Ultrastructure of two species of oil-degrading marine bacteria

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Atlas ◽  
C. E. Heintz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Marine Agar ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Presence And Absence

Two species of marine bacteria with the ability to degrade crude oil were compared ultrastructurally after growing in the presence and absence of oil. Large electron-dense inclusions, which were located predominantly at the cell terminus, characterized species of Flavobacterium and Brevibacterium when growing on oil. Cells of Flavobacterium sp. had smaller inclusions when grown on marine agar, while inclusion bodies were not found in Brevibacterium sp. grown on marine agar. Sudan black B staining indicated the inclusions are stored lipids.

Evaluation of the Petrifilm Aerobic Count Plate for Enumeration of Aerobic Marine Bacteria from Seawater and Caulerpa lentillifera

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1529-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN KUDAKA ◽  
TORU HORII ◽  
KOJI TAMANAHA ◽  
KIYOMASA ITOKAZU ◽  
MASAJI NAKAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Marine Agar ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Sterile Seawater ◽  
Caulerpa Lentillifera ◽  
Simple Detection ◽  
Aerobic Count Plate

The enumeration and evaluation of the activity of marine bacteria are important in the food industry. However, detection of marine bacteria in seawater or seafood has not been easy. The Petrifilm aerobic count plate (ACP) is a ready-to-use alternative to the traditional enumeration media used for bacteria associated with food. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a simple detection and enumeration method utilizing the Petrifilm ACP for enumeration of aerobic marine bacteria from seawater and an edible seaweed, Caulerpa lentillifera. The efficiency of enumeration of total aerobic marine bacteria on Petrifilm ACP was compared with that using the spread plate method on marine agar with 80 seawater and 64 C. lentillifera samples. With sterile seawater as the diluent, a close correlation was observed between the method utilizing Petrifilm ACP and that utilizing the conventional marine agar (r = 0.98 for seawater and 0.91 for C. lentillifera). The Petrifilm ACP method was simpler and less time-consuming than the conventional method. These results indicate that Petrifilm ACP is a suitable alternative to conventional marine agar for enumeration of marine microorganisms in seawater and C. lentillifera samples.

Biodegradation of Crude Oil by Nitrogen Fixing Marine Bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Thavasi . ◽  
S. Jayalakshmi . ◽  
T. Balasubramanian . ◽  
Ibrahim M. Banat .
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing

Influence of Zeolites On The Degradation of Arabian Light Crude Oil

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
J. R. Bergueiro ◽  
A. Pita ◽  
M. A. Mayol ◽  
M. Rallo ◽  
J. López-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Time Evolution ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similar Sample

ABSTRACT The authors have studied the biodegradation of an Arabian Light crude oil in sterile marine water by the CUES229 marine bacteria and the BIOLEN IG30 biologic activator, both in the presence and the absence of zeolites. Two different types of zeolites, a natural one (NZ) and an artificial one (Zestek56), were used to degrade the crude in the first experiment, arising a 20% increment in the degradation in the presence of natural zeolite when compared with a similar sample without zeolites, and a 9% in the artificial zeolite. Next set of experiment were made using reactors filled with 250 g of sea water and 0.02 g of zeolite and injecting CUES 229 bacteria up to 108 cells/ml. Samples were introduced in a shaker at 110 rpm and with regulated temperature at 30-C. Time evolution of the biodegradation was deduced from gas chromatography at the time intervals 1; 7 and 15 days. Later, a similar experiment, but with BIOLEN IG30, was also made. Biodegradation of aliphatic hydrocarbons was observed –after 15 days- until the C14 fractions, using zeolites plus Biolen IG30, and until the C18 fractions, using zeolite plus CUES 229 bacteria.

scholarly journals Extracellular Polysaccharides of Rhodococcus rhodochrous S-2 Stimulate the Degradation of Aromatic Components in Crude Oil by Indigenous Marine Bacteria

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2337-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Iwabuchi ◽  
Michio Sunairi ◽  
Makoto Urai ◽  
Chiaki Itoh ◽  
Hiroshi Anzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Rhodococcus Rhodochrous ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Indigenous Bacteria ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT Rhodococcus rhodochrous S-2 produces extracellular polysaccharides (S-2 EPS) containing d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, and lipids, which is important to the tolerance of this strain to an aromatic fraction of (AF) Arabian light crude oil (N. Iwabuchi, N. Sunairi, H. Anzai, M. Nakajima, and S. Harayama, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:5073-5077, 2000). In the present study, we examined the effects of S-2 EPS on the growth of indigenous marine bacteria on AF. Indigenous bacteria did not grow significantly in seawater containing AF even when nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron nutrients were supplemented. The addition of S-2 EPS to seawater containing nutrients and AF resulted in the emulsification of AF, promotion of the growth of indigenous bacteria, and enhancement of the degradation of AF by the bacteria. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses show that addition of S-2 EPS to the seawater containing nutrients and AF changed the composition of the bacterial populations in the seawater and that bacteria closely related to the genus Cycloclasticus became the major population. These results suggest that Cycloclasticus was responsible for the degradation of hydrocarbons in AF. The effects of 15 synthetic surfactants on the degradation of AF by indigenous marine bacteria were also examined, but enhancement of the degradation of AF was not significant. S-2 EPS was hence the most effective of the surfactants tested in promoting the biodegradation of AF and may thus be an attractive agent to use in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated marine environments.

NUTRITION AND METABOLISM OF MARINE BACTERIA: VI. QUANTITATIVE REQUIREMENT FOR HALIDES, MAGNESIUM, CALCIUM, AND IRON

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. MacLeod ◽  
E. Onofrey
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Presence And Absence

A study has been made of the specificity of the requirement of some marine bacteria for halides, magnesium, calcium, and iron and of their quantitative requirements for these ions in the presence and absence of related ions.All of the organisms investigated either required or responded to the addition of Cl− to the medium. Br− could replace Cl− but somewhat less readily, while I− was toxic. For organism B-16, which required the addition of Mg++ but not Ca++ to the medium, the amount of Mg++ required for maximum growth varied with the level of Ca++ present. At low levels, a marked sparing action of Ca++ was evident, while at higher concentrations of Ca++ some antagonism between the ions was detected. Sr++ also spared the Mg++ requirement of this organism. For B-9, which required both Mg++ and Ca++, Mg++ could be shown to spare the need for Ca++.An absolute requirement of one organism for Fe++ was demonstrated. Ni++ and Co++ showed no sparing action and proved to be toxic at a level at which Fe++ produced an optimum growth response.

Experimental degradation of crude oil by marine bacteria

1978 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nagata ◽  
Goro Kondo ◽  
Tomoyuki Asano
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Bacteria

Selective degradation of biphenyl and methylbiphenyls in crude oil by two strains of marine bacteria

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Fedorak ◽  
D. W. S. Westlake
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Marine Sediment ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Aromatic Fraction ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

Bacterial isolates were obtained from marine sediment and water enrichment cultures which had been maintained for 3 years by monthly transfers on artificial seawater with Prudhoe Bay crude oil as the sole carbon source. Capillary gas chromatographic analyses showed that two isolates selectively degraded only biphenyl, 3-methylbiphenyl, 4-methylbiphenyl, and three other minor, unidentified compounds in the aromatic fraction. No degradation was detected in the saturate fraction, nor in the sulfur heterocyclic component of the oil. When grown on any of the pure biphenyls, these isolates produced a transient, yellow intermediate which had the spectrophotometric characteristics of α-hydroxymuconic semialdehydes. Growth on either methylbiphenyl compound produced a methylbenzoic acid, indicating that the nonmethylated ring was the first to be cleaved. The isolates, identified as Alcaligenes sp. and Acinetobacter sp., were also able to grow on benzoic acid, 3-, and 4-methylbenzoic acids, indicating that they could further metabolize the aromatic acid intermediates.

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