Thermal sustainability of groundwater-source cooling in Winnipeg, Manitoba

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1290-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Ferguson ◽  
Allan D Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
Groundwater Source

Groundwater from the Carbonate Rock Aquifer is extensively used for cooling purposes in Winnipeg, Manitoba. This paper examines the factors affecting the magnitude and timing of temperature increases at production wells in groundwater-source cooling applications through numerical modeling and observations at a case study site. Generic simulations carried out using typical hydrogeologic parameters for the Carbonate Rock Aquifer suggested that temperature increases of a few degrees occur at a typical production well only a few years after the start of operation in a given system. Spacing of the wells and pumping rates were found to have a greater affect than material properties in a homogeneous aquifer. A case study of a thermal doublet in the Winnipeg area indicated, however, that heterogeneities are capable of causing a departure from the predicted temperatures of the generic models. The case study showed that it is possible to make reasonable predictions of the behaviour of the subsurface temperature field during thermal development of the Carbonate Rock Aquifer. Temperature records of the length used in this study will not be available in new developments, however, and efforts must be made to conduct more extensive field investigations to ensure that designs can properly account for geologic conditions.Key words: geothermal energy, fractured rock, Carbonate Rock Aquifer, Winnipeg, Manitoba, injection, heat flow.

Factors Affecting The Sustainability Of The Asphalt Roads: A Case Study Of Irbid Inner Ring Road, Jordan

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Eng. Nasr Ahmad Eng. Nasr Ahmad ◽  
◽  
Dr. Mihai Iliescu
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ring Road

Factors Affecting Financial Literacy of Vietnamese Adults: A Case Study for Hanoi and Nghe An

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tue Nguyen Dang
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Behaviors ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Literacy Level

This research examines the factors affecting the financial literacy of Vietnamese adults. Using a sample of 266 observations of adults in 2 big cities in Vietnam (Hanoi and Vinh in Nghe An Province), the author evaluates the literacy level of adults in these urban areas. The financial literacy of the interviewed people is low. The multiple regression results show that lower financial literacy levels associate with higher age and married status and higher financial literacy levels associate with higher education, more family members, the person making financial decisions and the person attending a useful financial course. This research also explores the association between financial literacy and financial behaviors of individuals employing logistic models. It is found that higher financial literacy associates with less probability of overspending and higher probability of saving money and careful spending. Higher financial literacy is also found to associate with higher probability of opening a savings account and making various investments. 

scholarly journals Attrition as a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization

2021 ◽  
pp. 019251212110192
Author(s):  
Trix van Mierlo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
System A ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Democratic System

Oftentimes, democracy is not spread out evenly over the territory of a country. Instead, pockets of authoritarianism can persist within a democratic system. A growing body of literature questions how such subnational authoritarian enclaves can be democratized. Despite fascinating insights, all existing pathways rely on the actions of elites and are therefore top-down. This article seeks to kick-start the discussion on a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization, by proposing the attrition mechanism. This mechanism consists of four parts and is the product of abductive inference through theory-building causal process tracing. The building blocks consist of subnational democratization literature, social movement theory, and original empirical data gathered during extensive field research. This case study focuses on the ‘Dynasty Slayer’ in the province of Isabela, the Philippines, where civil society actors used the attrition mechanism to facilitate subnational democratization. This study implies that civil society actors in subnational authoritarian enclaves have agency.

scholarly journals Territorial governance of managed retreat in Sweden: addressing challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnel Göransson ◽  
Lisa Van Well ◽  
David Bendz ◽  
Per Danielsson ◽  
Jim Hedfors
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Case Study Site ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Flexible Planning ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Inland Flooding

AbstractMany climate adaptation options currently being discussed in Sweden to meet the challenge of surging seas and inland flooding advocate holding the line through various hard and soft measures to stabilize the shoreline, while managed retreat is neither considered as feasible option nor has it been explicitly researched in Sweden. However, failure to consider future flooding from climate change in municipal planning may have dangerous and costly consequences when the water does come. We suggest that managed retreat practices are challenging in Sweden, not only due to public opinions but also because of a deficit of uptake of territorial knowledge by decision-makers and difficulties in realizing flexible planning options of the shoreline. A territorial governance framework was used as a heuristic to explore the challenges to managed retreat in four urban case studies (three municipalities and one county) representing different territorial, hydrological and oceanographic environments. This was done through a series of participatory stakeholder workshops. The analysis using a territorial governance framework based on dimensions of coordination, integration, mobilization, adaptation and realization presents variations in how managed retreat barriers and opportunities are perceived among case study sites, mainly due to the differing territorial or place-based challenges. The results also indicate common challenges regardless of the case study site, including coordination challenges and unclear responsibility, the need for integrated means of addressing goal conflicts and being able to adapt flexibly to existing regulations and plans. Yet rethinking how managed retreat could boost community resilience and help to implement long-term visions was seen as a way to deal with some of the territorial challenges.

Determinants of water purchases by pistachio producers in an informal groundwater market: a case study from Iran

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinoush Jamali Jaghdani ◽  
Bernhard Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
Water Allocation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Scarce Water

Market-based water allocation systems have the potential to ensure that scarce water will flow to the user who earns the highest marginal value from that water. However, the number of recorded instances where water supply problems are solved by market-based systems remains limited. This study attempts to identify the decisive factors that motivate farmers’ participation in informal spot water markets in the Rafsanjan aquifer in south-eastern Iran. A two-stage random sampling was carried out in a field survey from November 2008 to February 2009. A logit model is used to test the factors affecting farmers’ decisions to buy groundwater from neighbours who share the same pump. The results show that the technological variables contribute substantially to the participation decision. For example, a decrease in water quality, an increase in the age of the garden, and an increase in the size of the water quota reduce the probability of participation. In contrast, more scattered plots, a higher water flow level from pumping, and a deeper well increase the probability of participation in water markets. Finally, the results suggest that in this area, the participation in water markets is motivated more by profit increasing factors than by farmer socioeconomic characteristics.

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