Structure of an acidic polysaccharide elaborated by Bacilluspolymyxa-1231-ATCC 842

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah M. Abdel-Kader ◽  
Mohamady A. Issa ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Backbone Chain ◽  
Branched Structure

An extracellular acidic polysaccharide, elaborated by Bacilluspolymyxa, was composed of D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid (approximate molar ratio of 4:3:1:1). Methylation and fragmentation analysis by partial acid hydrolysis indicated that the polysaccharide had a complicated, highly branched structure, consisting mainly of β(1 → 3) and (1 → 4) D-glycosidic linkages. The backbone chain containing D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid residues is attached at the C-4, C-3, and C-4 positions, respectively, one out of every three glucose residues being substituted at the C-2 position to form two kinds of branches at the C-2 and C-4 positions, with side chains of single or a few carbohydrate units that are terminated by D-glucose and (or) D-mannose residues. Keywords: acidic polysaccharide, Bacilluspolymyxa.

Structural Analysis of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Tremella mesenterica NRRL Y-6158

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Fraser ◽  
H. J. Jennings ◽  
P. Moyna
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Limited Variation ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
End Group

An acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the culture medium of T. mesenterica NRRL Y-6158. The heteropolymer contained D-xylose, D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid, and O-acetyl in the molar ratios of 7:5:1:0.7, respectively. Methylation analysis of the heteropolymer indicated that it was essentially a 1 → 3-α-linked mannopyranose backbone having approximately 80% of the backbone units substituted, thus forming a very highly branched structure. The substituents on the backbone were found to be D-glucopyranosyluronic acid end-group, β-linked to the O-2 positions of the mannopyranose units, and 2-O-β-D-linked xylopyranose side-chains, linked both to the O-2 and O-4 positions of the mannopyranose backbone. The methylation analysis suggests that these side-chains are probably two or three xylopyranose units long, although a limited variation in the length of the side-chains is a possibility.

A POLYSACCHARIDE FROM THE BLUE-GREEN ALGA, ANABAENA CYLINDRICA

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
G. A. Adams ◽  
E. O. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Anabaena Cylindrica ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Fresh Water Alga

A complex polysaccharide has been isolated from the fresh-water alga, Anabaena cylindrica, grown in a synthetic culture medium. Prolonged acid hydrolysis yielded glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 5: 4: 4: 1: 1: 1. Chemical fractionations of the polysaccharide material from solution in cupriethylenediamine, and of its acetate from organic solvents indicated chemical homogeneity.

scholarly journals Preparation of a Novel Glucuronomannan from Auricularia Auricala and its Immunological Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghong Li ◽  
Dan Jiang ◽  
Hongtao Bi ◽  
Dazheng Liu ◽  
Sungju Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Ft Ir

A glucuronomannan (AA-4-H, Mw around 4 KDa) was prepared from the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricala by extraction with hot water, deproteination by Sevag reagent, stepwise precipitation with ethanol and partial acid hydrolysis. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that AA-4-H consisted of 91% mannose (Man) and 9% glucuronic acid (GlcA). FT-IR, NMR and methylation analyses indicated that AA-4-H is a branched glucuronomannan. Its main chains are composed of 1, 3-linked α-Man p, side chains are single α-Man p or α-GlcA residues attached to the O-2 and O-6 of Man residues of the main chains. Bioassay indicated that AA-4-H remarkably enhanced B lymphocyte proliferation and increased the production of nitric oxide of macrophages in vitro. Thus, glucuronomannan AA-4-H could be explored as a potential immunostimulation agent.

CONSTITUTION OF A DEGRADED POLYSACCHARIDE FROM WHEAT BRAN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schmorak ◽  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Glycosidic Bond ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
End Group ◽  
Acid Unit

Graded acid hydrolysis of a soluble wheat bran hemicellulose containing L-arabinose (50%), D-xylose (38.5%), and D-glucuronic acid (9.0%) preferentially removed the L-arabinose giving an insoluble acidic polysaccharide in approximately 25% yield by weight. Methylation studies, periodate oxidation data, and hypoiodite end group estimations showed that the degraded polysaccharide was composed of repeating units of 7-8 D-xylopyranose residues joined by β,1 → 4 linkages. To this repeating unit, one D-glucuronic acid unit was attached by a 1 → 2 glycosidic bond. The cellulolytic enzyme of Myrotheciumverrucaria, which is specific for β,1 → 4 glycosidic linkages, hydrolyzed the degraded polysaccharide although it had no effect on the parent hemicellulose

STRUCTURE OF AN ARABINOGALACTAN FROM TAMARACK (LARIX LARICINA)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1563-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haq ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Partial acid hydrolysis of an arabinogalactan from tamarack wood yielded:(I) L-arabinose,(II) D-galactose,(III) 3-O-β-L-arabinopyranosyl-L-arabinose,(IV) 6-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose,(V) 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose,(VI) O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 6)-O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 6)-D-galactose,(VII) 3,6-di-O-(galactopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose,(VIII) O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 3)-O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 3)-D-galactose,(IX) O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 6)-O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 3)-D-galactose,(X) O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 6)-O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 6)-O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 3)-D-galactose,(XI) O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 6)-O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 3)-O-D-galactopyranosyl(1 → 3)-D-galactose.A previously published structure for the tamarack polysaccharide was revised to show that not more than two consecutive 1 → 3 or 1 → 6 linkages respectively were present in the main core of the repeating unit. Some of the 6-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose units occurred as side chains as well as in the main body of the molecule.

Galactomannan from the seed of Indigofera spicata

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Ford
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
End Group ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

A galactomannan, isolated in 3.2% yield from the seeds of Indigofera spicata (Leguminosae), has been shown to consist of D-galactose and D- mannose in the ratio of 1 : 1.82. End group determination by methylation showed 35.5%, in excellent agreement with the result revealed by the periodate method. Partial acid hydrolysis, indicated that the galactose was linked a to the 6-position of the mannose units. The polysaccharide would appear to contain a linear backbone of (1→4) β-D-manno-pyranose units with side-chains of α-D-galactopyranose units attached to C6 of approximately five out of every nine D-mannopyranose units.

HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS FROM AN EXTRACELLULAR TREMELLA POLYSACCHARIDE

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Slodki
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis

The composition of an extracellular heteropolysaccharide from Tremella mesenterica Fries NRRL Y-6151 (O-acetyl:xylose:mannose:glucuronic acid molar ratio 0.5:4.4:3.8:1) was investigated by examination of partial acid hydrolysis products. Removal of D-xylose residues by mild hydrolysis gave a polymer containing xylose:mannose:glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 2.8:3.6:1. More extensive hydrolysis led to the formation of oligosaccharides containing mannosyl units appended to 2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-mannose.

Polysaccharides from the Flowers of Malva Mauritiana L.: Structure of an Arabinogalactan

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2112-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Capek ◽  
Alžbeta Kardašová
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
C Nmr

A water-soluble arabinogalactan composed of D-galactose and L-arabinose in the mole ratio 1 : 1.4 has been isolated from the flowers of Malva mauritiana L. Partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and 13C NMR spectroscopy were employed in structure elucidation. The arabinogalactan was shown to have a highly branched structure. The core consisted of 1,6-linked β-D-galactopyranose units, about 65% of which were substituted in position C-3 by side-chains of mainly 1,5-linked α-L-arabinofuranosyl residues.

Degradation of the peach gum polysaccharide by the mixture of extracellular glycanohydrolases of aspergillus flavus

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2260-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Kardošová ◽  
Jozef Rosík ◽  
Jozef Kubala
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Peach Gum

The polysaccharide of peach gum, prepared by a partial acid hydrolysis, was degraded by a mixture of extracellular glacanohydrolases of Aspergillus flavus. This way obtained polysaccharide differed from the original one especially by a higher content of D-mannose and a lower content of D-galactose bound by (1 3) glycosidic bonds. The obtained results are discussed from the standpoint of composition of the main and side chains of the native polysaccharide.

EXOCELLULAR BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE FROM XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS NRRL B-1459: PART I. CONSTITUTION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2066-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sloneker ◽  
Allene Jeanes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Bacterial Polysaccharide ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Stable ◽  
End Group

Polysaccharide B-1459 is the first bacterial polysaccharide reported to contain pyruvic acid as a constituent. The polysaccharide, isolated as the potassium salt, was shown to be composed of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid, acetic acid, and pyruvic acid in the ratio 2.8:3.0:2.0:1.7:0.51–0.63. One-third of the total mannose was released readily as free mannose by graded acid hydrolysis with only a slow loss of the high solution viscosity. The remainder of the mannose was isolated as the acid-stable aldobiouronic acid 2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-mannose. Partial acid hydrolysis and preparative paper chromatography afforded two higher oligosaccharides: an aldotriouronic acid composed of glucuronic acid β-linked 1,2 to mannose with glucose as the reducing end group, and what appears to be an aldotetraouronic acid composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, and glucose.

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