Near-normal, empirical, and identity yield tables for estimating stand growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolfe A. Leary
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Initial Relative Density ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Yield Table ◽  
Identity Based

Historically, forest growth was estimated using a normal or near-normal yield table as a density standard, and a relative density change equation to estimate approach to the standard. Although normal yield tables have come under intense criticism, critics have generally ignored the relative density change equation. If a yield table captures the "true" relations between volume, age, and site for a species, the relative density change equation can be a simple function of initial relative density and age. If a yield table does not capture the true relations between volume, site, and age, the inadequacy can be overcome by developing more complex relative density change equations, i.e., by transferring representation burden to the change equation. Introduced in the present paper is the concept of an identity yield table (all entries are one), wherein the entire burden of representing the relations between volume, site, and age is transferred from a density standard to a relative density change equation. Modern whole stand (net) growth models are equivalent to historical relative density change equations based on identity yield tables. The conjecture of a continuum of methods to estimate growth from near-normal to empirical to identity yield tables, each with an appropriate relative density change equation, and each equally accurate, is tested on Wisconsin jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.). The empirical yield table and its relative density change equation were more biased than near-normal and identity-based projection systems.

Test of the TRIM inventory projection methods on Wisconsin jack pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolfe A. Leary ◽  
W. Brad Smith
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Projection Methods ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Yield Table ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Annual Volume

Reported is a test of the methodology underlying the trim projection system being used in the Resources Planning Act timber assessment. Nine combinations of density standards and relative density change equations were used to estimate annual volume growth of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.). Annual volume growth data from remeasured USDA Forest Service inventory plots in two northern Wisconsin survey units and from industrial continuous forest inventory plots were used to evaluate the combinations. The yield table of Gevorkiantz and Duerr for well-stocked jack pine stands combined with a Riccati relative density change equation gave unbiased estimates of annual volume growth on both an absolute and percent error basis. We conclude that the concepts underlying the TRIM methodology are sound. However, for jack pine in northern Wisconsin only well-stocked or normal yield tables as the density standard and locally calibrated relative density change equations provide unbiased estimates of growth. A jack pine empirical yield table combined with the form of the relative density change equation used in the southern timber supply study underestimated growth by 45.4% (1.39 m3/(ha•year)). An empirical yield table enhanced with the STEMS projection system as a density standard used without a relative density change equation underestimated growth by 65.6% (1.67 m3/(ha•year)). Thus, inappropriate combinations of density standards and relative density change equations may lead to large errors in growth estimates.

scholarly journals Predicting Quaking Aspen Stand Dynamics in Minnesota

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Rolfe A. Leary ◽  
Gary J. Brand ◽  
Donald A. Perala
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Yield Table

Abstract This paper presents equations for predicting future basal area, number of trees, and total cubic-foot volume of aspen stands in Minnesota. The modeling methodology uses a fully-stocked yield table for quaking aspen as a density standard. A relative density change equation based on observed growth from permanent plots provides the basis for predicting the future relative density and therefore the future basal area, number of trees, and volume. The equations are easy to apply and require only site index, age, and beginning basal area, number of trees, and volume. North. J. Appl. For. 10(1):20-27.

scholarly journals Modelling the Sustainability of Forest Production and Yield for a Changing and Uncertain Future

1990 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Ecosystem Level

The expected growth of the human population to about 11 billion sometime within the next rotation of most northern temperate forest crops will put greatly increased and varied demands on today's forested lands. Development of the timber resources on those lands that remain dedicated to timber production must be demonstrably sustainable if forest management is to help arrest rather than aggravate the continuing deterioration of the global environment, and if managed forests are to be a carbon sink rather than a carbon source with respect to the global "green-house effect". Unfortunately, the experience-based models traditionally used by foresters cannot make accurate predictions of future forest growth, yield, and carbon balance for the altered growing conditions that are expected to accompany this increase in human numbers. These tools are therefore unsuitable as a means of assessing the sustainability of site productivity under current or anticipated future forest management practices and the expected future soil, climate, and biotic conditions. It is time for foresters around the world to confront this issue and to develop and use more ecologically-sensitive, ecosystem-level stand growth and yield models.Knowledge-based, process-simulation stand growth models have many theoretical advantages, and are the only way of predicting future forest growth and carbon budgets on a particular site in the absence of accurate data on the past growth of forests on that site. However, such models have generally had significant practical limitations as an alternative to traditional forest yield models. They have either been too simple, or, if sufficiently complex, have had unacceptably large calibration data requirements, which has limited their portability. This has restricted most process-based simulation models to research and educational applications.An alternative approach which combines both the experience-based and the knowledge-based approaches offers a more practical alternative. The combination of "historical bioassay" and process-based modelling approaches into "hybrid simulation" stand models can provide a means by which to rank the most probable outcomes and the sustainability of alternative stand-level management strategies under a variety of possible future growing conditions.The accuracy of most forest management and forest economics models ultimately depends on the accuracy of stand-level growth models. As the world experiences increasing problems of air pollution (acid rain and the greenhouse effect), soil degradation, and deforestation, there is an urgent need for foresters to use ecosystem-level growth models that are sensitive to human-induced and naturally caused environmental changes. Use of such models is a necessary prerequisite to good stewardship of forest land and our legacy to future generations.

The Interlinked Mechanisms of Productivity for Developing Process‐Based Forest Growth Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Keshav Tyagi ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sweta Nisha Phukon ◽  
Abhishek Ranjan ◽  
Pavan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Growth Models

scholarly journals Computer Corner: Forester's Yield Curve Designer Software

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. MacLean ◽  
Kevin B. Porter ◽  
Jeff Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Yield Curve ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Permanent Sample Plot ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract The Forester's Yield Curve Designer(FYCD) software is aimed at helping forest management planners and field foresters in the development and validation of timber volume yield curves. It uses a mouse-driven graphical user interface that facilitates the import and display of results from stand growth models, the comparison of potential curves with permanent sample plot data, and the creation of new curves by drawing, adjusting, and combining curves. FYCD addresses the problem of getting management plan volume yield curve information out to field foresters for validation against available data and experience, and facilitating feedback from the forester to the planner. FYCD also increases the usability of valuable data from permanent and temporary sample plots by allowing easy access and display. This paper describes the primary functionality of FYCD, the data formats used, and how to obtain this free software from the Canadian Forest Service. North. J. Appl. For. 15(1):23-27.

scholarly journals Effects of Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium americanum, on Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Growth in Manitoba

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Epp ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Arceuthobium Americanum ◽  
Pine Trees

The Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is an important pathogen of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). Dwarf Mistletoe alters tree form, suppresses growth, and reduces volume and overall wood quality of its host. Stem analysis and a 3-parameter logistic regression model were used to compare the growth of heavily and lightly to non infected Jack Pine trees. At the time of sampling, no significant reduction in diameter at breast height and basal area were observed in heavily infected trees. However, a significant reduction in height and volume and an increase in taper were observed in heavily infected trees. Growth models predicted a 21.1% lower basal area, 23.4% lower height and 42.1% lower volume by age 60 for the high infection group.

scholarly journals Representation of species mixing in forest growth models. A review and perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 276-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Pretzsch ◽  
David I. Forrester ◽  
Thomas Rötzer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Growth Models

Ten-year growth results of nitrogen source and interprovincial experiments on jack pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
R. M. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
N Fertilizer Efficiency

Sample plots in a 45-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand in Quebec were fertilized with urea, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate in single applications of 112 or 448 kg N/ha. There were no significant differences in periodic volume response owing to the form of N added; applications of 112 kg N/ha gave temporary increases in stand growth which lasted 4–5 years, while applications of 448 kg N/ha produced responses lasting 7–8 years. In an experiment of the standardized interprovincial series no significant differences in periodic volume response were found although there was an indication of increased response to the addition of P with N. Fertilizer efficiency was examined for single and repeated applications on the site. The most efficient fertilizer use was with repeated light applications of 56 kg N/ha, requiring 8 kg N for every cubic metre per hectare produced.

A growth model based on the self-thinning rule

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Smith ◽  
D. W. Hann
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Dynamic Component ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Crown Closure

A two-staged stand growth model is developed to describe the relationship between biomass or volume and numbers of stems in even-aged, monospecific plant populations undergoing self-thinning. The model is tested on red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) seedlings and red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) stands grown over a range of site qualities and initial spacings. First, survival rate is modelled as a Weibull distribution. This is then fit to an analytical size–density model to give growth estimates. Crown closure is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.09 for red alder, while initial mortality is estimated to occur at a relative density of 0.12 for red pine. Net stand growth rates peaked at a relative density of 0.54 for red alder biomass and from relative densities from 0.40 (widest initial spacing) to 0.55 (densest initial spacing) for red pine total stem volume. Site quality merely shifted the magnitude of these relationships. The model adds a dynamic component to the self-thinning rule and also generalizes and extends the rule to stand development between crown closure and the self-thinning asymptote.

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