Effect of Northwestern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification treatment units on the infection levels of Armillaria in black spruce plantations

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Wiensczyk ◽  
M.T. Dumas ◽  
R.N. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Armillaria Root Rot ◽  
Ecosystem Classification

Eight 5- to 15-year-old black spruce (Picectmariana (Mill.) BSP) plantations from each of the Northwestern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification treatment units B, C, D, E, and F were sampled for Armillaria root rot. All the plantations sampled were infected by Armillaria, with an infection rate ranging from slightly less than 1% to 32%. Some differences were observed among Northwestern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification treatment units but these differences were not statistically significant (p < 0.05). Plantations in treatment unit F had the highest average infection level (16.93%), while those in treatment unit B had the lowest (7.24%). Plantations in treatment unit F had significantly higher cumulative mortality levels than did those in treatment unit B (p < 0.05). The average ratio of infected healthy trees to infected dead trees was 3.28:1 across all treatment units. The total number and total basal area of all stumps and of all infected stumps were similar across the treatment units. Variations did exist in the ratio of conifer to hardwood stumps and reflected the differences in the species composition of the original stands. Infection levels based on trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) trap logs were not found to be a good indicator of percent infection in the trees. The use of colour and relative shoot growth was only moderately effective in identifying trees infected by Armillaria.

scholarly journals Northeastern Ontario Forest Ecosystem Classification as a tool for managing marten habitat

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Bowman ◽  
J.-F. Robitaille ◽  
W. R. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Martes Americana ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Site Type ◽  
Ecosystem Classification ◽  
Site Types ◽  
American Martens

In northeastern Ontario, the Forest Ecosystem Classification (NE-FEC) system has been used in a Habitat Suitability Matrix (NE-HSM) for forest wildlife. This paper examines whether American martens (Martes americana) responded significantly to different NE-FEC Site Types, and compares this response with suitability values in the NE-HSM. Use of Site Types by martens deviated significantly from availability; Site Type 5 (black spruce) was preferred and Site Type 7 (hardwood) was avoided. In general, the NE-HSM was consistent with field results; but it was concluded that some adjustments should be made to the suitability values for martens in the Northeastern Ontario Forest Habitat Suitability Matrix. Key words: Forest ecosystem classification, habitat suitability matrix, marten, Martes americana

Growth and yield comparisons for red pine, white spruce and black spruce plantations in northwestern Ontario

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (04) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krish Homagain ◽  
Chander Shahi ◽  
Willard Carmean ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
Colin Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Thunder Bay ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Forest Lands

Intensive forest management for wood production requires that we identify our most productive forest lands as well as the most productive and most commercially valuable tree species that should be managed on these lands. The Thunder Bay Spacing Trial established in 1950 provides growth and yield comparisons on a productive site for red pine, white spruce, and black spruce. Our analysis based on six remeasurements from 1983 to 2007 show that red pine has produced more than twice the volume of white spruce and about three times the volume of black spruce. The greater volume for red pine in comparison to the spruces is attributed to taller trees, larger average diameters and more basal area.

scholarly journals An analysis of the Modeling and Inventory Support Tool: Yield curves vary with Forest Ecosystem Classification

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Daniel Marina ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Stand Productivity ◽  
Ecosystem Classification ◽  
Definition Of

Stand-level growth and yield models are essential to assessing sustainable levels of forest harvest; such assessments are supported in Ontario by the Modeling and Inventory Support Tool (MIST), which combines updated yield estimates and predicted successional trajectories to improve yield forecasts in Ontario. Currently, forest management planning and MIST stratifies the landbase by the Standard Forest Unit (SFU), but not ecosite as defined under the Forest Ecosystem Classification (FEC) system. Here we examined variation in MIST's input and output parameters (site index, top height, and basal area) for ecosites that fall within the definition of the PW1 SFU in Central Ontario (white-pine-dominated sites). Ecosites showed significant differences in site index values and top height, but not basal area, results indicating systematic differences in productivity among ecosites within the SFU. These results show that fine-scale variation in edaphic factors, as indicated by ecosite information, correspond to differences in stand productivity, and suggest the importance of a more harmonized approach between yield modeling, SFUs, and the FEC system in Ontario.

scholarly journals The Difficulty of Predicting Eastern Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe in Lowland Black Spruce: Model Benchmarking in Northern Minnesota, USA

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Ella R. Gray ◽  
Matthew B. Russell ◽  
Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione
Keyword(s):  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Model Interpretation

Insects, fungi, and diseases play an important role in forest stand development and subsequently, forest management decisions and treatments. As these disturbance agents commonly occur within and across landscapes, modeling has often been used to inform forest planning and management decisions. However, models are rarely benchmarked, leaving questions about their utility. Here, we assessed the predictive performance of a Bayesian hierarchical model through on–the-ground sampling to explore what features of stand structure or composition may be important factors related to eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium pusillum Peck) presence in lowland black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B. S. P.). Twenty-five state-owned stands included in the predictive model were sampled during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Within each stand, data related to the presence of eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe, stand structure, and species composition were collected. The model accurately predicted eastern spruce dwarf mistletoe occurrence for 13 of the 25 stands. The amount of living and dead black spruce basal area differed significantly based on model prediction and observed infestation, but trees per hectare, total living basal area, diameter at breast height, stand age, and species richness were not significantly different. Our results highlight the benefits of model benchmarking to improve model interpretation as well as to inform our understanding of forest health problems across diverse stand conditions.

Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario: Seedbed relationships

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Fleming ◽  
D. S. Mossa
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

A series of spot seeding experiments was set out on coarse-textured upland sites in northwestern Ontario to investigate how black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedling establishment and growth could be improved by site selection and seedbed preparation. Virtually all germination occurred within the first growing season. Annual seedling mortality rates were greatest during the first year, then declined steadily and stabilized at low levels (<10%) after the third year. The highest fifth-year establishment ratios (seedlings/viable seed sown) were found on seedbeds derived from materials near the mineral soil/humus interface. On wetter sites (i.e., higher Soil Moisture Regimes) the best seedbeds occurred closer to the soil surface. Mean fifth year establishment ratios for the best seedbeds were 0.032 on moderately fresh to fresh sites, 0.146 on very fresh to moderately moist sites, and 0.082 on moist to very moist sites. On adjacent lowland sites, slow-growing, compact Sphagnum mosses had a mean establishment ratio of 0.179. Mean fifth-year seedling heights on upland sites ranged from 12 to 14 cm, and were not strongly correlated with site or seedbed type. Key words: direct seeding, black spruce, seedbed, seedling establishment, site type and germination

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