EXOCELLULAR BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE FROM XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS NRRL B-1459: PART I. CONSTITUTION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2066-2071 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sloneker ◽  
Allene Jeanes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Bacterial Polysaccharide ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Stable ◽  
End Group

Polysaccharide B-1459 is the first bacterial polysaccharide reported to contain pyruvic acid as a constituent. The polysaccharide, isolated as the potassium salt, was shown to be composed of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid, acetic acid, and pyruvic acid in the ratio 2.8:3.0:2.0:1.7:0.51–0.63. One-third of the total mannose was released readily as free mannose by graded acid hydrolysis with only a slow loss of the high solution viscosity. The remainder of the mannose was isolated as the acid-stable aldobiouronic acid 2-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-mannose. Partial acid hydrolysis and preparative paper chromatography afforded two higher oligosaccharides: an aldotriouronic acid composed of glucuronic acid β-linked 1,2 to mannose with glucose as the reducing end group, and what appears to be an aldotetraouronic acid composed of glucuronic acid, mannose, and glucose.

scholarly journals Preparation of a Novel Glucuronomannan from Auricularia Auricala and its Immunological Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zonghong Li ◽  
Dan Jiang ◽  
Hongtao Bi ◽  
Dazheng Liu ◽  
Sungju Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Ft Ir

A glucuronomannan (AA-4-H, Mw around 4 KDa) was prepared from the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricala by extraction with hot water, deproteination by Sevag reagent, stepwise precipitation with ethanol and partial acid hydrolysis. Monosaccharides analysis revealed that AA-4-H consisted of 91% mannose (Man) and 9% glucuronic acid (GlcA). FT-IR, NMR and methylation analyses indicated that AA-4-H is a branched glucuronomannan. Its main chains are composed of 1, 3-linked α-Man p, side chains are single α-Man p or α-GlcA residues attached to the O-2 and O-6 of Man residues of the main chains. Bioassay indicated that AA-4-H remarkably enhanced B lymphocyte proliferation and increased the production of nitric oxide of macrophages in vitro. Thus, glucuronomannan AA-4-H could be explored as a potential immunostimulation agent.

EXOCELLULAR BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE FROM XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS NRRL B-1459: PART III. STRUCTURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sloneker ◽  
Danute G. Orentas ◽  
Allene Jeanes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Borohydride ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Bacterial Polysaccharide ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Anomalous Viscosity ◽  
Viscosity Behavior ◽  
Mild Acid

Periodate oxidation showed that the O-acetyl groups in the polysaccharide sterically affected the rate but not the extent of oxidation of the D-mannose residues, two-thirds of which were glycosidically substituted at C2 by a D-glucuronic acid residue and one-third of which was linked as a terminal side-chain residue. The D-glucose and D-glucuronic acid residues oxidized by periodate were substituted at C4, but both were more resistant to oxidation than were the D-mannose residues. One-third of the D-glucose residues and a significant quantity of the D-glucuronic acid residues were inert to vigorous periodate oxidation and may bear side-chain residues. Quantitative recovery of the periodate-stable D-glucose residues as 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-D-erythritol, after the oxidized polysaccharide was reduced with sodium borohydride and hydrolyzed with mild acid, revealed that two-thirds of the D-glucose residues were in pairs linked (β, 1 → 4). The pyruvic acid linkage in the polysaccharide was established as a 4,6-O-1-carboxyethylidene ketal attached to a terminal D-glucose side-chain residue. The structure of the polysaccharide is discussed in relation to its anomalous viscosity behavior in salt solutions.

CONSTITUTION OF A DEGRADED POLYSACCHARIDE FROM WHEAT BRAN

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schmorak ◽  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Glycosidic Bond ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
End Group ◽  
Acid Unit

Graded acid hydrolysis of a soluble wheat bran hemicellulose containing L-arabinose (50%), D-xylose (38.5%), and D-glucuronic acid (9.0%) preferentially removed the L-arabinose giving an insoluble acidic polysaccharide in approximately 25% yield by weight. Methylation studies, periodate oxidation data, and hypoiodite end group estimations showed that the degraded polysaccharide was composed of repeating units of 7-8 D-xylopyranose residues joined by β,1 → 4 linkages. To this repeating unit, one D-glucuronic acid unit was attached by a 1 → 2 glycosidic bond. The cellulolytic enzyme of Myrotheciumverrucaria, which is specific for β,1 → 4 glycosidic linkages, hydrolyzed the degraded polysaccharide although it had no effect on the parent hemicellulose

Structure of an acidic polysaccharide elaborated by Bacilluspolymyxa-1231-ATCC 842

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah M. Abdel-Kader ◽  
Mohamady A. Issa ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharide ◽  
Backbone Chain ◽  
Branched Structure

An extracellular acidic polysaccharide, elaborated by Bacilluspolymyxa, was composed of D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid (approximate molar ratio of 4:3:1:1). Methylation and fragmentation analysis by partial acid hydrolysis indicated that the polysaccharide had a complicated, highly branched structure, consisting mainly of β(1 → 3) and (1 → 4) D-glycosidic linkages. The backbone chain containing D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid residues is attached at the C-4, C-3, and C-4 positions, respectively, one out of every three glucose residues being substituted at the C-2 position to form two kinds of branches at the C-2 and C-4 positions, with side chains of single or a few carbohydrate units that are terminated by D-glucose and (or) D-mannose residues. Keywords: acidic polysaccharide, Bacilluspolymyxa.

scholarly journals Structural studies on colanic acid, the common exopolysaccharide found in the Enterobacteriaceae, by partial acid hydrolysis. Oligosaccharides from colanic acid

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Colanic Acid ◽  
The Common

The exopolysaccharide slime colanic acid has been isolated from representative strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Aerobacter cloacae. Analysis showed that each polymer contained glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid, together with acetate and pyruvate. The molar proportions of these components were 1:1·8:1·9:1:1:1 approximately. On the basis of periodate oxidation of the natural and deacetylated polysaccharide, glucose is proposed as the site of the acetyl groups. The pyruvate is attached to galactose. Three neutral oligosaccharides and ten electrophoretically mobile oligosaccharides were isolated and partially characterized. Four of the fragments were esters of pyruvic acid. Most oligosaccharides were isolated from all three polysaccharide preparations. Three further oligosaccharides were isolated from carboxyl-reduced colanic acid and sodium borotritide was used to label the glucose derived from glucuronic acid in these fragments. One trisaccharide was obtained from periodate-oxidized polysaccharide. On the basis of these oligosaccharides a repeating hexasaccharide unit of the following structure is proposed: [Formula: see text] The significance of this structure in colanic acid biosynthesis is discussed.

Galactomannan from the seed of Indigofera spicata

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Ford
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
End Group ◽  
Indigofera Spicata

A galactomannan, isolated in 3.2% yield from the seeds of Indigofera spicata (Leguminosae), has been shown to consist of D-galactose and D- mannose in the ratio of 1 : 1.82. End group determination by methylation showed 35.5%, in excellent agreement with the result revealed by the periodate method. Partial acid hydrolysis, indicated that the galactose was linked a to the 6-position of the mannose units. The polysaccharide would appear to contain a linear backbone of (1→4) β-D-manno-pyranose units with side-chains of α-D-galactopyranose units attached to C6 of approximately five out of every nine D-mannopyranose units.

EXOCELLULAR BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE FROM XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS NRRL B–1459: PART II. LINKAGE OF THE PYRUVIC ACID

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 2188-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Sloneker ◽  
Danute G. Orentas
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Bacterial Polysaccharide

not available

scholarly journals Effect of Partial Acid Hydrolysis on Precipitin Activity ofAspergillus fumigatusGalactomannan

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Sakaguchi ◽  
Masuko Suzuki ◽  
Katsushi Yokota
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Partial Acid Hydrolysis

A POLYSACCHARIDE FROM THE BLUE-GREEN ALGA, ANABAENA CYLINDRICA

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Bishop ◽  
G. A. Adams ◽  
E. O. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Anabaena Cylindrica ◽  
Chemical Homogeneity ◽  
Fresh Water Alga

A complex polysaccharide has been isolated from the fresh-water alga, Anabaena cylindrica, grown in a synthetic culture medium. Prolonged acid hydrolysis yielded glucose, xylose, glucuronic acid, galactose, rhamnose, and arabinose in a molar ratio of 5: 4: 4: 1: 1: 1. Chemical fractionations of the polysaccharide material from solution in cupriethylenediamine, and of its acetate from organic solvents indicated chemical homogeneity.

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