Genetic diversity in red pine: evidence for low genic heterozygosity

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fowler ◽  
R. W. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Genetically Determined

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to survey for genetically determined enzyme mobility differences among 297 megagametophytes of red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) from five widely separated geographical sources. Consistent and reproducible enzyme banding patterns were observed with five of the seven isozyme systems assayed. No variation in band mobility was observed in any of these systems. This result stands in contrast with those reported from surveys of allozyme variation in other coniferous species but is consistent with the low degree of genetic variation observed in red pine for higher levels of genetic organization. It is concluded that red pine is genetically depauperate.Possible explanations for restricted genetic diversity are discussed. The most plausible explanation suggests that red pine was at sometime, possibly during the Pleistocene, reduced to a small refugial population and has yet to reestablish equilibrium heterozygosity.

A biochemical approach towards the taxonomy of leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1803-1805
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan ◽  
G. I. McT. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Biochemical Approach

Whole specimens of starved marine leeches of two genera, were compared by means of micro starch-gel electrophoresis. Distinct electrophoretic banding patterns were observed between Malmiana scorpii and M. brunnea and Oceanobdella microstoma and O. sexoculata and corroborate previous identifications based on conventional taxonomic characteristics. The results indicate that this technique could be used for taxonomic separation of leeches at the specific and possibly at the generic level.

Assessment of allozyme variation among New Zealand populations of Gracilaria chilensis (Gracialiares, Rhodophyta) using starch-gel electrophoresis

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 260-261 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sompop Intasuwan ◽  
Margaret E. Gordon ◽  
Charles H. Daugherty ◽  
Graeme C. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gracilaria Chilensis ◽  
Starch Gel

scholarly journals Estructura genética de poblaciones de Eriocaulon bilobatum (Eriocaulaceae): una especie amenazada de humedades temporales

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Fabiola Magallán Hernández ◽  
Mahinda Martínez ◽  
Luis Hernández Sandoval ◽  
Ken Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Temporary Wetlands ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Starch Gel

<em>Eriocaulon bilobatum</em> is an aquatic species that inhabits temporary wetlands in central Mexico. It is annual, herbaceous, emergent, with sexual and asexual reproduction, monoecious and insect pollinated. It is a rare and vulnerable species due to its endangered habitats. The objectives of this study were to determine the diversity and genetic structure of <em>E. bilobatum </em> and to know if there is a correlation with genetic diversity and its ecological and life history traits. Using horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis, we screened 160 individuals from four populations. <em>E. bilobatum</em> has a higher genetic diversity (A=2.32, Ae=1.31, P=69.65, Ho=0.134, He=0.197, HT=0.221) than species with similar ecological and life history traits, moderate levels of inbreeding (FIS = 0.312) and low genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.053 y GST = 0.048). Its diversity and genetic structure are determined by the mating system and life history traits, more than by inhabiting aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Identifying Crabapple Cultivars by Isozymes

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Marquard ◽  
Charlotte R. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Polymorphic Region ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Starch Gel

Forty-five crabapple (Malus spp.) cultivars were evaluated for 16 isozyme systems by starch gel electrophoresis. Of the 16 systems evaluated, 6 were useful in separating among cultivars. Enzyme systems used to distinguish among the cultivars included alcohol dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucoisomerase, and shikimate dehydrogenase. Each enzyme system produced one well-resolved polymorphic region except for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, which produced two. Most crabapple selections could be identified when all six enzymes were evaluated. Alcohol dehydrogenase had the most diagnostic banding patterns useful for cultivar identification.

scholarly journals Identifying Olive Cultivars by Isozyme Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Trujillo ◽  
Luis Rallo ◽  
Pere Arús
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Glucose Phosphate ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Different Origins

Pollen samples of 155 olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars from different origins were analyzed to study isoenzymatic variability in five enzyme systems: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and malic enzyme (ME) using starch gel electrophoresis. Polymorphism was observed in all of the isozyme systems. ME, GPI, EST, and LAP were the most useful systems for identification of cultivars. Different combinations of banding patterns of these systems allowed us to identify 85% of the cultivars. The remainder were separated into groups of two or three cultivars that could be identified using morphological characteristics. No intracultivar polymorphisms were observed.

scholarly journals Isozymes for Cultivar Identification in Kiwifruit

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Messina ◽  
R. Testolin ◽  
M. Morgante
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison

The usefulness of isozyme banding patterns as genetic markers in kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson] was investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Fifty-four entries putatively belonging to seven female and two male kiwifruit cultivars were examined for 13 enzyme systems (AAT, ACO, GDH, G6PDH, IDH, MDH, ME, MNR, NDH, 6PGD, PGI, PGM, and SKDH). Four enzyme systems, ACO, MDH, NDH, and SKDH, showed identical banding patterns in all clones surveyed. Of the remaining enzymes, AAT, PGI, and PGM had the best discriminating power. Six enzyme systems (GDH, G6PDH, IDH, ME, MNR, and 6PGD), though showing polymorphic banding patterns, were poorly resolved. All the New Zealand cultivars were uniquely identified by the simultaneous comparison of the AAT, PGI, and PGM zymograms. Some enzyme systems were also polymorphic among plants within the same cultivar, thus proving the heterogeneity of kiwifruit material introduced into Europe in the early 1970s.

scholarly journals Identifying Pecan Cultivars by Isozymes and Inheritance of Leucine Aminopeptidase

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Marquard ◽  
Larry J. Grauke ◽  
Tommy E. Thompson ◽  
Ruth S. Janos
Keyword(s):  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Carya Illinoensis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Starch Gel

More than 170 pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars were evaluated formalate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and diaphorase (DIA). Isozymes of LAP were observed in two regions after starch gel electrophoresis. The faster region of activity (Lap-1) was polymorphic and consistently expressed in leaves, wood, and roots. Controlled crosses suggest that Lap-1 is simply inherited and controlled by at least two alleles. DIA was well resolved and storable only from leaf material and produced a complex banding pattern. The ability to differentiate among cultivars by isozymes was good. The 177 cultivars sorted into 72 classes. Forty of the cultivars (23%) possessed a unique series of isozyme patterns. Most cultivars (124 of 177) shared common banding patterns with less than four other cultivars. From the inheritance models of four isozymes, some historical pedigrees can be questioned. Most notably,' Western Schley' could not have been parented by `San Saba' based on the inheritance of Mdh-1 and Lap-1.

scholarly journals VERIFICATION OF AN INTERGENERIC HYBRID BETWEEN DESERT WILLOW AND CATALP A

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1067d-1067
Author(s):  
Robert D. Marquard ◽  
Jimmy L. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrid ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Chilopsis Linearis ◽  
Rna Genes

Desert willow (Chilopsis linearis) is native to the arid southwestern U.S. and is used as a landscape shrub. Catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides) is a small tree common in the southern U.S. that is used as a landscape plant. Both species have showy flowers and are members of the Bignoniaceae family. Controlled crosses were made using pollen from a single catalpa tree and desert willow stigmas of the cv. `Marfa Lace'. Fruit developed normally and seven seedlings were produced that had leaf morphology intermediate between the parents. From starch gel electrophoresis, putative hybrids had isozyme banding patterns consistent with hybridization between the parent species. A second biochemical verification is being conducted using probes for ribosomal RNA genes.

Changes in the genetic diversity of barley of Nordic and Baltic origin, studied by isozyme electrophoresis

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Kolodinska Brantestam ◽  
Roland von Bothmer ◽  
Isaak Rashal ◽  
Jens Weibull
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractIn this study an evaluation was made of changes in the genetic variation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Nordic and Baltic origin, from the end of the 19th century until today. A comparison of Nordic and Baltic material with exotic material that has not been subjected to intense selection was also made. A total of 293 accessions, including 160 Nordic and 80 Baltic landraces, cultivars and breeding lines, and another 53 landraces of exotic origin (Central Asia), were surveyed using isozyme starch gel electrophoresis. For the four isozymes studied, 28 alleles at 11 loci were observed. The average total genetic diversity value (HT) for individual loci ranged between 0 and 0.519. In the exotic material nine loci were polymorphic and two monomorphic, compared to seven polymorphic and four monomorphic loci in the Nordic and Baltic material. Some of the rare alleles were detected only in the exotic material. The studied isozyme loci of Nordic and Baltic material indicated that modern cultivars have a lower average genetic diversity value compared to the landraces, old and exotic material.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Phosphoglucomutase and Menadione Reductase Isozymes in Guayule (Parthenium argentatum)

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
A. Hashemi ◽  
A. Estilai
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Parthenium Argentatum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Starch Gel

Leaf extracts of diploid guayule were analyzed for phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1) and menadione reductase (MNR, EC 1.6.99.2) isozymes by starch gel electrophoresis. Banding patterns of hybrids indicated that PGM is monomeric and MNR tetrameric in structure. Two codominant alleles were identified at each of two Pgm loci, designated as Pgm-2 and Pgm-3. Two codominant alleles were observed at Mnr-2; MNR-1 was monomorphic in the Parthenium argentatum genotypes analyzed.

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