Observations sur deux rouilles-tumeurs du pin gris (Pinus banksiana)

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Andre Lavallee ◽  
Gerard Bard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Natural Stands

Globose gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii) was observed mostly on branches of jack pine in three young natural stands studied in Quebec; the increase in the level of infection after a three-year-period was 1.2, 2.0, and 29.8%) of the 500 trees sampled in each of the three stations. Mortality and growth reduction was observed mostly when jack pine had galls on the trunk. Cronartiumcoleosporioides var. slalactiforme produces a fusiform canker-like gall at the base of the stems; the proportion of stems newly affected was 0.8, 1.0, and 4.8%, after three years of observation according to the station; reduction of growth by this rust fungus was not evident after three years. Other observations made on damages by squirrels, winter and drought conditions, and the presence of other cankers indicated that these can hasten the degradation of jack pine trees affected by branch or stem.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

Observations on the Migration of Larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 957-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Large Clusters

In the course of studies on Neodiprion swainei Midd. carried out in 1958 and 1959 in the region of Lake St. John, Que., mass migrations of Neodiprion swainei Midd. were observed. This paper gives a brief description of this phenomenon, which has never been reported heretofore, and discusses some of its implications.On hatching from the eggs which are laid on the needles of the current growth of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., N. swainei larvae crawl to the old foliage where they feed in colonies of 40 to 70 individuals. At times, when larval populations become so great that all the foliage is destroyed, mass migration begins. The larvae gather in large clusters at the top of the tree where they remain for two or three days. At this time some of the larvae moult. The larvae then abandon the tree by crawling down the tnink or by dropping to the ground. They then creep on the ground, up and down stumps, in search of jack-pine trees with foliage. The migrating larvae are pale yellow in colonr, probably as a result of their starved condition, and large nutnbers perish before they can become established on proper food. Those that manage to reach new food supplies quickly recover their original dark-green pigmentation.

Comparative Growth and Development of Planted and Natural Stands of Jack Pine

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Janas ◽  
D. G. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Natural Stands

This study compares growth yield, and stem quality differences at age 21 between plantations spaced at 2.13 × 2.13 m (2204 stems/ha) and 4.27 × 4.27 m (548 stems/ha), and a nearby natural jack pine stand of identical age (initial density of 29 800 stems/ha). Merchantable volume/ha was greatest at the 2.13 m spacing, followed by the less dense plantation and natural stand. Total volume/ha (trees > 1.3 m height) was also greatest in the 2.13 m plantation, followed by the natural stand and the 4.27 m plantation. Individual tree mean merchantable volumes decreased with increasing density. Height growth decreased with increasing density. Height 4.27 m plantation relative to the 2.13 m plantation. Stem quality of the natural stand was markedly better than in both plantations. A comparison of an older natural stand and a plantation in the same area suggests that superiority of tree form of denser natural stands will continue through to rotation. High mortality in the natural stand was largely the result of snow and ice damage which caused patchy and irregular stocking. These results imply that widely spaced plantations of unimproved jack pine will produce large individual tree sizes, but at the expense of quality. Key words: Pinus banksiana, plantations, natural stands, stem quality growth and yield, stand density, mortality, spacing, silviculture.

scholarly journals LOCOMOTIVE SMOKE DAMAGE TO JACK PINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Linzon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Wood Increment

Soot-laden smoke emanating from a railroad roundhouse suppressed the growth of jack pine trees (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) located in the immediate vicinity. A close correlation was found to exist between the annual wood increment of these trees and the numbers of steam engines serviced in the roundhouse each year.

Life cycle of Arceuthobium americanum on Pinus banksiana based on inoculations in Edmonton, Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

While lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., is one of the most damaging pests of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in western Canada, no studies have examined the life cycle of this parasite in this pathosystem. Twenty-five jack pine trees in a plantation in Edmonton, Alberta, were inoculated with seeds of A. americanum in the fall of 1998 and 1999; these inoculants were monitored until the dwarf mistletoe plants that arose completed their life cycle. Ninety-two percent of inoculated seeds overwintered on their host. Seventy percent of these seeds germinated, mostly in May. Of these germinants, 69% developed holdfasts. Sixty-eight percent of germinants that developed holdfasts infected their host and produced shoots, primarily between July and August in the second season after inoculation. Of the 56 plants that developed from the 175 inoculations, 34 were pistillate plants and 19 were staminate plants, and 3 immature plants died because the host branch died. Pistillate plants flowered significantly earlier than staminate plants (4.1 vs. 4.7 years). Most pistillate plants produced seed in the fifth year, although one plant produced seed in 4 years. Thus, A. americanum probably has a 5-year life cycle on jack pine.

scholarly journals Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Laflamme ◽  
R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
European Race ◽  
Low Incidence

In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died.

Susceptibility of Pinus contorta - Pinus banksiana complex to Endocronartium harknessii: host-pathogen interactions

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Zhihong Ye ◽  
Yasu Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Rust Susceptibility

Lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Lound.) and jack (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) pines occur sympatrically and hybridize in central and northwestern Alberta, providing opportunities for studying unique ecological and evolutionary interactions. We conducted a greenhouse inoculation experiment to investigate interactions between 40 populations of lodgepole and jack pines and their putative hybrids across this hybrid zone and two sources of the western gall rust fungus, Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka, one from lodgepole pine and the other from jack pine. Rust susceptibility and height were assessed when the seedlings were 6 months and 1 year old. Lodgepole pine and the hybrids were significantly more susceptible to the rust infection than jack pine. Jack pine grew significantly faster than the hybrids and lodgepole pine. In addition, the seedlings infected with spores from lodgepole pine grew significantly slower than those with spores from jack pine. While the overall rust scores indicated that spores from lodgepole pine was more virulent to the hosts than those from jack pine, both spore sources were better adapted to their own host species, causing significant spore source × host group interactions. However, such host specificity in the western gall rust is far from stabilized (equilibrium) because of continued gene exchanges among the two parental species and their hybrids.Key words: Pinus contorta - Pinus banksiana complex, western gall rust, natural hybridization, coevolutionary genetics.

Susceptibility of pine plantations to attack by the pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda) in southern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Morgan ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Sandy M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was first discovered in North America in 1992, and by the late 1990s it was associated with tree mortality and stand decline throughout southern Ontario. To assess whether this beetle was capable of killing vigorous trees (a primary pest) or would kill only trees already stressed (a secondary pest), we surveyed 43 sites of varying Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) composition. Specifically, our objective was to determine the relationship between tree and site characteristics and the number of stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda in southern Ontario. An abundance of recently dead and low-vigour pine trees increased susceptibility of sites to stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda. Significant negative linear relationships were detected between the number of beetle attacks and the mean height, age, diameter at breast height, basal area, canopy cover, duff depth, and radial growth increments. Pure red pine sites had significantly fewer attacks than sites of pure Scots pine and mixed jack pine, which was attributed to differences in tree vigour and forest management. Tomicus piniperda appears to be a secondary bark beetle in southern Ontario, successfully colonizing only recently dead pine trees or trees suffering from stress.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA variability among geographic isolates of western gall rust fungus in Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxi Li ◽  
Francis C Yeh ◽  
Yasu Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
East West

Geographic variability among western gall rust (WGR) fungus (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka) was studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Samples were taken from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) host at four locations in British Columbia and Alberta and from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) host at nine locations in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario. Of 90 random oligonucleotide primers screened, 9 were chosen for analysis. These nine primers consistently amplified 41 sharp and reproducible RAPDs (fragments) of the WGR fungal isolates over several independent runs. Eighteen of the 41 RAPDs were polymorphic (showing the presence of both marker and null phenotypes), of which 15 could discriminate WGR isolates of lodgepole pine hosts from jack pine ones. Of these 15 RAPDs, five were unique to isolates of lodgepole and five to jack pine. The remaining five RAPDs were significantly heterogeneous in the RAPD frequency between WGR isolates of the two host origins. The RAPD pattern of WGR isolates from lodgepole pine was uniform. However, isolates from jack pine differed significantly in the frequency of four RAPDs among locations, with an east-west trend of decreasing similarity in RAPD. Analysis of molecular variance apportioned 76.3, 14.4, and 9.3% of the total RAPD variability to differences among hosts, to differences among locations within hosts, and to differences within locations, respectively. The large differentiation between WGR fungal isolates sampled in lodgepole pine and jack pine hosts might suggest that selective pressure for host specificity in sampled populations was strong.

Long-term effects of jack pine budworm outbreaks on the growth of jack pine trees in Michigan

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1510-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E Conway ◽  
Deborah G McCullough ◽  
Larry A Leefers
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus Pinus ◽  
Upper Peninsula Of Michigan

Growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees from the Raco Plains area in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan was examined over an 18-year period (1978-1995) that included two jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) outbreaks. Specific volume increments were calculated for 84 trees grouped into three classes based on their status in 1996; 36 trees were undamaged, 24 trees had been recently top-killed, and 24 trees had been recently killed. Average growth was converted to proportion of previous years' growth for three periods: before the 1983-1985 outbreak, between the 1983-1985 and 1991-1993 outbreak, and after the onset of the 1991-1993 outbreak. Differences in growth over these periods among undamaged, recently top-killed, and recently killed trees were evaluated. Growth did not differ among the three groups before the 1983-1985 outbreak. From 1983-1990, undamaged and recently top-killed trees grew significantly more than recently killed trees. There was no difference in average growth from 1983 to 1990 between undamaged and recently top-killed trees. Growth of undamaged trees was significantly greater than growth of recently top-killed trees following the onset of defoliation from the 1991-1993 outbreak. Patterns of growth loss suggest that a history of defoliation stress from multiple budworm outbreaks was an important determinant of tree mortality.

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