Observations on the Migration of Larvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 957-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Large Clusters

In the course of studies on Neodiprion swainei Midd. carried out in 1958 and 1959 in the region of Lake St. John, Que., mass migrations of Neodiprion swainei Midd. were observed. This paper gives a brief description of this phenomenon, which has never been reported heretofore, and discusses some of its implications.On hatching from the eggs which are laid on the needles of the current growth of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., N. swainei larvae crawl to the old foliage where they feed in colonies of 40 to 70 individuals. At times, when larval populations become so great that all the foliage is destroyed, mass migration begins. The larvae gather in large clusters at the top of the tree where they remain for two or three days. At this time some of the larvae moult. The larvae then abandon the tree by crawling down the tnink or by dropping to the ground. They then creep on the ground, up and down stumps, in search of jack-pine trees with foliage. The migrating larvae are pale yellow in colonr, probably as a result of their starved condition, and large nutnbers perish before they can become established on proper food. Those that manage to reach new food supplies quickly recover their original dark-green pigmentation.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

Observations sur deux rouilles-tumeurs du pin gris (Pinus banksiana)

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Andre Lavallee ◽  
Gerard Bard
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Natural Stands

Globose gall rust (Endocronartiumharknessii) was observed mostly on branches of jack pine in three young natural stands studied in Quebec; the increase in the level of infection after a three-year-period was 1.2, 2.0, and 29.8%) of the 500 trees sampled in each of the three stations. Mortality and growth reduction was observed mostly when jack pine had galls on the trunk. Cronartiumcoleosporioides var. slalactiforme produces a fusiform canker-like gall at the base of the stems; the proportion of stems newly affected was 0.8, 1.0, and 4.8%, after three years of observation according to the station; reduction of growth by this rust fungus was not evident after three years. Other observations made on damages by squirrels, winter and drought conditions, and the presence of other cankers indicated that these can hasten the degradation of jack pine trees affected by branch or stem.

scholarly journals LOCOMOTIVE SMOKE DAMAGE TO JACK PINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Linzon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Wood Increment

Soot-laden smoke emanating from a railroad roundhouse suppressed the growth of jack pine trees (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) located in the immediate vicinity. A close correlation was found to exist between the annual wood increment of these trees and the numbers of steam engines serviced in the roundhouse each year.

Life cycle of Arceuthobium americanum on Pinus banksiana based on inoculations in Edmonton, Alberta

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

While lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., is one of the most damaging pests of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in western Canada, no studies have examined the life cycle of this parasite in this pathosystem. Twenty-five jack pine trees in a plantation in Edmonton, Alberta, were inoculated with seeds of A. americanum in the fall of 1998 and 1999; these inoculants were monitored until the dwarf mistletoe plants that arose completed their life cycle. Ninety-two percent of inoculated seeds overwintered on their host. Seventy percent of these seeds germinated, mostly in May. Of these germinants, 69% developed holdfasts. Sixty-eight percent of germinants that developed holdfasts infected their host and produced shoots, primarily between July and August in the second season after inoculation. Of the 56 plants that developed from the 175 inoculations, 34 were pistillate plants and 19 were staminate plants, and 3 immature plants died because the host branch died. Pistillate plants flowered significantly earlier than staminate plants (4.1 vs. 4.7 years). Most pistillate plants produced seed in the fifth year, although one plant produced seed in 4 years. Thus, A. americanum probably has a 5-year life cycle on jack pine.

scholarly journals Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Laflamme ◽  
R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
European Race ◽  
Low Incidence

In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died.

Susceptibility of pine plantations to attack by the pine shoot beetle (Tomicus piniperda) in southern Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2528-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E Morgan ◽  
Peter de Groot ◽  
Sandy M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees

The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was first discovered in North America in 1992, and by the late 1990s it was associated with tree mortality and stand decline throughout southern Ontario. To assess whether this beetle was capable of killing vigorous trees (a primary pest) or would kill only trees already stressed (a secondary pest), we surveyed 43 sites of varying Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) composition. Specifically, our objective was to determine the relationship between tree and site characteristics and the number of stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda in southern Ontario. An abundance of recently dead and low-vigour pine trees increased susceptibility of sites to stem and shoot attacks by T. piniperda. Significant negative linear relationships were detected between the number of beetle attacks and the mean height, age, diameter at breast height, basal area, canopy cover, duff depth, and radial growth increments. Pure red pine sites had significantly fewer attacks than sites of pure Scots pine and mixed jack pine, which was attributed to differences in tree vigour and forest management. Tomicus piniperda appears to be a secondary bark beetle in southern Ontario, successfully colonizing only recently dead pine trees or trees suffering from stress.

Long-term effects of jack pine budworm outbreaks on the growth of jack pine trees in Michigan

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1510-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley E Conway ◽  
Deborah G McCullough ◽  
Larry A Leefers
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus Pinus ◽  
Upper Peninsula Of Michigan

Growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees from the Raco Plains area in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan was examined over an 18-year period (1978-1995) that included two jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman) outbreaks. Specific volume increments were calculated for 84 trees grouped into three classes based on their status in 1996; 36 trees were undamaged, 24 trees had been recently top-killed, and 24 trees had been recently killed. Average growth was converted to proportion of previous years' growth for three periods: before the 1983-1985 outbreak, between the 1983-1985 and 1991-1993 outbreak, and after the onset of the 1991-1993 outbreak. Differences in growth over these periods among undamaged, recently top-killed, and recently killed trees were evaluated. Growth did not differ among the three groups before the 1983-1985 outbreak. From 1983-1990, undamaged and recently top-killed trees grew significantly more than recently killed trees. There was no difference in average growth from 1983 to 1990 between undamaged and recently top-killed trees. Growth of undamaged trees was significantly greater than growth of recently top-killed trees following the onset of defoliation from the 1991-1993 outbreak. Patterns of growth loss suggest that a history of defoliation stress from multiple budworm outbreaks was an important determinant of tree mortality.

scholarly journals Trade-Offs among Release Treatments in Jack Pine Plantations: Twenty-Five Year Responses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Holly D. Deighton ◽  
Frederick Wayne Bell ◽  
Nelson Thiffault ◽  
Eric B. Searle ◽  
Mathew Leitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Jack Pine Forests ◽  
Stand Yield ◽  
Forest Managers

We assessed 27 indicators of plant diversity, stand yield and individual crop tree responses 25 years post-treatment to determine long-term trade-offs among conifer release treatments in boreal and sub-boreal forests. This research addresses the lack of longer-term data needed by forest managers to implement more integrated vegetation management programs, supporting more informed decisions about release treatment choice. Four treatments (untreated control, motor-manual brushsaw, single aerial spray, and complete competition removal) were established at two jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) sites in Ontario, Canada. Our results suggest that plant diversity and productivity in boreal jack pine forests are significantly influenced by vegetation management treatments. Overall, release treatments did not cause a loss of diversity but benefitted stand-scale yield and individual crop tree growth, with maximum benefits occurring in more intensive release treatments. However, none of the treatments maximized all 27 indicators studied; thus, forest managers are faced with trade-offs when choosing treatments. Research on longer term effects, ideally through at least one rotation, is essential to fully understand outcomes of different vegetation management on forest diversity, stand yield, and individual crop tree responses.

Jack pine cone quality and cache sizes of red squirrels in southern New Brunswick, Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Setterington ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Relationships between external cone characteristics (length, width, wet and dry mass), cone quality (total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass, total number of seeds per cone, total seed mass per cone), and number of cones in caches were evaluated for caches of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) cones belonging to red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) in two plantations in southern New Brunswick. Cone length and mass were good predictors of the total number of seeds per cone and total seed mass per cone. Length accounted for a small proportion of the variance of total seed mass as a proportion of cone mass. There was no relationship between the number of seeds or total seed mass per cone and the number of cones per cache.

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