Rural Development by Land Consolidation in the Federal Republic of Germany

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
Hartmut Fritzsche
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Effective Instrument

Land consolidation is an effective instrument for improving living conditions and farm management conditions in rural areas in the Federal Republic of Germany. After a short introduction the author describes the land consolidation procedure. Planning, construction, surveying and parcel reorganization are the dominant fields in land consolidation, and these jobs are done mainly by surveying engineers. The application of geodetic techniques has become routine although new techniques are continually being developed. Planning and management for the welfare of all inhabitants in the rural areas of the country are the focal point of the land consolidation procedure.

Providing an Adequate Social Infrastructure in Rural Areas: An Application of a Maximal Supply Dispersion Model to Elementary School Planning in Rotenburg/Wümme (FRG)

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1515-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bahrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Size ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
School Planning ◽  
Structural Problems

A short introduction is given to the structural problems of rural areas in the Federal Republic of Germany, and as an example the case of the declining provision of schools (especially elementary schools) is then presented. A location-allocation model, called a maximum supply dispersion model, is introduced which is capable of demonstrating the relation between the provision of schools and the minimum school size, and which may be used as a base for planning the development of schools and other public central facilities in rural areas.

scholarly journals Strategi Pengembangan Teknologi Usahatani Konservasi untuk Pembangunan Pedesaan Berkelanjutan: Tinjauan untuk Mengatasi Kegagalan Adopsi Teknologi Usahatani Konservasi di Daerah Perbukitan

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Tri Pranadji
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Management Innovation ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Management Technology

<strong>English</strong><br />Environmental degradation, especially upland area agro ecosystem, is a serious threat to both current and future generations. Failure of conservation farm management technology development in upland rural areas is the breakdown of environmental improvement. This is an incoming danger to overall people especially those in rural areas. This paper describes strategy to develop conservation farm management technology for sustainable rural development. Through agriculture industrialization strategy based on sustainable rural development, it is expected that development of conservation farm management will be successful. Strategy of the technology development needs to consider some aspects, such as producing high value-added agricultural products and environmental services, conducive to local capital resources and economic development, favorable to young rural labor, encouraging modern farm management innovation, and contributing to established agribusiness organization and institution.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kerusakan lingkungan, khususnya agroekosistem kawasan perbukitan (upland area) harus dipandang sebagai ancaman serius bagi kehidupan masa kini dan terutama bagi generasi mendatang. Gagalnya pengembangan teknologi usahatani konservasi di pedesaan lahan kering perbukitan dan dataran tinggi dapat dipandang sebagai bobolnya upaya perbaikan lingkungan dan khususnya kawasan perbukitan. Hal ini dapat dimaknai sebagai semakin mendekatnya ancaman terhadap kehidupan masyarakat secara keseluruhan, terutama masyarakat pedesaan. Tulisan ini berupaya merumuskan strategi pengembangan teknologi usahatani konservasi untuk pembangunan pedesaan berkelanjutan. Dengan strategi industrialisasi pertanian dalam bingkai pembangunan pedesaan berkelanjutan, pengembangan teknologi usahatani konservasi diharapkan akan mencapai hasil yang lebih baik. Strategi pengembangan teknologi tersebut perlu memperhatikan berbagai aspek yaitu diarahkan untuk menghasilkan produk pertanian dan jasa lingkungan yang bernilai tambah tinggi, kondusif terhadap tenaga kerja muda pedesaan, kondusif terhadap sumberdaya kapital dan pengembangan ekonomi setempat, kondusif terhadap inovasi usahatani mutakhir, serta terbangunnya keorganisasian dan kelembagaan bisnis pertanian.

scholarly journals Internal Migration in Germany in 1990 And 2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Szymańska ◽  
Stefania Środa-Murawska ◽  
Karolina Świderska ◽  
Czesław Adamiak
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Regular Patterns

Internal Migration in Germany in 1990 And 2005The article seeks to answer the questions concerning the possibility of identifying regular patterns within internal migration in the towns and rural areas of the Federal Republic of Germany as well as factors contributing to regional variations in the process. The research involves 439 German counties (Kreise) and compares data on internal migration in the country in the years 1991 and 2005, i.e. from its reunification until the year 2005. The 15-year period of functioning of one reunited state has been assumed sufficient for capturing some regularities and trends.

The Pattern of Counterurbanization in the Federal Republic of Germany, 1977–85

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Kanaroglou ◽  
G O Braun
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Spatial Level ◽  
Second Tier

Counterurbanization in developed countries has been one of the main foci of migration research in recent years. The existence of the phenomenon in the Federal Republic of Germany has been debated. In this paper, net migration data, disaggregated by age, are utilized to examine the existence of metropolitan turnaround in the FRG for the period 1978–85. These data are provided at the county level (328 Kreise) which is more detailed than other spatial aggregation levels utilized in previous studies. In addition, use is made of two yearly migration matrices for 1977 and 1983 at the regional planning area level. In this paper, the coexistence of suburbanization and counterurbanization for the 1978–85 time period is demonstrated. Young adults, 18–25 years of age, gravitated towards the urban cores of metropolitan areas and smaller urban areas. All the other age-groups moved mainly towards the outer suburbs of metropolitan areas, the suburbs of second-tier cities, and the rural counties. The two migration matrices indicate that counterurbanization at the level of regional planning areas was not present in 1977 but started in 1978 and it was present in 1983. At the same spatial level, evidence of a net gain of metropolitan areas from second-tier cities and rural areas is also provided for 1977. This pattern was reversed for the 1978–85 period.

Professional Qualification of German Physicians in Medical Informatics

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Medical Degree ◽  
Formal Program ◽  
Medical Domain

Abstract:In addition to the medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany which includes a compulsory Medical Informatics course there exists a formal program for professional qualification of physicians in Medical Informatics. After two years of clinical practice and 1.5 years of professional training at an authorized institution, a physician may receive in addition to the medical degree a “supplement Medical Informatics”. The qualification requirements are described in detail. Physicians with the additional Medical Informatics qualification perform responsible tasks in their medical domain and serve as partners for fully specialized Medical Informatics ex-’ perts in the solution of practical Medical Informatics problems. The formal qualification is available for more than 10 years, has become increasingly attractive, and is expected to grow with respect to future Medical Informatics developments.

Studies on Thalidomide as a Cause of Congenital Malformations

1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knapp ◽  
W. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Many Sources

SummaryIn 1961 an increase in certain congenital malformations was noticed in various parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. From the outset, it seemed very probable that a single cause was responsible, since, although these malformations varied, they appeared to belong to one and the same syndrome. For general reasons, such causes as radioactivity, contraceptives, attempted abortions or virus diseases did not provide an acceptable explanation. The epidemiology was, however, suggestive of some chemical substance taken orally.After thalidomide had been indicated in several histories, suspicion of that drug was aroused and, within one week, intake of it could be proved or was found to be very likely in 17 out of 20 cases, while in the remaining cases it could not be excluded. Though this first result was highly significant, we were at first reluctant to incriminate thalidomide definitely, because there was still some doubt about the reliability of the histories. But within a few weeks, the thalidomide aetiology received support from many sources. Specific studies on limited material are sometimes superior to extensive, broadly planned investigations.

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