Stability of resistance to western gall rust and needle cast in lodgepole pine provenances

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry X Wu ◽  
Cheng C Ying
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Site Evaluation

Stability of 76 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) provenances in resistance to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. More) Y. Hiratsuka) and needle cast (Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker) was investigated from 19 and 23 sites in the British Columbia interior, respectively. Provenances, sites, and provenance by site interaction had significant effects on severity level of infection of both diseases. Susceptible provenances contributed mainly to the interaction. The resistant provenances to both diseases were very stable and essentially homeostatic across sites (regression coefficient approaching 0). Resistant provenances were concentrated in the jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) - lodgepole pine hybrid zone and adjacent areas, and provenances from the low-elevation interior wetbelt were also very resistant to needle cast. Geographic patterns of provenance variation revealed that the closer a lodgepole pine provenance is to the limit of jack pine distribution, the higher and more stable is its resistance to western gall rust and needle cast. The current multiple-site evaluation supports for the hypothesis that jack pine introgression influences pest defence in lodgepole pine and suggests genetic selection can be effective.

Susceptibility of Pinus contorta - Pinus banksiana complex to Endocronartium harknessii: host-pathogen interactions

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Zhihong Ye ◽  
Yasu Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Rust Susceptibility

Lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Lound.) and jack (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) pines occur sympatrically and hybridize in central and northwestern Alberta, providing opportunities for studying unique ecological and evolutionary interactions. We conducted a greenhouse inoculation experiment to investigate interactions between 40 populations of lodgepole and jack pines and their putative hybrids across this hybrid zone and two sources of the western gall rust fungus, Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka, one from lodgepole pine and the other from jack pine. Rust susceptibility and height were assessed when the seedlings were 6 months and 1 year old. Lodgepole pine and the hybrids were significantly more susceptible to the rust infection than jack pine. Jack pine grew significantly faster than the hybrids and lodgepole pine. In addition, the seedlings infected with spores from lodgepole pine grew significantly slower than those with spores from jack pine. While the overall rust scores indicated that spores from lodgepole pine was more virulent to the hosts than those from jack pine, both spore sources were better adapted to their own host species, causing significant spore source × host group interactions. However, such host specificity in the western gall rust is far from stabilized (equilibrium) because of continued gene exchanges among the two parental species and their hybrids.Key words: Pinus contorta - Pinus banksiana complex, western gall rust, natural hybridization, coevolutionary genetics.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA variability among geographic isolates of western gall rust fungus in Canada

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxi Li ◽  
Francis C Yeh ◽  
Yasu Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Rapd Pattern ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
East West

Geographic variability among western gall rust (WGR) fungus (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka) was studied by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Samples were taken from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) host at four locations in British Columbia and Alberta and from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) host at nine locations in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario. Of 90 random oligonucleotide primers screened, 9 were chosen for analysis. These nine primers consistently amplified 41 sharp and reproducible RAPDs (fragments) of the WGR fungal isolates over several independent runs. Eighteen of the 41 RAPDs were polymorphic (showing the presence of both marker and null phenotypes), of which 15 could discriminate WGR isolates of lodgepole pine hosts from jack pine ones. Of these 15 RAPDs, five were unique to isolates of lodgepole and five to jack pine. The remaining five RAPDs were significantly heterogeneous in the RAPD frequency between WGR isolates of the two host origins. The RAPD pattern of WGR isolates from lodgepole pine was uniform. However, isolates from jack pine differed significantly in the frequency of four RAPDs among locations, with an east-west trend of decreasing similarity in RAPD. Analysis of molecular variance apportioned 76.3, 14.4, and 9.3% of the total RAPD variability to differences among hosts, to differences among locations within hosts, and to differences within locations, respectively. The large differentiation between WGR fungal isolates sampled in lodgepole pine and jack pine hosts might suggest that selective pressure for host specificity in sampled populations was strong.

Population differentiation of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) complex in Alberta: growth, survival, and responses to climate

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratias M. Rweyongeza ◽  
Narinder K. Dhir ◽  
Leonard K. Barnhardt ◽  
Christine Hansen ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
High Elevations

Growth and survival of 33 populations from a species complex involving interior lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and their natural hybrids in Alberta were evaluated at ages 5, 10, and 15 years in eight test sites across Alberta. We determined population differentiations by estimating Mahalanobis distances between populations from the canonical discriminant analysis of the total variability and by calculating dissimilarity indexes between populations from the quadratic regression of overall growth and survival on the overall climate. The grouping of the populations based on the Mahalanobis distances showed that most jack pine populations could be separated from lodgepole and hybrid populations, but no further subdivision was possible to distinguish lodgepole from hybrid populations. This clustering pattern was remarkably similar to the grouping based on molecular markers as shown in our earlier study. This pattern of grouping is best explained by a clear elevational demarcation between jack pine at low elevations and lodgepole pine and hybrids at midrange and high elevations. The grouping of the populations based on the dissimilarity indexes revealed a somewhat contrasting pattern; most lodgepole pine populations were in one group, whereas jack pine and hybrid populations were mixed up in the other group. The two contrasting patterns of grouping suggest that nonclimatic factors such as edaphic preference and habitat disturbances are also important in determining population distributions and niche spaces in the lodgepole – jack pine complex.

scholarly journals Paternally inherited chloroplast polymorphism in Pinus: estimation of diversity and population subdivision, and tests of disequilibrium with a maternally inherited mitochondrial polymorphism.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1194
Author(s):  
J Dong ◽  
D B Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Dna Restriction

Abstract We have surveyed a chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in 745 individuals, distributed rangewide in eight allopatric natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and eight allopatric natural populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.). The polymorphic region of the chloroplast genome is located near duplicated psbA genes. Fourteen length variants were found in the survey, and these variants distinguished the two species qualitatively. Variant diversities were high in both species (hes = 0.43 in jack pine; hes = 0.44 in lodgepole pine). Population subdivision was weak within and among lodgepole pine subspecies and in jack pine (i.e., theta values were less than 0.05). This weak subdivision is compatible with theoretical predictions for paternally inherited markers in wind-pollinated outcrossers, as well as for polymorphisms with high length mutation rates. If these populations are at a drift-migration equilibrium, the chloroplast DNA restriction fragment data and previous mitochondrial frequency data from the same individuals are consistent with gene flow that is differential through seeds and pollen. The new data have permitted the first empirical tests of disequilibrium between maternally and paternally inherited factors. As expected, these tests failed to detect convincing evidence of nonrandom association between chloroplast and mitochondrial variants.

scholarly journals Spatial and genetic structure of the lodgepole × jack pine hybrid zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Burns ◽  
Patrick M.A. James ◽  
David W. Coltman ◽  
Catherine I. Cullingham
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Essential Information

In north-central Alberta, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) form a mosaic hybrid zone, the spatial extent of which remains poorly defined. We sought to refine the genetic and geographic distribution of this hybrid zone in western North America to provide information important in predicting future risk of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks. We used 29 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to discriminate lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids. We compared and contrasted spatial patterns of hybridization in northern and southern forest zones based on the colonization history of the two species. We found that patterns of introgression were more similar between the zones than expected by chance, but there were significant differences between these regions at specific loci. Using logistic regression, we created a robust predictive model to distinguish among lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids using a combination of geographic and environmental predictors. Using model selection based on Akaike information criterion, we found that location, elevation, and moisture are important predictors for species class. Quantification of the genetic differences between these two regions, combined with an accurate model for predicting the spatial distribution of lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids, provides essential information for continued effective management of forest resources.

Modelling the effects of surface and crown fire behaviour on serotinous cone opening in jack pine and lodgepole pine forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Alexander ◽  
M. G. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Crown Scorch ◽  
Stand Height

A methodology has been developed for defining the various threshold conditions required for the opening of serotinous cones and viable seed release in the overstorey canopies in jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests on the basis of fireline intensity and, in turn, rate of fire spread and fuel consumption. The extent of the effects to the overstorey canopy (i.e. crown scorch height and flame defoliation) and the type of fire (i.e. low- to high-intensity surface, intermittent crown and active crown) vary at any given fireline intensity level and are principally a function of foliar moisture content, canopy base height, stand height and canopy bulk density. The viability of the seed stored in serotinous cones of the two pine species begins to decreases once the flame-front residence time at the ground level of an active crown fire exceeds 50 s.

Population structure of a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (P. banksiana) complex as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Z Ye ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Francis C Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Putative Hybrid

We studied the population structure of a lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) complex in west central Alberta and neighboring areas by assessing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variability in 23 lodgepole pine, 9 jack pine, and 8 putative hybrid populations. Of 200 random primers screened, 10 that amplified 39 sharp and reproducible RAPDs were chosen for the study. None of the 39 RAPDs were unique to the parental species. RAPD diversity ranged from 0.085 to 0.190 among populations and averaged 0.143 for lodgepole pine, 0.156 for jack pine, 0.152 for hybrids, and 0.148 for all 40 populations. The estimated population differentiation based on GST was 0.168 for hybrids, 0.162 for lodgepole pine, 0.155 for jack pine, and 0.247 across all 40 populations. Cluster analysis of genetic distances generally separated jack pine from lodgepole pine and hybrids, but no division could be identified that further separated lodgepole pine from hybrids. The observed weak to mild trend of "introgression by distance" in the complex and neighbouring areas was consistent with the view that introgressive hybridization between lodgepole and jack pines within and outside the hybrid zone may have been through secondary contact and primary intergradation, respectively.Key words: introgression, lodgepole–jack pine complex, natural hybridization, random amplified polymorphic DNA.

scholarly journals Cold hardiness of white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and lodgepole pine needles during dehardening

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongzhou Man ◽  
Pengxin Lu ◽  
Qing-Lai Dang
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Late Winter

Conifer winter damage results primarily from loss of cold hardiness during unseasonably warm days in late winter and early spring, and such damage may increase in frequency and severity under a warming climate. In this study, the dehardening dynamics of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were examined in relation to thermal accumulation during artificial dehardening in winter (December) and spring (March) using relative electrolyte leakage and visual assessment of pine needles and spruce shoots. Results indicated that all four species dehardened at a similar rate and to a similar extent, despite considerably different thermal accumulation requirements. Spring dehardening was comparatively faster, with black spruce slightly hardier than the other conifers at the late stage of spring dehardening. The difference, however, was relatively small and did not afford black spruce significant protection during seedling freezing tests prior to budbreak in late March and early May. The dehardening curves and models developed in this study may serve as a tool to predict cold hardiness by temperature and to understand the potential risks of conifer cold injury during warming–freezing events prior to budbreak.

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