Ten-year growth results of nitrogen source and interprovincial experiments on jack pine

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
R. M. Fournier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
N Fertilizer Efficiency

Sample plots in a 45-year-old jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand in Quebec were fertilized with urea, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate in single applications of 112 or 448 kg N/ha. There were no significant differences in periodic volume response owing to the form of N added; applications of 112 kg N/ha gave temporary increases in stand growth which lasted 4–5 years, while applications of 448 kg N/ha produced responses lasting 7–8 years. In an experiment of the standardized interprovincial series no significant differences in periodic volume response were found although there was an indication of increased response to the addition of P with N. Fertilizer efficiency was examined for single and repeated applications on the site. The most efficient fertilizer use was with repeated light applications of 56 kg N/ha, requiring 8 kg N for every cubic metre per hectare produced.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana). I. Cheminement des engrais dans le sol

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Coated Urea

Six nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate) were individually applied, either in fall or in spring, at a rate of 224 kg N/ha and compared for nitrogen retention in the different horizons of a podzol under jack pine. Despite its susceptibility to nitrogen losses through ammonia volatilization, urea was by far, among readily available nitrogen fertilizers, the one whose nitrogen is best retained in soil surface horizons. Retention varied with weather conditions that prevailed immediately after fertilizer application. With the other fertilizers used, nitrogen retention followed this order: ammonium sulfate > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate. After four seasons, about 50% of the nitrogen applied as sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde was still found in its original form. Ammonium sulfate is next to urea among the recommended nitrogen sources for similar jack pine sites, considering that fertilizers with nitrate are prone to leaching and the sulfur-coated urea and urea-formaldehyde used presented problems of nitrogen availability.

Effects of Different Foliar-applied Nitrogen Fertilizers on Balsam Woolly Aphid

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roderick Carrow ◽  
Robert E. Betts
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Woolly Aphid ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Induced Changes

Balsam woolly aphids were reared on young grand fir trees maintained in controlled environment or outdoors. Solutions of various nitrogen fertilizers were applied repeatedly to the trees and the effects on aphids and bark amino acids were studied. On trees fertilized with ammonium nitrate or a sequence of compounds, aphid population growth was less than on trees fertilized with urea or potassium ammonium nitrate. On urea-fertilized trees, populations multiplied 16.5 times in five generations, compared with a 5.7-fold increase on unfertilized trees and a 1.4-fold increase on ammonium nitrate-fertilized trees. These differences resulted from effects of these nutrients on aphid life history. Urea promoted aphid establishment and reproduction, whereas ammonium nitrate affected these processes, as well as survival, adversely. The highest establishment and survival rates resulted from potassium ammonium nitrate.These differences may be related to fertilizer-induced changes in the amino acid diet of the aphid. Thin layer electrophoresis and chromatography revealed that urea, ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate each increased arginine concentrations in the bark, the highest levels resulting from ammonium nitrate. Traces of phenylalanine and asparagine, found in other treatments, were absent from trees fertilized with ammonium nitrate during June.

Jack Pine Nitrogen Fertilization and Nutrition Studies: Three Year Results

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Weetman ◽  
D. Algar
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Optimum Nutrition

The response of a 40-year-old even-aged jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stand to nitrogen fertilization was studied in four experiments.Smothering of the ericaceous ground vegetation layer with straw led to increased tree growth rates and improved N uptake. The application of calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and urea at 112 and 448 kg N/ha was followed by analysis of the composition of extractable humus N, together with foliar and increment analyses. After a 3-year response period, there was evidence for the superiority of the ammonium nitrate form of N fertilizer over urea. The applications of urea appear to have been associated with possible N volatilization losses, and also inadequate urease activity in the thin dry humus layer which led to delayed N uptake by the trees. Calcium nitrate, although not an efficient fertilizer, was associated with appreciable growth responses, even though increased foliar and extractable humus N concentrations were not maintained.An optimum nutrition experiment utilizing repeated fertilization indicated that sustained foliar nutrient regimes can be maintained.The study indicated that growth increases were associated with increased unit needle weights as well as increased foliar N concentrations. A graphical technique which analyzes treatment responses, unit needle weight, and nutrient concentration, was used to screen response data, without waiting the customary 5-year period for stem increment response.

Use of NBPT and ammonium thiosulphate as urease inhibitors with varying surface placement of urea and urea ammonium nitrate in production of hard red spring wheat under reduced tillage management

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Urease Inhibitors ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Grant, C. A. 2014. Use of NBPT and ammonium thiosulphate as urease inhibitors with varying surface placement of urea and urea ammonium nitrate in production of hard red spring wheat under reduced tillage management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 329–335. Field studies were conducted at two locations over 3 yr to evaluate the effect of surface placement of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) and urea fertilizers, with and without the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on straw and grain yield of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under reduced tillage management. Ammonium thiosulphate (ATS) was also evaluated as a urease inhibitor with UAN. Surface sprayed applications of UAN were frequently less effective than dribble-banded UAN applications or broadcast or dribble-banded urea in increasing grain or straw yield of hard red spring wheat. Use of NBPT with the sprayed UAN increased its effectiveness, so that grain and straw yields were similar to those with urea or with surface dribble-banded UAN. Addition of NBPT to broadcast or banded urea did not increase straw or grain yield under the conditions of this study. While there was some indication that use of ATS with UAN may have had a limited effect on fertilizer efficiency, it did not increase final grain yield as compared with dribble-banded or spray UAN applied alone or with NBPT. If surface nitrogen (N) applications are used in reduced tillage systems, spray applications of UAN should be avoided in favour of dribble-band applications, or the use of urea. Alternately, NBPT may be effective in improving the efficacy of spray UAN.

Fertilisation azotée en forêt de pin gris (Pinusbanksiana) II. Variations de la masse foliaire et des éléments nutritifs du feuillage de pin gris et de quelques espèces du sous-bois

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Camiré ◽  
B. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

Fall or spring applications of six different nitrogen fertilizers (urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea-formaldehyde, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and calcium nitrate) at a rate of 224 kg N/ha in an 18-year-old jack pine stand induced a very rapid increase of nitrogen concentration in current year and 1-year-old needles, as well as in weight of current year needles. In the latter, nitrogen content (concentration × weight) increased more than 100% the 1st year following fertilization in the ammonium sulfate and the ammonium nitrate treatments applied in spring. Response did not last more than 2 years. Foliar analysis of other elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn) revealed a reduction of P concentration in the needles sampled the first fall after treatment together with a reduction of Ca and Mn in the current foliage of the second and third seasons after treatment. Changes in nitrogen concentration in Kalmiaangustifolia L. and particularly in Solidagopuberula Nutt. were in good correlation with those observed in jack pine needles.

scholarly journals Use of active microorganisms of the Pseudomonas genus during cultivation of maize in field conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holečková Zlata ◽  
Kulhánek Martin ◽  
Hakl Josef ◽  
Balík Jiří
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

The aim of this research is to estimate the influence of a bioeffector (BE) application on dry matter yield and nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg, S) in maize (Zea mays L.). Between 2014 and 2016, a field experiment with silage maize as a testing plant was realized on sandy loam Cambisol. The application of Pseudomonas sp. in combination with phosphorus (rock phosphate (RP) or triple superphosphate (TSP)) and nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate with urea, ammonium nitrate with limestone, calcium nitrate or ammonium sulfate with a nitrification inhibitor) and with different application strategies was studied. The effects of a bioeffector application on the increase of dry matter yields were not confirmed. An important influence on the BE application and its activity was probably those of soil and site conditions and competition of the researched microorganisms with other present microorganisms. Higher yields of dry matter were shown in treatments where P fertilizers were applied. There was almost no difference between the application of RP and TSP. This could be caused by the fact that the soil had a slightly acidic pH value. In this case, the RP showed similar results to the TSP. The application of bioeffector significantly increased Mg, K and S contents in maize above-ground biomass. An increase of the Ca content was almost significant and a tendency towards a higher average content of phosphorus was also recorded.

scholarly journals Response of Chinese Cabbage to Nitrogen Rate and Source in Sequential Plantings

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Vavrina ◽  
Thomas A. Obreza ◽  
John Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
N Source ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate Solution ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

`Tropical Quick' Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L., Pekinensis Group) was planted three times at 2-week intervals in Spring 1991 (direct-seeded) and two times in Fall 1991 (transplanted) in double rows on polyethylene-mulched beds to evaluate N source and rates. Calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea, urea-ammonium nitrate solution (Uran), and urea-calcium solution (Nitro-Pius) were applied preplant at 67,112, and 157 kg N/ha. The two later spring planting dates, compared with the earliest date, resulted in greater head fresh weights and higher insect damage incidence, but lower tipburn and flowering incidence. The earlier fall planting resulted in greater head fresh weight but a much higher flowering incidence than the later planting. Irrespective of planting date, head fresh weight increased quadratically, and tipburn and flowering incidence decreased linearly with increasing N rate. Although N source affected head fresh weight and tipbum incidence, differences were too small to be of practical value.

RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF POINT-INJECTION AND SURFACE APPLICATIONS FOR N FERTILIZATION OF WINTER WHEAT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN ◽  
C. W. LINDWALL ◽  
C. J. ROPPEL
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fertilizer Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Point Injection ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Methods Of Application

Conventional methods of N application for winter wheat often exhibit low fertilizer use efficiency. The comparative effectiveness of a new method, point-injection of N solution, was evaluated in two similar microplot field experiments established in southern Alberta. The first experiment, conducted over three site-year combinations in 1985 and 1986, compared yield response and fertilizer uptake in four spring-applied fertilizer treatments: broadcast urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), broadcast urea, broadcast ammonium nitrate, and point-injected UAN, all applied in solution form. The second experiment, conducted at five sites in 1987, compared four spring-applied fertilizer treatments: surface-banded UAN, broadcast urea (granular), broadcast ammonium nitrate (granular), and point-injected UAN. All fertilizers were labeled with 15N to permit direct estimation of fertilizer uptake. The experiments demonstrated significant increases in fertilizer efficiency with point-injection under some conditions. In five of eight comparisons conducted over a 3-yr period, point-injection treatments exhibited significantly higher fertilizer use efficiency than conventional broadcast methods of application. Average fertilizer-N recovery by the crop at all eight sites was 37% in the point-injection treatments compared with only 26% in the broadcast ammonium nitrate treatment, the next most effective method of N application. When one site was excluded, because of possible confounding effects of application time, average recoveries were 34 and 26%, respectively. The increased efficiency of point-injected fertilizers was attributed to the direct placement of fertilizer N into the active rooting zone of the crop. The advantage of point-injection over conventional methods of application was highly variable, ranging from approximately 0 to over 100%, in part because of variations in precipitation patterns. The results of these microplot studies suggest that point-injection has potential for significant enhancement of fertilizer use efficiency in winter wheat, particularly in semi-arid production regions. Key words: 15N, nitrogen, urea, ammonium nitrate, fertilizer placement

scholarly journals Nitrogen Sources for Tomato and Pepper Production

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 518C-518
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Three nitrogen sources applied through drip irrigation were compared to preplant-applied urea to evaluate their effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) earliness, yield, and blossom end rot (BER) in 1995 and 1996. Calcium nitrate (CaNO3), urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) were applied at 11.2 kg N/ha weekly beginning 2 weeks after transplanting for a total of 8 weeks. The urea treatment received 112 kg N/ha before planting and fertigated treatments received 22.4 kg N/ha from urea before planting. In 1995 only, two additional treatments were fertilized with chicken manure only (1.3N–0.7P–0.8K) at 112 kg N/ha and 168 kg N/ha. In 1996, nitrogen treatments were compared at two levels of potassium fertilization: 0 or 269 kg K/ha. `Sunrise' or `Mountain Spring' tomatoes and `Ranger' peppers were transplanted into black plastic in mid to late June each year. Nitrogen treatments had no effect on marketable or total yield, fruit size, or BER of tomatoes. Total pepper yield was lower with urea than with CaNO3; early and marketable yields showed similar trends, but differences were not consistently significant. UAN and NH4NO3 pepper yields were usually similar to yield with CaNO3, but did not always differ from urea yields. Compost treatments produced yields intermediate between urea and fertigated treatments in 1995. In 1996, peppers from UAN and NH4NO3 plots had more BER (0.5% to 1%) than CaNO3 plots (0%); urea plots had an intermediate amount of BER (0.2%).

Viscosity, electrical conductivity and density of the system ammonium nitrate-dimethyl sulphoxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115
Author(s):  
Jindřich Novák ◽  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Ivo Sláma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Present System ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium nitrate in dimethyl sulphoxide have been determined over the temperature range 10-60 °C and the concentration range 7-50 mol% of the salt. The variations in the quantities as a function of temperature and concentration have been correlated by empirical equations. A comparison is made between the transport properties for the present system, aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate solutions in dimethyl sulphoxide.

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