Rydberg states of the rare gas dimers

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall L Ginter ◽  
J Gary Eden
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Laser Excitation ◽  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Rydberg States ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Rare Gas ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Rydberg Molecules

This work is dedicated to Gerhard Herzberg and his prodigious contributions to molecular spectroscopy. Of particular relevance here is Herzberg's seminal 1987 article (Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 38, 27 (1987)) in which he discussed the electronic structures of several groups of molecules he termed "Rydberg molecules". Among these are the rare gas dimers (Rg2), a group whose study has benefited significantly from recent advances in laser excitation and synchrotron-based spectroscopies, as well as in theory. Following the spirit of Herzberg's 1987 article, this paper reviews some of the more prominent features of Rydberg states in the Rg2 family as viewed from the current perspective.Key words: rare gas dimers, rare gas dimer excited states, Rg2 electronic structures, Rydberg states of He2, Ne2, Ar2, Kr2, and Xe2, electronic states of He2, Ne2, Ar2, Kr2, and Xe2.

Studies of the ionization of molecules by electron impact - II. Excited states of the molecular ions of methane and the methyl halides

1957 ◽  
Vol 241 (1225) ◽  
pp. 194-207 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Methyl Halides ◽  
Spin Orbital ◽  
Orbital Interactions ◽  
Electronic Excited States ◽  
First Time

The ionization of methane and the methyl halide molecules by essentially mono-energetic electrons, produced by pulse techniques, has been studied in detail in a mass spectrometer. It has been possible to detect for the first time the production of the molecular ions of these compounds in most of their excited electronic states. In the cases of the ions of methyl bromide and iodide we have been able to resolve the components of the doublets of the ground 2 E states which arise from spin-orbital interactions in these molecular ions. The several ionization potentials of each of the molecules which refer to the formation of the ions in their different electronic excited states have been measured. These new results are of interest in that they enable the molecular-orbital theories of the electronic structures of methane and the methyl halides to be assessed. They also provide support for recent theories of the origin of the ions in the mass spectra of organic compounds. It has been demonstrated that there is a monotonic relationship between the ionization potential of electrons in the [ σα 1 ] bonding orbital localized in the C— X bond of these molecules and the corresponding bond dissociation energy.

Electronic spectrum of the BF molecule

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Caton ◽  
A. E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Ionization Potential ◽  
Electronic Spectrum ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Absorption ◽  
Rydberg States ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Rydberg Series ◽  
Absorption And Emission

The electronic absorption and emission spectrum of BF has been photographed at high resolution from 900 to 11 000 Å. In this work, many new electronic states have been found and corrections have been made to earlier work. The ionization potential has been determined to be between 89 635 and 89 680 cm−1, with the most probable value being 89 650 cm−1. Tables of the vibrational and rotational constants of all the known states of BF are presented. All but two of the excited states of BF have been classified as Rydberg states and have been assigned to Rydberg series. The interactions between the various Rydberg states are discussed.

Positron Manipulation and Positronium Laser Excitation in AEgIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 373 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Mariazzi ◽  
Ruggero Caravita ◽  
Stefano Aghion ◽  
Claude Amsler ◽  
Akitaka Ariga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Charge Exchange ◽  
Laser Excitation ◽  
Rydberg States ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Charge Exchange Reaction ◽  
Dense Cloud ◽  
Recent Advances

Production of antihydrogen by using the charge exchange reaction, as proposed by AEgIS (Antimatter Experiment: gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy), requires the formation of a dense cloud of positronium atoms excited to Rydberg states. In this work, the recent advances in AEgIS towards this result are described. Namely, the manipulation of positrons to produce bunches containing more than 108 particles and the laser excitation of positronium to Rydberg states, using n=3 as intermediate level, are presented.

History and Cross-Disciplinary Perspective of Compositional Imaging and Mapping With Nexafs Microscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
H. Ade
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Electronic States ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Disciplinary Perspective ◽  
Core Electrons ◽  
X Ray Absorption

In Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) microscopy, excitations of core electrons into unoccupied molecular orbitals or electronic states provide sensitivity to a wide variety of chemical functionalities in molecules and solids. This sensitivity complements infrared (IR) spectroscopy, although the NEXAFS spectra are not quite as specific and “rich” as IR spectra. The sensitivity of NEXAFS to distinguish chemical bonds and electronic structures covers a wide variety of samples: from metals to inorganics and organics. (There is a tendency in the community to use the term NEXAFS for soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic materials, while for inorganic materials or at higher energies X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) is utilized, even though the fundamental physics is the same.) The sensitivity of NEXAFS is particularly high to distinguish saturated from unsaturated bonds. NEXAFS can also detect conjugation in a molecule, as well as chemical shifts due to heteroatoms.

Spectroscopic trends in a series of Re(I) α-diimine complexes as a function of the antenna/photoisomerizable ligands: a TD-DFT and MS-CASPT2 study

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Kayanuma ◽  
Chantal Daniel ◽  
Etienne Gindensperger
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
B3lyp Level ◽  
Ligand Charge Transfer ◽  
Td Dft ◽  
Energy Domain ◽  
Diimine Complexes

The absorption spectra of 11 rhenium(I) complexes with photoisomerizable stilbene-like ligands have been investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT). The electronic structures of the ground and excited states were determined for [Re(CO)3(N,N)(L)]+ (N,N = bpy (2,2′-bipyridine), phen (1,10-phenanthroline), Me4phen (3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), ph2phen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), or Clphen (5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline); L = bpe (1,2-bis(4-pyrydil)ethylene), stpy (4-styrylpyridine), or CNstpy (4-(4-cyano)styrylpyridine)) at the time–dependent (TD) DFT/CAM-B3LYP level of theory in vacuum and acetonitrile to highlight the effects of both antenna N,N and isomerizable L ligands. The TD-DFT spectra of two representative complexes, namely [Re(CO)3(bpy)(stpy)]+ and [Re(CO)3(phen)(bpe)]+, have been compared with MS-CASPT2 spectra. The TD-DFT spectra obtained in vacuum and acetonitrile agree rather well both with the ab initio and experimental spectra. The absorption spectroscopy of this series of molecules is characterized by the presence of three low-lying metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states absorbing in the visible energy domain. The nature of the isomerizable ligands (bpe, stpy, or CNstpy) and the type of antenna ligands (bpy, phen, and substituted phen) control the degree of mixing between the MLCT and intraligand excited states, their relative energies, as well as their intensities.

Broadband Optical Limiting and CCD Sensor Protection From Nanosecond-Pulsed Laser Threat With Reverse Saturable Absorbers

1997 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dentan ◽  
P. Feneyrou ◽  
F. Soyer ◽  
M. Vergnolle ◽  
P. Le Barny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Laser Excitation ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorbers ◽  
Nanosecond Pulsed Laser ◽  
Optical Limiter ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Ccd Arrays ◽  
Pulsed Laser Irradiation

AbstractWe study in detail the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a heavy metal substituted naphthalocyanine reverse saturable absorber (RSA). The excited states involved in the RSA process under nanosecond pulsed laser excitation in the visible are fully characterized. We then demonstrate that this material can be used as an efficient optical limiter for protecting silicium CCD arrays from destruction due to nanosecond-pulsed laser irradiation in the visible.

Low‐lying electronic states of the rare gas oxides

1977 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 3767-3777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thom. H. Dunning ◽  
P. Jeffrey Hay
Keyword(s):  
Electronic States ◽  
Rare Gas
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