenalectomized rats were used for the determination of the relative potency of various 6- and 9-halo substituted corticoids administered subcutaneously or by gavage using thymus weightas the endpoint. By subcutaneous injection, fluocinolone acetonide was the most active corticoid at 700 times that of cortisol. This compound was also the most active corticoid by the gavage route and was judged to be 570 times as active as the standard cortisol. The introduction of the 16,17-acetonide and 16,17-acetone 21-acetate groups into 17α,21-dihydroxy-9α,11β-dichloropregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione increased the activity by a factor of 42 and 100, respectively. The introduction of the δ1 double bond into 6α-fluoroprogesterone 16,17-acetonide caused an increase of 10-fold in thymolytic activity assessed by the subcutaneous route

THE INFLUENCE OF SERUM ON THE UPTAKE, CONVERSION AND ACTION OF DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE IN RAT PROSTATE GLANDS IN ORGAN CULTURE

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILSE LASNITZKI ◽  
HILARY R. FRANKLIN
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Columnar Cells

SUMMARY The influence of serum on the uptake, conversion and action of dihydrotestosterone in relation to the sex steroid binding protein, TeBG, has been investigated in rat ventral prostates in organ culture. The organs were incubated with [1,2-3H]dihydrotestosterone in: (1) serum-free medium, (2) horse serum, foetal and newborn bovine serum or (3) human male and human pregnancy serum. With all sera the uptake of dihydrotestosterone fell with rising serum concentration, at first steeply and then more gradually. At the same concentration, the uptake was significantly lower in explants incubated with human pregnancy serum than in those kept with human male serum. The conversion of dihydrotestosterone to androstanediol followed the same pattern and less androstanediol was formed in the presence of pregnancy serum. Since pregnancy serum contains higher amounts of TeBG than male serum, the lowered uptake suggests that only the free hormone was available to the target organ. Addition of unlabelled dihydrotestosterone resulted in a higher uptake than that measured in explants incubated with the labelled steroid only. The effect of the human sera on uptake and conversion was correlated with the androgenic activity of dihydrotestosterone applied at physiological concentrations and expressed as the percentage of secretory columnar cells present. The degree of maintenance closely corresponded to the uptake of the hormone. In serum-free medium, the number of columnar cells approached the values found in vivo, with male serum their number, though reduced, was still substantial, with pregnancy serum it was extremely low. It is concluded that the amounts of TeBG present in serum regulate the supply of the hormone to the target tissue and thus control its biological action.

scholarly journals ABSENCE OF METHIONINE IN CRYSTALLINE HORSE SERUM ALBUMIN

1941 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1000
Author(s):  
Erwin Brand ◽  
Beatrice Kassell
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Horse Serum

scholarly journals Correcting hypokalaemia in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome through oral dose of potassium chloride intravenous solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110197
Author(s):  
Salman Alasfour ◽  
Haya S Alfailakawi ◽  
Yousif A Shamsaldeen
Keyword(s):  
Paediatric Patient ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Serum Potassium ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Bartter Syndrome ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Serum Potassium Concentration ◽  
Main Challenge

Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypokalaemia. Hypokalaemia is defined as low serum potassium concentration ˂3.5 mmol/L, which may lead to arrhythmia and death if left untreated. The aim of this case report was to normalize serum potassium concentration without the need for intravenous intervention. A 5-month-old male of 2.7 kg body weight diagnosed with Bartter syndrome was admitted to the general paediatric ward with acute severe hypokalaemia and urinary tract infection. The main challenge was the inability to administer drugs through intravenous route due to compromised body size. Therefore, we shifted the route of administration to the nasogastric tube/oral route. A total of 2 mL of concentrated intravenous potassium chloride (4 mEq potassium) were dissolved in distilled water and administered through nasogastric tube. Serum potassium concentration was rapidly normalized, which culminated in patient discharge. In conclusion, shifting drug administration from intravenous to oral route in a paediatric patient with Bartter syndrome includes numerous advantages such as patient convenience, minimized risk of cannula-induced infection, and reduced nurse workload.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document