Characterization and nutritional properties of Methanothrix concilii sp. nov., a mesophilic, aceticlastic methanogen

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1383-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Methanogenic Bacterium ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Optimum Ph

A nonmotile, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming, mesophilic methanogenic bacterium was isolated from sewage sludge. The cells stained Gram negative. In the presence of CO2, the isolate was able to grow and produce significant amounts of methane from acetic acid. No growth or methane formation was observed when H2, methanol, pyruvate, propionate, butyrate, formate, or trimethylamine were provided as substrates in the presence of CO2. About 0.95 mol of CH4 was produced per mole of acetic acid consumed. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were 7.1–7.5 and 35–40 °C, respectively. The mass doubling time was about 24 h under optimum growth conditions. The almost complete inhibition of methane formation by 10 μM 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (2-BES) was reversed in the presence of 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS-CoM). D-Cycloserine at 0.1 mg/mL concentration caused complete inhibition of growth. Sludge fluid enhanced the rate of methane formation, whereas 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract was inhibitory. The optimum initial CO2 (added as NaHCO3) for growth on acetic acid was 1.8 mM. The DNA base composition was 61.25 ± 0.60 mol% G + C. On the basis of its characteristics, this isolate is classified as Methanothrix concilii sp. nov. and the type strain is GP6 (=NRC 2989).

Methanococcus frisius sp.nov., a new methylotrophic marine methanogen

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Heinz Blotevogel ◽  
Ulrich Fischer ◽  
Karl Heinz Lüpkes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Methanogenic Bacterium ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Ph Range

A Gram-negative, nonmotile, coccoid methanogenic bacterium of 0.9–1.6 μm in diameter was isolated from shoal mud of the southern North Sea (West Germany). The isolate grew on H2 + CO2, methanol, and methylamines. Best growth occurred between 35 and 42 °C in a pH range of 6.5–7.2. The organism was highly sensitive to detergents and the cell wall probably consisted only of proteins. Growth of the organism was inhibited in the presence of ionophores like monensin or lasalocid. The DNA base composition was 38.2 ± 1.0 mol% G+C. The isolate is considered to be anew species and the name Methanococcus frisius is proposed.

scholarly journals Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the α-Proteobacteria

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattaraporn Yukphan ◽  
Wanchern Potacharoen ◽  
Somboon Tanasupawat ◽  
Morakot Tanticharoen ◽  
Yuzo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Type Strains

Three bacterial strains were isolated from flowers collected in Bangkok, Thailand, by an enrichment-culture approach for acetic acid bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were located in the lineage of the genus Asaia but constituted a cluster separate from the type strains of Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis. The DNA base composition of the isolates was 60·2–60·5 mol% G+C, with a range of 0·3 mol%. The isolates constituted a taxon separate from Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis on the basis of DNA–DNA relatedness. The isolates had morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics similar to those of the type strains of Asaia bogorensis and Asaia siamensis, but the isolates grew on maltose. The major ubiquinone was Q10. On the basis of the results obtained, the name Asaia krungthepensis sp. nov. is proposed for the isolates. The type strain is isolate AA08T (=BCC 12978T=TISTR 1524T=NBRC 100057T=NRIC 0535T), which had a DNA G+C content of 60·3 mol% and was isolated from a heliconia flower (‘paksaasawan’ in Thai; Heliconia sp.) collected in Bangkok, Thailand.

Granulibacter bethesdensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a distinctive pathogenic acetic acid bacterium in the family Acetobacteraceae

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2609-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Greenberg ◽  
Stephen F. Porcella ◽  
Frida Stock ◽  
Alexandra Wong ◽  
Patricia S. Conville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reca Protein ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
The Family

A Gram-negative, aerobic, coccobacillus to rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from three patients with chronic granulomatous disease. The organism was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the RecA protein demonstrated that the organism belongs to a new sublineage within the acetic acid bacteria in the family Acetobacteraceae. Phenotypic features are summarized as follows: the organism grew at an optimum temperature of 35–37 °C and optimum pH of 5.0–6.5. It produced a yellow pigment, oxidized lactate and acetate, the latter weakly, produced little acetic acid from ethanol and could use methanol as a sole carbon source. The two major fatty acids were a straight-chain unsaturated acid (C18 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. The DNA base composition was 59.1 mol% G+C. The very weak production of acetic acid from ethanol, the ability to use methanol, the yellow pigmentation and high optimum temperature for growth distinguished this organism from other acetic acid bacteria. The unique phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics suggest that the bacterium should be classified within a separate genus, for which the name Granulibacter bethesdensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CGDNIH1T (=ATCC BAA-1260T=DSM 17861T).

Effect of sulfate on anaerobic processes fed with dual substrates

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongchin Polprasert ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Optimal Feed

Anaerobic reactors were operated in a semi-batch mode and fed with the dual substrates glucose (G) plus acetic acid (Ac) as primary organic sources to study the effect of sulfate on COD oxidation. With glucose, COD removal by methane formation was seriously inhibited, resulting in COD accumulation in the reactor. Although acetic acid can be consumed by some sulfate-reducing species, it was not a major substrate for sulfate reduction, but was largely responsible for methane formation in the anaerobic mixed culture used in this study. With dual substrates, extreme inhibition of methanogenesis did not occur as did with glucose alone. Instead, methanogens were found to work in harmony with acid formers as well as sulfate reducers to oxidise COD. Interestingly, from 12-hour monitoring, increased G/Ac COD ratios decreased COD removal rates as well as biogas production, but resulted in higher sulfate reduction. This suggests that there should be an optimal feed G/Ac COD ratio, for which removal of both organics could be maximised.

Mutants with altered DNA base composition inBacterium paracoli — the evidence from a marker

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Gause ◽  
A. V. Laiko ◽  
M. V. Bibikova ◽  
L. I. Kusovkova ◽  
T. I. Selesneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Composition ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Dna Base

William Bateson, Richard Goldschmidt, and Non-Genic Modes of Speciation

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Forsdyke
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Parental Factors ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
William Bateson ◽  
Dna Base ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Richard Goldschmidt

Sometimes a cross between two individuals that appear to belong to the same species produces a sterile offspring (i.e., their hybrid is sterile). Thus, the two individuals appear reproductively isolated from each other. If each could find a compatible mate, then new species might emerge. At issue is whether the form of hybrid sterility that precedes sympatric differentiation into species is, in the general case, of genic or non-genic origin. Several recent papers lend the authority of William Bateson to the genic hypothesis, referring to the "Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller hypothesis". All these papers cite a 1996 paper that, in turn, cites a 1909 paper of Bateson. However, from 1902 until 1926 the latter espoused a non-genic hypothesis that today would be classified as "chromosomal". Analysis of Bateson's 1909 text reveals no recantation. Bateson's non-genic view was similar to that advanced by Richard Goldschmidt in the 1940s. However, Bateson proposed a contribution from parents of abstract factors that, together in their hybrids, complement to bring about a negative effect (hybrid sterility). In contrast, Goldschmidt proposed that normally parents contribute complementary factors making parental chromosomes compatible at meiosis in their hybrids, which hence are fertile (i.e., the parental factors work together to produce a positive effect). When the factors are not sufficiently complementary the parental chromosomes are incompatible in their hybrids, which hence are sterile. The non-genic Batesonian–Goldschmidtian abstractions are now being fleshed-out chemically in terms of DNA base-composition differences.

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