Glycoconjugate and lipid components ofRhizobium"hedysari" IS123, a root-nodule symbiont of the stress-tolerant legumeHedysarum coronarium

We have examined the diversity of glycoconjugates and cellular lipids of Rhizobium "hedysari" IS123, a bacterial symbiont that specifically nodulates the drought-tolerant forage legume Hedysarum coronarium. IS123 develops a complete capsule consisting of a loose fibrillar network of ruthenium-red-staining acidic polymers and produces two different exopolysaccharides (EPS). EPS-A contains glucose, galactose, mannose, and a noncarbohydrate substitution tentatively identified as a lactyl ester. The composition of EPS-B, which includes glucose and galactose, as well as O-acetyl, pyruvyl, and succinyl substituents, is very similar to that of the EPS-II described in Rhizobium meliloti. IS123 also makes an O-acetylated heterooligosaccharide and unsubstituted β-1,2-glucans. The cellular fatty acid composition of IS123 is dominated by 18:1 and also includes 14:0, 16:0, 16:1, 3OH-16:0, 17:0Δ, 18:0, 3OH-18:0, and 19:0Δ. Phospholipids of IS123 include phosphatidylethanolamine, N-methyl phosphatidylethanolamine, N,N-dimethyl phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylglycerol.Key words: Rhizobium, capsule, exopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lipids.

Download Full-text

Ruthenium Red Staining of Human Hard Keratin Fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054005 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 278-279

Author(s):

M. C. Buhrer ◽

R. A. Mathews

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽

Biochemical Studies ◽

Keratin Fibers ◽

Ruthenium Red Staining ◽

Extracellular Materials

Ruthenium red has been used as a stain to demonstrate a variety of extracellular materials, especially acid mucopolysaccharides. It also reacts with certain intracellular and extracellular lipids. Since biochemical studies in our laboratory demonstrated the presence of a variety of monosaccharides in human hair ruthenium red staining procedures were adopted in order to evaluate the presence and morphological location of acid oligosaccharides in the keratinized aspect of hair.

Download Full-text

'Necton' suIla - A preliminary agronomic evaluation

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1990.52.1941 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 157-159

Author(s):

Hari Krishna ◽

Peter D. Kemp ◽

The Late Sally D. Newton

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

Grazing Intensity ◽

Grazing Management ◽

Forage Legume ◽

High Quality ◽

Late Autumn ◽

Agronomic Evaluation ◽

Hedysarum Coronarium ◽

One Year

'Necton' sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a perennial forage legume with potential to provide high quality, non-bloating feed. This trial examined the effect of grazing intensity and frequency on sulla over one year. Annual dry matter yields ranged from 7.4 to 18.0 t/ha. There was no difference in the yield of hard and lax-grazed plots but grazing in late autumn significantly decreased plant density and yield. Keywords 'Necton', sulla, legume, grazing management

Download Full-text

Structure, properties and enhanced expression of galactose-binding C-type lectins in mucous cells of gills from freshwater Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica)

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3600107 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 360 (1) ◽

pp. 107-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Abinash Chandra MISTRY ◽

Shinji HONDA ◽

Shigehisa HIROSE

Keyword(s):

Ruthenium Red ◽

Anguilla Japonica ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Mucous Cells ◽

Cdna Subtraction ◽

Competitive Binding Assay ◽

Enhanced Expression ◽

Ruthenium Red Staining ◽

High Level ◽

Cdna Subtraction Library

Using a Japanese-eel (Anguilla japonica) gill cDNA subtraction library, two novel β-d-galactose-binding lectins were identified that belong to group VII of the animal C-type lectin family. The eel C-type lectins, termed eCL-1 and eCL-2, are simple lectins composed of 163 amino acid residues, including a 22-residue signal peptide for secretion and a single carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of ∼ 130 residues typical of C-type lectins. The galactose specificity of the CRD was suggested by the presence of a QPD motif and confirmed by a competitive binding assay. Using Ruthenium Red staining, the lectins were shown to bind Ca2+ ions. SDS/PAGE showed that native eCL-1 and eCL-2have an SDS-resistant octameric structure (a tetramer of disulphide-linked dimers). Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated high-level expression of eCL-1 and eCL-2 mRNAs and their protein products in gills from freshwater eels, which decreased markedly when the eels were transferred from freshwater to seawater. Immunohistochemistry showed that the eel lectins are localized in the exocrine mucous cells of the gill.

Download Full-text

Morphology and ultrastructure of oral strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Haemophilus aphrophilus

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.30.2.588-600.1980 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 588-600

Author(s):

S C Holt ◽

A C Tanner ◽

S S Socransky

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Haemophilus Aphrophilus ◽

Ruthenium Red Staining ◽

Amorphous Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

Selected human oral and nonoral strains of the genera Actinobacillus and Haemophilus were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The strains examined were morphologically identical to recognized Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus. By transmission electron microscopy, the cells were typically gram negative in morphology, with several strains possessing some extracellular ruthenium red-staining polymeric material. Numerous vesicular structures, morphologically identical to lipopolysaccharide vesicles, were seen to originate from and be continuous with the surface of the outer membrane. Large numbers of these vesicles were also found in the external environment. Scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that both actinobacilli and haemophili possessed surface projections and an amorphous surface material which connected and covered adjacent cells.

Download Full-text

Observation of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 using the Tokuyasu method

Microscopy ◽

10.1093/jmicro/dfaa021 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 286-290

Author(s):

Takamichi Kamigaki ◽

Akihiro Ogawa

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Colloidal Gold ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽

Ruthenium Red Staining ◽

Observation Method ◽

Β Lactoglobulin

Abstract Some species of lactic acid bacteria used for the production of natural cheese produce exopolysaccharides (EPS). Electron microscopy is useful for analyzing the microstructure of EPS produced by lactic acid bacteria. However, pretreatments used to observe the microstructure of EPS by electron microscopy, such as dehydration and resin embedding, can result in EPS flowing out easily from the cell. Therefore, in this study, the Tokuyasu method was conducted on cryosection to reduce EPS outflow. Two types of observation method, namely, using lectin and ruthenium red, were conducted in an attempt to observe EPS produced by Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171. Observation using the lectin method confirmed that colloidal gold particles conjugated with a lectin recognizing β-galactoside were present in the capsule. Structures that appeared to be β-galactoside-containing slime polysaccharides that were released from the cell wall were also observed. Observation using ruthenium red showed that capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in the capsule were present as a net-like structure. Colloidal gold conjugation with an anti-β-lactoglobulin antibody, in addition to ruthenium red staining, allowed the identification of slime polysaccharides released from the cell wall in the milk protein network derived from the culture medium. Based on these results, the Tokuyasu method was considered to be a useful pretreatment method to clarify and observe the presence of EPS. In particular, both CPS in the capsule and slime exopolysaccharides released from the cell wall were visualized.

Download Full-text