site quality
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2022 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 119910
Author(s):  
Jimena E. Chaves ◽  
María V. Lencinas ◽  
Juan M. Cellini ◽  
Pablo L. Peri ◽  
Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur

Author(s):  
Uttam Thangjam ◽  
Pentile Thong ◽  
Uttam Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Jitendra Ahirwal ◽  
B. Malsawmkima ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 932 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
V A Jay ◽  
M Neumann

Abstract Site productivity, or site quality, describes the potential biomass growth and yield of vegetation at a given location. Land managers have devised indices for site productivity using attributes related to plant yields or growth rates, and these have great utility when available spatially in maps. The main factors determining site productivity include climate, soil and terrain characteristics. Here we analysed four productivity indices (two based on remote sensing only, two based on modelling and algorithms using spatial datasets). The tested indices were available over a 150,000 km2 area of southeast Queensland Australia, a region dominated by Eucalyptus and Acacia species. We were interested in comparing the indices regarding underlying drivers, effects on vegetation types and the general distribution of site productivity across our study region. Our methods included histograms of spatial attribute intersection, and multivariate linear regression. Remote sensing has clear advantages in capturing current conditions, which potential productivity algorithms cannot depict. On the other hand, maps with productivity algorithms provide large-scale robust information on biomass growth/yield that is sensitive to the main drivers of plant growth (e.g. climate, soil).


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Besim Balić ◽  
Aida Ibrahimspahić ◽  
Ćemal Višnjić ◽  
Vahid Hadžiabdić

UDK: 630*52:519.233.5]:582.475(497.6) As the result of sporadic afforestation of not-grown forest land in the past, today in B&H we have significant areas of even-aged forest plants of Scots pine of different ages. Estimate of yield capabilities of habitats/sites of these stands is one of very real issues in even-aged management planning for this tree species. In order to get the clear idea on the value of yield of even-aged stands, it is necessary to conduct long-term researches on permanent experimental plots. Considering that for the results of those researches it is necessary to wait approximately for the duration of production periods for specific tree species, to gain orientation solutions of the problem we can apply short-term researches – using temporary experimental plots set in stands of different ages. Members of the Forest Management Department of Forestry Faculty in Sarajevo in a period from 1985 to 1990 gathered data on temporary experimental plots in existing even-aged forest plantations of spruce, Scots pine and black pine in order to research their growth, structural and production characteristics. Part of those data for Scots pine is used for making of this document. Objective of this research was, based on data on measurement of 77 experimental plots positioned in even-aged not-tended plantations of Scots pine Bosnia-wide, to reach relevant information on the value of wood volume depending on their age and site quality, and to create the most favourable regression model for assessment of volume of large wood value based on known values of the stand taxation elements that could be easily and quickly determined. Besides this, in this document by comparing gained results with appropriate data from other authors we have evaluated productivity of even-aged not-tended forest plantations of Scots pine in B&H.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Pu ◽  
Dolores Pérez-Marín ◽  
Norah O’Shea ◽  
Ana Garrido-Varo

Quality and safety monitoring in the dairy industry is required to ensure products meet a high-standard based on legislation and customer requirements. The need for non-destructive, low-cost and user-friendly process analytical technologies, targeted at operators (as the end-users) for routine product inspections is increasing. In recent years, the development and advances in sensing technologies have led to miniaturisation of near infrared (NIR) spectrometers to a new era. The new generation of miniaturised NIR analysers are designed as compact, small and lightweight devices with a low cost, providing a strong capability for on-site or on-farm product measurements. Applying portable and handheld NIR spectrometers in the dairy sector is increasing; however, little information is currently available on these applications and instrument performance. As a result, this review focuses on recent developments of handheld and portable NIR devices and its latest applications in the field of dairy, including chemical composition, on-site quality detection, and safety assurance (i.e., adulteration) in milk, cheese and dairy powders. Comparison of model performance between handheld and bench-top NIR spectrometers is also given. Lastly, challenges of current handheld/portable devices and future trends on implementing these devices in the dairy sector is discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2C) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Huda Hadi Jassim

Road-side dust samples were collected during August in 2020 from selected areas of, Al-Rusafa, Baghdad, Iraq. A sedimentological and mineralogical analysis of street dust was conducted. Three areas were selected to study street dusts which are Al-Baladitat, Al-Obaidi and Ziona. The laboratory analyses were done in the Department of Geology, College of Science, University of Baghdad. The heavy metal contents were determined in the roadside dust using XRF Method. It was found that the dust is of muddy texture, and is believed to be transmitted with the various storms blowing on Baghdad or by the wheels of Cars. The results of mineralogical investigation revealed that the dust samples composed of quartz, feldspar, calcite, gypsum and sedimentary rocks fragments, as light minerals and the heavy minerals were found as garnet, epidote, chlorites, pyroxene, biotite, zircon, muscovite, hornblende, tourmaline. The heavy metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) in these streets dust samples were studied and used as indicator for pollution. two o main indices are applied: contamination factor, and pollution load index. The contamination factor for Co, Zn, Pb, and Ni is classified as class 2, which indicate moderately contamination, while the contamination factor for Fe and Cu is classified as class 1, which indicate low contamination. The pollution load index values in the all of studied sites are classified as class 2 (Deterioration on site quality) indicating local pollution, as well as denote perfection with class 0 of no pollution.


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1336
Author(s):  
Andrzej Borkowski

The pine shoot beetles Tomicus piniperda L. and T. minor Hartwig are sympatric species that occur on Scots pine in two habitats. Feeding by the beetles in tree crowns causes significant losses in tree growth and disturbs the crown’s proper development. A review of the subject literature showed that there had been no previous studies of interspecific competition in stands with different degrees of crown damage. The aim of this work was to assess the resource partitioning of stems by the two species in stands with damaged and undamaged crowns. Data were collected in the years 1992–2008 in stands containing Scots pine located at different distances from timber yards. A total of 259 natural traps were laid, and measurements of height and diameter at breast height were made for 900 pines. The surface area of each stem was divided into 20 equal sections by making a division lengthwise (into units) and laterally (into an upper and lower part). In total, 90,501 egg galleries of pine shoot beetles were counted on 9560 stem sections. Feeding by pine shoot beetles in the crowns of pines reduces site productivity and the nutritional suitability of stems. The results of niche segregation indicate pine shoot beetles exhibited spatial specialization in the use of resources. prefers the thicker part of the stem, and T. minor the thinner part. The population of T. piniperda on the trap logs was described using a multiple linear regression model with three explanatory variables. As a result of regression modelling, from the set of variables representing characteristics of habitats, trees and trap logs and the parameters of infestation, the following explanatory variables were selected: range of colonisation of a trap log (rc), site quality class (sqc), and crown undamaged (cu). The explanatory variables included in the MLRM model explain to a significant degree (p < 0.05) the niche breadth of T. piniperda on trap logs. In all validated plots, the mean real and model values for the niche of T. piniperda on the trap logs are similar (p > 0.5), confirming the high accuracy of the developed model.


FLORESTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Mário Dobner Jr.

Plantation forestry in southern Brazil demands additional timber species to a higher market differentiation by providing high quality timber and exploitation of market niches. Cupressus lusitanica has long been recognized for this purpose but, until now, it was not properly region-wide quantified in terms of growth and yield. The present study delivers the lacking quantitative approach, which may encourage the commercial use of the species. With this study it was aimed at collecting and processing quantitative data from all known C. lusitanica stands in southern Brazil. Inventories were carried out (60 ha, 6-39 years of age) in order to model the development of dominant height (h100), basal area, volume and dominant diameter (d100). Dominant height was the basis for site quality evaluation, delivering site index curves, which, together with the commercial volume of the stands, allowed yield modelling. A wide amplitude of dominant height growth was detected (10-30 m at 20 years), indicating a great site quality variation. At age of 20 years, commercial volumes of 110 and 620 m³ ha-1 were observed for site indexes of 14 and 26, respectively, equivalent to a maximum of 6-31 m³ ha-1 year-1 at ages between 16-18 years. Results demonstrated in a robust manner that C. lusitanica has a high potential for cultivation in southern Brazil. Thus, offering the opportunity of market differentiation by promoting market niches whose demands timber for special solid end-uses.


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