Test of the TRIM inventory projection methods on Wisconsin jack pine

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 774-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolfe A. Leary ◽  
W. Brad Smith
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Projection Methods ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Projection System ◽  
Yield Table ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
Annual Volume

Reported is a test of the methodology underlying the trim projection system being used in the Resources Planning Act timber assessment. Nine combinations of density standards and relative density change equations were used to estimate annual volume growth of jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.). Annual volume growth data from remeasured USDA Forest Service inventory plots in two northern Wisconsin survey units and from industrial continuous forest inventory plots were used to evaluate the combinations. The yield table of Gevorkiantz and Duerr for well-stocked jack pine stands combined with a Riccati relative density change equation gave unbiased estimates of annual volume growth on both an absolute and percent error basis. We conclude that the concepts underlying the TRIM methodology are sound. However, for jack pine in northern Wisconsin only well-stocked or normal yield tables as the density standard and locally calibrated relative density change equations provide unbiased estimates of growth. A jack pine empirical yield table combined with the form of the relative density change equation used in the southern timber supply study underestimated growth by 45.4% (1.39 m3/(ha•year)). An empirical yield table enhanced with the STEMS projection system as a density standard used without a relative density change equation underestimated growth by 65.6% (1.67 m3/(ha•year)). Thus, inappropriate combinations of density standards and relative density change equations may lead to large errors in growth estimates.

Near-normal, empirical, and identity yield tables for estimating stand growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolfe A. Leary
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Simple Function ◽  
Initial Relative Density ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Yield Table ◽  
Identity Based

Historically, forest growth was estimated using a normal or near-normal yield table as a density standard, and a relative density change equation to estimate approach to the standard. Although normal yield tables have come under intense criticism, critics have generally ignored the relative density change equation. If a yield table captures the "true" relations between volume, age, and site for a species, the relative density change equation can be a simple function of initial relative density and age. If a yield table does not capture the true relations between volume, site, and age, the inadequacy can be overcome by developing more complex relative density change equations, i.e., by transferring representation burden to the change equation. Introduced in the present paper is the concept of an identity yield table (all entries are one), wherein the entire burden of representing the relations between volume, site, and age is transferred from a density standard to a relative density change equation. Modern whole stand (net) growth models are equivalent to historical relative density change equations based on identity yield tables. The conjecture of a continuum of methods to estimate growth from near-normal to empirical to identity yield tables, each with an appropriate relative density change equation, and each equally accurate, is tested on Wisconsin jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.). The empirical yield table and its relative density change equation were more biased than near-normal and identity-based projection systems.

scholarly journals Predicting Quaking Aspen Stand Dynamics in Minnesota

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Rolfe A. Leary ◽  
Gary J. Brand ◽  
Donald A. Perala
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Stand Dynamics ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
The Future ◽  
Yield Table

Abstract This paper presents equations for predicting future basal area, number of trees, and total cubic-foot volume of aspen stands in Minnesota. The modeling methodology uses a fully-stocked yield table for quaking aspen as a density standard. A relative density change equation based on observed growth from permanent plots provides the basis for predicting the future relative density and therefore the future basal area, number of trees, and volume. The equations are easy to apply and require only site index, age, and beginning basal area, number of trees, and volume. North. J. Appl. For. 10(1):20-27.

scholarly journals Estimating the aboveground carbon sequestration and its economic value (case study: Iranian Caspian forests)

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadi Zohreh ◽  
Limaei Soleiman Mohammadi ◽  
Lohmander Peter ◽  
Olsson Leif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Aboveground Carbon ◽  
The North ◽  
Annual Volume

The aim of the study is to estimate the aboveground carbon sequestration and to determine the economic value of forests in carbon sequestration as a way of mitigating climate change. This research was conducted at Asalem forests in the north of Iran. In order to estimate the amount of annual carbon sequestration, the annual volume growth of stand was determined using the diameter increment data and tariff. The amount of carbon sequestration was estimated based on wood density and using the allometric equation. The carbon model was obtained for each species. The value of sequestrated carbon in stumpage and the net present value of carbon sequestration were determined in order to estimate the economic value of carbon sequestration. Results indicated that the annual volume growth per hectare and the carbon stored are 6.023 m<sup>3</sup>·yr<sup>–1</sup> and 2.307 t·ha<sup>–1</sup>, respectively. Finally, the carbon sequestration value of stumpage and the net present value of carbon sequestration are 11,023.753 and 790.361 (10,000 IRR·t<sup>–1</sup>·ha<sup>–1</sup>), respectively. Our results are very useful in estimating the total economic value of Asalem forests and other Iranian Caspian forests in the future.

Thinned Loblolly Pine Stand Growth Improved by Early Hardwood Suppression

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Terry R. Clason
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract A hardwood suppression treatment applied to a 7-year-old, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation enhanced projected productivity through a 35-year rotation that included three commercial thinnings. By age 22, growth data showed that hardwood removal treatments had larger pines and smaller hardwoods than check treatments. Fifteen-year pine basal area and merchantable volume growth on hardwood removal plots exceeded the check plots by 25 and 27%. Projected growth between ages 22 and 35 indicated that 28 years after early hardwood removal thinned plantation merchantable volume yields improved by 840 ft³ per acre. South. J. Appl. For. 15(1):22-27.

A Sustained-Yield Scheme for Old-Growth Douglas-fir

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Newton ◽  
Elizebeth C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Rotation Culture ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Sustained Yield

Abstract From analysis of two Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) stands, 120 and 140 years old, we conclude that managed stands can meet established criteria for old-growth Douglas-fir and simultaneously produce near-maximum yields of good-quality timber. With the management approach outlined here, average annual volume growth may approach that of shorter-rotation culture, but in logs of a size and quality normally found only in older stands, and with minimal impact on high-risk watersheds or old-growth habitat. This possibility encourages development of silvicultural systems that can achieve such goals in a variety of timber types. West. J. Appl. For. 2:22-25, Jan. 1987.

Breast-height relative density and radial growth in mature jack pine (Pinusbanksiana) for 38 years after thinning

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Barbour ◽  
David C.F. Fayle ◽  
Gilles Chauret ◽  
Jean Cook ◽  
Marianne B. Karsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Average Spacing ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Rotation Age

Sawlogs are in short supply in northern Ontario, and thinning has been suggested as one way to improve the situation. The only rotation-age jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) thinning trial in the region was examined to assess how commercial thinning influenced wood quality. This report covers an unreplicated trial of a 65-year chronology of pith to bark relative densities and growth rates based on X-ray densitometry of breast-height increment cores taken from trees on two thinned plots (average spacing 2.6 and 3.4 m) and an unthinned control (average spacing 1.7 m). The trees on the treatment plots responded to thinning by producing wood with significantly lower relative density than those on the control plot. This trend continued much longer than reported for other pines and could negatively affect pulp yield or mechanical properties of lumber. Enhanced earlywood growth caused a drop in the proportion of latewood that resulted in the decline in density. Thinning may have improved moisture availability during the early and middle season and encouraged earlywood growth. Density and growth rate differences became apparent soon after treatment. Early, rapid, and inexpensive estimates of the product potential of younger thinning trials are possible using the techniques demonstrated here.

A 10-year tree and stand response of jack pine to urea fertilization and low thinning

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Groot ◽  
Kenneth M. Brown ◽  
Ian K. Morrison ◽  
J. E. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Stand Thinning ◽  
Urea Fertilization

This study examined the 10-year effects of a light (20% basal area removed) low thinning and urea fertilization (336 kg N/ha) on a 45-year-old Pinusbanksiana Lamb. stand. Thinning had no effect other than salvaging potential mortality, while fertilization resulted in an average annual gross volume growth response of about 2 m3 ha−1 year−1. Volume growth response to fertilization was greatest in the largest diameter trees, and continued until 10 years after treatment. Growth response did not begin until the second growing season after treatment. There were indications that fertilization had positive effects on form factor.

Accroissement en volume de l'épinette noire: précision de sa détermination

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
Richard Zarnovican
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Local Volume ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
Volume Equation

The relationship between volume growth rate and diameter growth rate (diameter at breast height) was studied from growth data established by stem analysis for dominant black spruce trees (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) of a black spruce – feather moss stand. The results indicate a very close relationship between the two variables, and a linear model was chosen to predict volume growth rate. Independent model validation, based upon analysis of residual errors, indicates a small positive bias (0.006%) with a relatively good precision (±9.9%) and a χ2 test anticipated accuracy of ±0.71% at the 0.05 probability level. The annual volume increment calculated with the prediction model and with the local volume equation for validation data was more precise (bias = −0.02 dm3/year, precision = ±11.8%) than the volume increment calculated with this model and the general volume equation (bias = −0.39 dm3/year, precision = ±26.4%). Finally, the χ2 test showed that the anticipated accuracy of the annual volume increment was ±0.54 dm3/year at the 0.05 probability level for the prediction model and the local volume equation, and ±0.90 dm3/year for the prediction model and the general volume equation for validation data.

scholarly journals Twenty-five years' growth in a young red pine stand

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Newnham
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Site Class ◽  
Growth Site ◽  
Natural Stand ◽  
Class 1

Growth data are presented by 5-year intervals from age 20 to 45 years for a natural stand of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in eastern Ontario. At age 45 years, the top height (100 largest trees/ha) was 21.3 m and the volume 448 m3/ha, with little evidence of any decline in either height or volume growth. Site index was approximately 24 m (at age 50 years) which is considerably superior to Plonski's site class 1 (Plonski 1974). Growth appears to be comparable to that of unmanaged plantations growing on the best sites on the Petawawa Research Forest. Height-diameter regressions are calculated for each plot measurement and compared with a combined regression for all plot measurements. The Weibull function was used to fit diameter distributions.

Pascal's recurrence relation and even-aged-forest stand dynamics

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1996-1999
Author(s):  
Rolfe A. Leary ◽  
Hien Phan ◽  
Kevin Nimerfro
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Integral Form ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Stand Dynamics

A common method of modelling forest stand dynamics is to use permanent growth plot remeasurements to calibrate a whole-stand growth model expressed as an ordinary differential equation. To obtain an estimate of future conditions, either the differential equation is integrated numerically or, if analytic, the differential equation is solved in closed form. In the latter case, a future condition is obtained simply by evaluating the integral form for the age of interest, subject to appropriate initial conditions. An older method of modelling forest stand dynamics was to use a normal or near-normal yield table as a density standard and calibrate a relative density change equation from permanent plot remeasurements. An estimate of a future stand property could be obtained by iterating from a known initial relative density. In this paper we show that when the relative density change equation has a particular form, the historical method also has a closed form solution, given by a sequence of polynomials with coefficients from successive rows of Pascal's arithmetic triangle.

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