scholarly journals Excess volume and viscosity of binary liquid acid–base mixtures

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 3125-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio N. Sólimo ◽  
Roque Riggio ◽  
José A. Espíndola ◽  
Silvia del V. Alonso ◽  
Miguel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Acid ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Excess Partial Molar Volume ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation

Densities, viscosities, and refractive indices at 25 °C were determined for the systems: o chlorophenol + N,N-dimethylaniline, o-chlorophenol + aniline, o-chlorophenol + m-toluidine, and o-chlorophenol + pyridine. From the experimental results the excess volume, excess viscosity, excess molar free energy of activation of flow, and the excess partial molar volume were calculated. There is evidence of complex formation between o-chlorophenol and the four bases.

Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Liquid Acid–Base Mixtures

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1258-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio N. Sólimo ◽  
Roque Riggio ◽  
Franco Davolio ◽  
Miguel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Excess Enthalpy ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation ◽  
Excess Thermodynamic Functions

Viscosities, densities, refractive indices, and enthalpies at 25 °C were determined for the systems: propionic acid + aniline (PA + A ), propionic acid + N,N-dimethylaniline (PA + DMA ), and propionic acid + pyridine (PA + P). From the experimental results the excess volume, excess viscosity, excess molar free energy of activation, and excess enthalpy were calculated. The deviations from ideality for the excess thermodynamic functions are more important for the systems PA + A and PA + P than for PA + DMA. There is evidence for complex formation between propionic acid and aniline in the following molar relation: 2CH3CH2COOH·C6H5NH2.

Viscosities, Densities, and Refractive Indices of Binary Liquid Mixtures

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2605-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Katz ◽  
Pedro W. Lobo ◽  
A. Sancho Miñano ◽  
Horacio Sólimo
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Excess Volume ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Dispersion Forces ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation

The viscosities, densities, and refractive indices at 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C were determined for the systems: aniline + toluene (A + T), N,N-dimethylaniline + toluene (DMA + T), and aniline + n-butanol (A + B). From the experimental results the excess volume, excess viscosity, and excess molar free energy of activation of flow were calculated. The deviations from ideality for the excess thermo dynamic functions are more important for the systems (A + T) and (A + B) than for (DMA + T). This fact is explained by the existence of dispersion forces in the mixture and by the presence of hydrogen bonds in pure aniline and pure butanol.

Viscosities and densities of binary liquid mixtures of m-cresol with substituted anilines. Part 3

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramamurthy Palepu ◽  
Joan Oliver ◽  
Brian MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Excess Volume ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Substituted Anilines ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Excess Partial Molar Volume ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation ◽  
Different Temperatures

Densities and viscosities were determined for the binary systems of m-cresol with aniline, N-methylaniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, N-ethylaniline, and N, N-diethylaniline at five different temperatures. From the experimental results, the excess volume, excess viscosity, excess molar free energy of activation of flow, excess partial molar volume, and partial molar volumes were calculated. Also various thermodynamic parameters of activation of flow were calculated from the dependence of viscosity on temperature. The deviations from ideality of thermodynamic and transport functions are explained on the basis of molecular interactions between the components of the mixture.

Mixtures of methyl isobutyl ketone with three butanols at various temperatures

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (24) ◽  
pp. 3305-3308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roque Riggio ◽  
Juan F. Ramos ◽  
Mariana Hernandez Ubeda ◽  
José A. Espindola
Keyword(s):  
Excess Volume ◽  
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Methyl Isobutyl ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Isobutyl Ketone ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation ◽  
Excess Thermodynamic Function

The viscosities, densities, and refractive indices at 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C were determined for the systems: methyl isobutyl ketone–n-butanol (MIK–B1), methyl isobutyl ketone–sec-butanol (MIK–B2), and methyl isobutyl ketone–isobutanol (MIK–B3). From the experimental results the excess volume, excess viscosity, and excess molar free energy of activation of flow were calculated. The deviations from ideality for the excess thermodynamic function are more important for the system (MIK–B2) than for the systems (MIK–B3) and (MIK–B1). This fact is explained by the existence of hydrogen bonds in the alcohols, stronger in the primary alcohols than in sec-butanol.

Thermodynamic and transport properties of binary liquid systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheo Prakash ◽  
Kandimalla Sivanarayana ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ketone ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Excess Viscosity ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Ethyl Methyl ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Ethyl Methyl Ketone ◽  
Deviation In Isentropic Compressibility

Densities, viscosities, and sound velocities were determined for the system o-chlorophenol + acetone and o-chlorophenol + ethyl methyl ketone at 25 °C. From the experimental results, the deviation in isentropic compressibility KS, excess molar volume VE, excess viscosity ηE, and excess molar free energy of activation of flow G*E were calculated. The deviations from ideality of the thermodynamic and transport functions are explained on the basis of molecular interactions between the components of the mixture.

Investigations of the Reversion of Vulcanized Rubber under Heat

1952 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Energy Of Activation ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Molar Free Energy ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling ◽  
Free Sulfur

Abstract (1) During reversion of a vulcanizate, the breakdown of cross-linkages, including those of polysulfides, predominates over any simultaneous reformation of cross-linkages. (2) The reverting modulus falls exponentially with time. (3) The calculated molar free energy of activation is 33.3 ± 1.7 kcal., irrespective of the temperature or the atmosphere of cure or the composition of the mix, and is sufficient to rupture an —S—S— bond. (4) The degree of cross-linking, estimated from the equilibrium swelling measurements in benzene, falls during reversion. (5) The exclusion of oxygen during curing does not prevent reversion if the temperature is high enough to supply the energy needed to break up the cross-linkages. (6) During reversion in nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide is freely evolved, and the C/H ratio rises above the value for C5H8. (7) Evidence for the formation and breakdown of polysulfides during reversion is provided by an increase in free sulfur and a decrease in combined sulfur during a given cure, and the methyl iodide reaction of the reverted vulcanizates.

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